Deck 6: Personality and Stress

Question 1

It is no surprise that many studies have associated high scores on neuroticism with a greater likelihood of developing a(n)____ such as a mood disorder (e.g., major depression)or an anxiety disorder (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder).

A) neurotic disorder
B) personality disorder
C) externalizing disorder
D) internalizing disorder

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Sometimes ____ are referred to as dispositions since they imply that persons are inclined toward particular experiences or expressions of personality.

A) traits
B) states
C) personalities
D) dispositions

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The psychoanalytic idea of psychological conflicts being expressed as symptoms (either psychological or physical)played an important role in Freud's ____, a construct that was widely accepted by mainstream American psychiatry until the latter part of the 20th century.

A) theory of sublimation
B) theory of psychosis
C) theory of the unconscious
D) theory of neurosis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Gray's two systems are the ____ that is sensitive to reward and fueled by the dopamine areas and circuits of the brain and the opposing ____ that is sensitive to punishment or non-reward and is driven by the norepinephrine systems of the brain.

A) Behavioral Approach System, Behavioral Inhibition System
B) Behavioral Inhibition System, Behavioral Approach System
C) Five Factor Model, reinforcement sensitivity theory
D) reinforcement sensitivity theory, Five Factor Model

Question 5

High neuroticism is consistently ____ associated with subjective well-being.

A) but only slightly negatively
B) and robustly negatively
C) but only slightly positively
D) and robustly positively

Question 6

In the early part of the 20th century, ____ medicine broke new ground in linking psychological health to physical conditions.

A) allopathic
B) neuroleptic
C) psychosomatic
D) psychological

Question 7

____ is "the biologically based foundation of personality, including such characteristic patterns of behavior as emotionality, activity, and sociability."

A) Disposition
B) Temperament
C) A personal trait
D) A personality state

Question 8

____ refer(s)to particular characteristics or structural elements of personality that predispose a person to respond in certain ways.

A) Disposition
B) Personality states
C) Temperament
D) Personality traits

Question 9

____, which deals directly with the stressor or the emotions it evokes, is more effective at mitigating the effects of stress than ____ that involves escape and avoidance.

A) A low level of optimism, a low level of engagement
B) A high level of optimism, a high level of engagement
C) Engagement coping, disengagement coping
D) Disengagement coping, engagement coping

Question 10

Traits of ____ are generally seen as undesirable even to those who score high on this superfactor, and include characteristics such as anxious, depressed, guilt feelings, low self-esteem, tense, irrational, shy, moody, and emotional.

A) neuroticism
B) psychoticism
C) introversion
D) extraversion

Question 11

The first two editions of the ____ (a manual developed by psychiatrists to guide psychiatric diagnoses)included neurosis as a condition that typically involved anxiety or depression and contrasted with psychosis.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
B) Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders
C) Physician's Desk Reference
D) Psychiatric Manual of Mental Illness

Question 12

In their landmark prospective study known as the Western Collaborative Group Study, Rosenman et al. found that Type As were ____ to develop coronary heart disease as Type Bs-a finding made more remarkable since it held firm after statistically adjusting for other risk variables.

A) twice as likely
B) three times as likely
C) half as likely
D) just as likely

Question 13

Substance abuse or dependence and anti-social personality disorder are examples of a(n)____.

A) neurotic disorder
B) personality disorder
C) externalizing disorder
D) internalizing disorder

Question 14

____ refers to the overall enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that define an individual.

A) Personal trait
B) Disposition
C) Temperament
D) Personality

Question 15

Among the Big Five, research findings are steadily converging on ____ as the most health protective.

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extraversion

Question 16

Johan Denollet and his associates introduced ____ and defined it as a personality type that has high negative affectivity (NA)and high social inhibition (SI). A ____ person is similar to an introverted neurotic.

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 17

Whereas ____ are considered more temporary internal phenomena, ____ are considered more enduring and stable personality characteristics.

A) traits, states
B) states, traits
C) dispositions, temperaments
D) temperaments, dispositions

Question 18

J. A. Gray's ____, based on animal research, builds on Eysenck's biological model and proposes two functionally independent motivational systems that have a bearing on our understanding of underlying temperament factors driving extraversion and neuroticism.

A) Five Factor Model
B) reinforcement sensitivity theory
C) Behavioral Inhibition System
D) Behavioral Approach System

Question 19

Eysenck's concept of ____ embodies the generally positively connoted traits of sociable, lively, active, assertive, sensation-seeking, carefree, dominant, surgent, and venturesome.

A) neuroticism
B) psychoticism
C) introversion
D) extraversion

Question 20

There are subcomponents of each factor in the NEO-PI, labeled ____, that are separately measured.

A) functions
B) types
C) facets
D) typologies

Question 21

What is the difference between the Behavioral Inhibition System and the Behavioral Approach System?

Question 22

Describe the NEO-PI.

Question 23

What is "anger-in"? What type of anger expression style is ideal?

Question 24

What effects do high internal locus of control, sense of coherence (SOC), and hardiness have on health and illness?

Question 25

What trait is linked to the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)?

Question 26

Explain differential exposure.

Question 27

What is mood spillover?

Question 28

Describe the Big Five (also known as the Five Factor Model).

Question 29

Explain locus of control (and the two types)in Rotter's social learning theory.

Question 30

What does the psychoticism factor measure?

Question 31

What trait did Redford Williams and his associates link to coronary atherosclerosis and risk of death?

Question 32

Why do small everyday stressors often elicit the same dramatic over-the-top responses as big stressors?

Question 33

Why do those with high neuroticism traits exhibit negatively oriented emotional hyperreactivity toward stressors?

Question 34

Briefly explain health-related behavior models.

Question 35

What is the most favorable pattern for intimate partner relationship satisfaction in the Malouff 2010 study?

Question 36

What are personality types?

Question 37

Explain differential appraisal.

Question 38

What trait is linked to the Behavioral Approach System (BAS)?

Question 39

What are the potential benefits of the trait of extraversion?

Question 40

Define Kobasa's 3 Cs.

Question 41

What are moderation models?

Question 42

Describe factor analysis.

Question 43

What is the "sting of familiar problems"? Use examples in your answer.

Question 44

What is Eysenck's PEN Model?

Question 45

What is the biological predisposition model?

Question 46

Explain Kobasa's concept of hardiness.

Question 47

How do hostility, anger, and anger expression differ? How are they linked to CHD (coronary heat disease)?

Question 48

What is the Type A behavior pattern and how is it measured?

Question 49

Describe the neuroticism health-risk connection.

Question 50

What are the three anger expression styles Davidson and Mostofsky used in their study of anger expression as a gender-related risk factor for CHD (coronary heart disease)? How do these styles differ between men and women?