Deck 26: Drug Abuse

Question 1

Physical dependence:

A) is a state of mind in which a person believes that he or she is unable to maintain optimal performance without having taken a drug.
B) is established by withdrawal syndrome.
C) refers to the altered physiologic state that results from constantly increasing drug concentrations.
D) Both a and b are correct.
E) Both b and c are correct.

Answer 1

Both b and c are correct.

Question 2

Chronic alcohol use increases the risk of cancer of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver, which may occur with tobacco use in a(n)_____ effect.

A) additive
B) synergistic
C) negative
D) canceling

Answer 2

synergistic

Question 3

Approximately _____% of incarcerated individuals are there because of drug abuse problems.

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Answer 3

80

Question 4

Disulfiram is an agent used in the treatment of:

A) ethyl alcohol withdrawal.
B) opioid withdrawal.
C) barbiturate overdose.
D) alcoholism.

Question 5

Nitrous oxide abuse:

A) can lead to physical dependence.
B) is primarily seen in food service employees.
C) can cause infertility.
D) can cause myelocytosis.

Question 6

Which drug is associated with a deficiency of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X after chronic abuse?

A) Ethyl alcohol
B) Nicotine
C) Cocaine
D) Nitrous oxide

Question 7

At which stage of ethyl alcohol withdrawal are hallucinations most prevalent?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Ethyl alcohol withdrawal is not associated with hallucinations.

Question 8

The potential for abuse of a drug is greatly increased by all of the following factors except which one?

A) Very potent
B) Long duration of action
C) Inexpensive
D) Easy to distribute

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of alcoholism?

A) A genetic link for alcoholism exists.
B) Inpatient detoxification is required for most alcoholics.
C) Penicillin is known to produce a disulfiram-like reaction.
D) A patient will vomit if he or she takes naltrexone while consuming alcohol.

Question 10

Abuse of _____ is the number one public health problem in the United States.

A) opioids
B) stimulants
C) alcohol
D) hallucinogens

Question 11

Advanced periodontal disease, jaundice, and palmar erythema are signs of:

A) smokeless tobacco use.
B) Wernicke encephalopathy.
C) advanced alcoholic liver disease.
D) chronic nitrous oxide use.

Question 12

Agents capable of changing behavior or inducing a psychosis-like reaction are termed:

A) psychedelic.
B) hallucinogenic.
C) psychoactive.
D) psychotomimetic.

Question 13

Enabling is an inappropriate behavior that requires family therapy because it involves the actions that family or friends take to supply the addict with the drug.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding addiction, habituation, and dependence?

A) When comparing drugs of the same group, the time required to produce physical dependence is longest with a rapidly metabolized drug and shortest with a slowly metabolized drug.
B) Cross-tolerance may be either partial or complete and is determined more by the pharmacologic effect of the drug than by its chemical structure.
C) The longer the half-life of the drug is, the quicker the withdrawal will be.
D) A barbiturate can be substituted for an opioid, and vice versa.

Question 15

Which of the following drugs may be used to reduce alcohol craving?

A) Metronidazole
B) Naltrexone
C) Chlordiazepoxide
D) Vitamin K

Question 16

The incidence of alcoholism in the United States is approximately:

A) 5%.
B) 10%.
C) 15%.
D) 20%.

Question 17

Which of the following choices is not a symptom of ethyl alcohol intoxication?

A) Constricted pupils
B) Impairment of judgment
C) Ataxia
D) Emotional lability

Question 18

All of the following statements are descriptive of psychologic dependence except which one?

A) It may vary from mild desire to compulsive obsession.
B) It is not as strong as physical dependence.
C) It often involves drug-seeking behavior.
D) It is a state in which the person feels unable to maintain optimal performance without the drug.

Question 19

A physical or psychologic state characterized by a compulsion to take a drug is termed:

A) enabling.
B) psychologic dependence.
C) drug dependence.
D) tolerance.
E) abstinence syndrome.

Question 20

Tolerance is characterized by the need to _____ the dose continually to achieve a desired effect or providing the same dose that produces a(n)_____ effect.

A) increase; increasing
B) increase; diminishing
C) decrease; increasing
D) decrease; diminishing

Question 21

Dental health care workers should have heightened awareness of the issues of drug abuse because:

A) their coworkers may abuse drugs in the workplace.
B) "shoppers" may interact with health care workers in an effort to obtain controlled substances.
C) patients who abuse drugs intravenously are more likely to contract sexually transmitted or blood-borne diseases that are transmissible to the dental health care worker.
D) dentist's offices have prescription pads and abusable substances that need to be safely monitored.
E) of all of the above.

Question 22

Bupropion is an effective treatment for alcoholism.

Question 23

Which agent has a withdrawal syndrome characterized by yawning, rhinorrhea, and chills that alternate with excessive sweating?

A) Amphetamine
B) Diazepam
C) Nicotine
D) Heroin

Question 24

Which of the following are true of nicotine in smoking tobacco and smokeless tobacco? (Select all that apply.)

A) There are many other components of tobacco smoke that are harmful in addition to nicotine.
B) About one-half of the adult American population smokes cigarettes.
C) Chronic use of tobacco is causally related to many serious diseases, including coronary artery disease and oral and lung cancers.
D) Smokeless tobacco is a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes.

Question 25

What is the primary reason why treatment can be dangerous with an active methamphetamine user?

A) The person may be psychotic.
B) The person may become paranoid and bite the operator.
C) The use of local anesthetic can intensify the cardiac effects of meth.
D) The sound of the dental drill can cause the patient to become agitated.

Question 26

Which drug syndrome produces symptoms resembling pernicious anemia?

A) Chronic alcoholism
B) Chronic nitrous oxide use
C) Opioid withdrawal
D) Chronic tobacco use

Question 27

Signs and symptoms of an acute overdose of amphetamines include:

A) pinpoint pupils.
B) hypothermia.
C) diaphoresis.
D) excessive salivation.

Question 28

Abuse is the use of a drug for a disease state in a way considered inappropriate.

Question 29

The triad of narcotic overdose is:

A) respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, and coma.
B) hyperactive behavior, dilated pupils, and cardiac arrhythmias.
C) elevated blood pressure, blank stare, and rigidity.
D) respiratory depression, cardiac depression, and sleep.

Question 30

During drug withdrawal, symptoms appear that are opposite of the symptoms of drug use.

Question 31

All of the following are true of marijuana use except which one?

A) A common adverse reaction is a panic attack.
B) The agent can cause xerostomia.
C) Physical dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms are common.
D) Marijuana is effective as an antiemetic.

Question 32

For which of the following agents does treatment of withdrawal involve replacement of the abused drug with an equivalent drug, followed by gradual withdrawal of the equivalent drug?

A) Opioid analgesics
B) Sedative-hypnotics
C) Alcohol
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 33

What is "spice" or "K-2"?

A) A designer drug created by spraying natural herbs with synthetic chemicals that produce psychoactive effects similar to cannabis
B) A method of smoking oregano to get a hallucinogenic effect
C) The stems of the hemp plant rather than the leaves
D) A version of phencyclidine (PCP)
E) A British female pop group or a brand of snow skis

Question 34

Which agent produces a state described as a complete satiation of all drives?

A) Ethyl alcohol
B) Cocaine
C) Nitrous oxide
D) Morphine
E) Methaqualone

Question 35

Prescribing _____ for analgesia is best when treating a dental patient who abuses opioids.

A) Tylenol #3 with codeine.
B) Vicodin.
C) Percocet.
D) nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Question 36

Chewing tobacco will not lead to cancer because the tobacco is not burned nor the smoke inhaled.

Question 37

"Bath salts" are related to:

A) marijuana.
B) opioid analgesics.
C) amphetamines.
D) lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).

Question 38

Drug withdrawal from sedative-hypnotic agents can be more life threatening than withdrawal from opioids.