Deck 6: Learning Disabilities Described

Question 1

Freda has trouble understanding numbers. She confuses the different symbols used in math calculations. She sometimes reverses selected numbers and cannot seem to memorize her math facts. What type of learning disabilities does she appear to have?

A) Dyslexia
B) Dysgraphia
C) Dyscalculia
D) Dysmemoria

Answer 1

Dyscalculia

Question 2

John, a fifth-grader, makes inappropriately sized and spaced letters. He sometimes writes distorted or misspelled words, despite thorough instruction. What type of learning disabilities does he appear to have?

A) Dyslexia
B) Dysgraphia
C) Dyscalculia
D) Dysmemoria

Answer 2

Dysgraphia

Question 3

In the exclusion clause of the IDEA definition of learning disabilities, learning problems cannot be the result of any of the following conditions EXCEPT ________.

A) economic disadvantage
B) developmental aphasia
C) environmental factors
D) cultural factors

Answer 3

developmental aphasia

Question 4

Sara is being evaluated to determine whether she has a learning disability. The psychologist is using the traditional method of identification. What does this method involve?

A) Sara's potential will be compared to her achievement.
B) Sara progress will be monitored after intervention.
C) Sara's brain mapping results will be reviewed for problem areas.
D) Sara will be moved through tiers of intervention based on her progress.

Question 5

One problem with the IQ-achievement discrepancy approach is ________.

A) parents do not like the approach
B) it allows for early intervening
C) it takes years for a discrepancy to become large enough
D) there are not tests to measure the discrepancy

Question 6

In what tier, of the most often used RTI framework, does the intervention become most intensive before referral for special education support?

A) Tier 1
B) Tier 4
C) Tier 3
D) Tier 2

Question 7

Jason was considered a "false positive" concerning his identification as a student with learning disabilities. What is the meaning of "false positive"?

A) Jason had cultural differences.
B) Jason did not attend preschool.
C) Jason had economic disadvantage.
D) Jason did not receive evidence-based, high quality instruction.

Question 8

Marty's teacher notices that when Marty is reading, he consistently confuses words that begin with letters that look similar. For example, he reads "den" for "pen"
And "pat"
For "bat."
What characteristic of learning disabilities is Marty displaying?

A) Working memory
B) Auditory processing
C) Visual processing
D) Rapid letter naming

Question 9

Steven, a first-grader, was given an informal reading inventory. The teacher noticed that when shown a list of letters and asked to read them as quickly as possible within a designated period, Steven showed frequent pauses and delays. This resulted in fewer letters that he recognized in the period. What characteristic of learning disabilities does Steven display?

A) Working memory
B) Auditory processing
C) Visual processing
D) Rapid letter naming

Question 10

What percentage of all school-age children qualify and receive special education services under the category of learning disabilities?

A) Less than 5%
B) 43%
C) 39%
D) 18%

Question 11

The prevalence of learning disabilities has ________ in recent years.

A) increased
B) declined
C) stayed the same
D) matched the size of the next largest disability category

Question 12

Robert is a student with a learning disability. He has above average performance on tests of mathematics computation. He is an outstanding athlete and plays on the school's soccer team. However, his scores on tests of reading are below his fifth-grade placement. Robert struggles when reading printed text. He has great social skills and is often chosen as a leader by his peers. The IEP team is considering placement for Robert. He will most likely be placed ________.

A) in a special school
B) in a self-contained classroom
C) in the general education classroom
D) in a full time, resource room

Question 13

Stephen, a six-year-old with a learning disability, is learning to add simple numbers. He learns to add when number equations are presented vertically in math. However, when presented with the same number equation presented horizontally in his science book practice, Stephen is having difficulty performing the computation. Which term describes Stephen's challenge?

A) Learned helplessness
B) Generalization
C) Working memory
D) Learning strategies

Question 14

Students with learning disabilities and co-existing language impairments may struggle with pragmatics. Which of the following is a characteristic of pragmatics?

A) Failure to process all the information in a social situation.
B) Engage inappropriately in conversation.
C) Failure to transfer or apply information or strategies from one situation to another.
D) Believe their efforts have no bearing on their learning outcomes.

Question 15

All the following scenarios describes a child with learned helplessness EXCEPT ________.

A) Allen, who consistently failed his math tests and no longer tries
B) Lauren, who failed her math tests and says her failure is because the teacher does not like her
C) Cherry, who failed her math tests, and says she failed because she forgot about the test and did not study
D) William, who failed his math tests because he says the teacher made the test too difficult

Question 16

________ are strategies that teach students with learning disabilities: how to learn, their own learning processes, their deficits and how to work around them.

A) Explicit instruction
B) Metacognitive
C) Mnemonics
D) Generalization

Question 17

Seneali is a student with a learning disability in writing. She has difficulty with coordinating the fine motor coordination skills for writing. Consequently, note-taking is a challenge for her. What is a high-tech accommodation that can be used to assist Seneali with note-taking?

A) Assign a peer buddy to share notes.
B) Provide a copy of the PowerPoint slides.
C) Provide a digital pen that collects digital data on the student's pen strokes and records the lecture.
D) Provide an advance organizer.

Question 18

What percentage of readers who struggle in third grade will continue to struggle with reading in high school?

A) 80%
B) 100%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 19

All the following are common language indicators that a preschooler might have a learning disability EXCEPT ________.

A) not meeting the normal developmental milestones for language acquisition
B) having speech delays
C) beginning to talk later than peers without disabilities
D) forming letters

Question 20

This step of Self-Regulated Strategy Development involves the teacher in demonstrating the steps of the strategy while verbalizing the thought process that occur with each step.

A) Develop background knowledge
B) Discuss it
C) Model it
D) Support it

Question 21

April, a student with learning disabilities, will graduate from high school in May of this year. With her transition team, April has been exploring colleges to attend. Which of the following questions about the college should she specifically consider as a student with a learning disability?

A) Where is the school located?
B) What are the admission standards?
C) How comprehensive is the university's office of disability services?
D) Who will be on the team to help develop my IEP?

Question 22

What was the outcome of the process/product debate during the 1970s?

A) Perceptual abilities were the focus of instruction for students with learning disabilities.
B) Both perceptual and product approaches were found to be effective for teaching students with learning disabilities.
C) Brain injury was determined to be the cause of learning disabilities.
D) Explicit instruction was determined to improve student's academic skills.

Question 23

Who coined the term learning disabilities and in what year?

A) Sam Kirk in 1963
B) Samuel Orton in 1920
C) Wayne County Training School in Michigan in 1940
D) Lynn and Doug Fuchs in 1990

Question 24

All the following factors are associated with the presence of learning disabilities EXCEPT ________.

A) genetics
B) drug or alcohol use
C) malnutrition
D) dyes in food

Question 25

This technology can be used to identify which portions of the brain are active by the amount of blood flow in the region.

A) MRI
B) fMRI
C) dMRI
D) CT Scan

Question 26

Define learning disabilities. Describe a child that would reflect the definition of learning disabilities. Include in your description an intervention that would address the area of underachievement.

Question 27

Explain how students who are English Language Learners can be both over and underrepresented in special education. Present a question that can guide teachers in trying to prevent this situation.

Question 28

List and explain three challenges that learning disabilities create. Select one of the challenges and explain a solution including a rationale for why the solution is proposed.