Deck 11: Infections

Question 1

Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Vectors and vehicles are examples of direct modes of transmission.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A portal of exit is necessary to pass infections to others.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

During incubation, a person experiences early symptoms of the disease but may not realize yet that he or she is sick.

Question 5

Most people realize they are sick at the prodromal stage.

Question 6

The immune system guards against pathogens.

Question 7

White blood cells are known as antigens.

Question 8

The two types of leukocytes are phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 9

A person develops active immunity before antibodies are introduced into his or her body.

Question 10

Passive immunity is long lasting.

Question 11

Infants can acquire passive immunity by ingesting breast milk.

Question 12

Antibiotics promote bacterial infections.

Question 13

Antibiotics are specific to certain types of bacteria.

Question 14

A person who has been prescribed antibiotics for an infection should stop taking them 24 hours after the symptoms disappear.

Question 15

Altered bacteria cause infections that can be virulent, difficult to treat, and deadly.

Question 16

Bacteria are very complex pathogens.

Question 17

Pathogens capable of surviving antibiotics and other medications designed to kill them are called superbugs.

Question 18

Living in close contact with a large number of people decreases one's risk of contracting bacterial meningitis.

Question 19

Bacterial meningitis is a potentially fatal disease.

Question 20

Antibiotics can be used to treat the common cold.

Question 21

Frequent hand washing is effective in preventing the common cold.

Question 22

The H1N1 pandemic of 2009 was more serious than originally feared.

Question 23

Another name for mononucleosis is the "kissing disease."

Question 24

Flu vaccines are not very effective in preventing the flu.

Question 25

Medications available for herpes 1 reduce only the severity of the symptoms.

Question 26

Herpes simplex virus 2 is also known as "oral herpes."

Question 27

Hepatitis A is a blood-borne form of hepatitis.

Question 28

Fungal spores cause athlete's foot.

Question 29

Ringworm affects only children.

Question 30

Ringworm is a noncontagious fungal infection.

Question 31

Gonorrhea is a fungal infection.

Question 32

Symptoms of gonorrhea appear sooner than those of chlamydia.

Question 33

Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause ectopic pregnancy.

Question 34

Herpes 2 can be cured.

Question 35

Approximately 10 percent of sexually active women will be infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) at some point in their lives.

Question 36

Herpes 2 increases the risk of cervical cancer in women.

Question 37

The Gardasil vaccine protects against human papillomavirus (HPV).

Question 38

Abstinence is the most effective preventive method against sexually transmitted infections.

Question 39

If left untreated, botulism can be lethal.

Question 40

Communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms called _____.

A) antibodies
B) antigens
C) pathogens
D) leukocytes

Question 41

All of the following are among the six major groups of pathogens EXCEPT _____.

A) influenza
B) bacteria
C) rickettsia
D) metazoa

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT among the causes of most common diseases?

A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Fungi
D) Protozoa

Question 43

Which of the following is the place where pathogens live and reproduce?

A) An incubator
B) A reservoir
C) A cage
D) A cistern

Question 44

All of the following are direct modes of transmission of infections EXCEPT _____.

A) coughing
B) insect bites
C) sneezing
D) sexual contact

Question 45

Which of the following is an indirect mode of transmission?

A) Sexual contact
B) Sneezing
C) Food
D) Coughing

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true about the indirect modes of transmission of a pathogen?

A) Vectors are substances like food or water.
B) Inanimate objects such as drinking glasses and eating utensils are considered vehicles.
C) Indirect modes of transmission are person to person via coughing, sneezing, or sexual contact.
D) Vehicles can be insects, such as mosquitoes or ticks, that carry a pathogen.

Question 47

Which of the following modes of pathogen transmission is an example of a vehicle?

A) Mosquitoes
B) Coughing
C) Fungi
D) Food

Question 48

_____ is NOT a portal of entry for pathogens.

A) The nose
B) Hair
C) The skin
D) The reproductive system

Question 49

The time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of clinical symptoms is known as the _____.

A) prodromal stage
B) incubation stage
C) acute stage
D) recovery stage

Question 50

Identify an accurate statement about the incubation stage of response.

A) Most people do not realize they are sick during the incubation stage, and they tend to attribute the symptoms to something else-lack of sleep, allergies, or general tiredness.
B) As the symptoms get more intense and the person begins to feel sick, the infection is said to have entered the incubation stage.
C) It is the time when the pathogen is reproducing in the system and doing whatever it uniquely does to take over the body.
D) The person recovers completely during this stage of response.

Question 51

Which of the following is the stage of response in which early symptoms appear?

A) The incubation stage
B) The acute stage
C) The prodromal stage
D) The recovery stage

Question 52

At which stage does an infection hit its peak?

A) The acute stage
B) The prodromal stage
C) The recovery stage
D) The incubation stage

Question 53

Which of the following does NOT happen after the acute stage?

A) Death
B) Recovery
C) Incubation
D) Relapse

Question 54

Which of the following is another name for white blood cells?

A) Antigens
B) Pathogens
C) Leukocytes
D) Antibiotics

Question 55

When phagocytes encounter pathogens, they do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) surround them.
B) engulf them.
C) restore them.
D) digest them.

Question 56

Lymphocytes develop into which types of cells?

A) B and C
B) B and T
C) S and T
D) T and L

Question 57

Identify a true statement about lymphocytes.

A) If a pathogen invades the body, it is detected by T lymphocytes and destroyed by B lymphocytes.
B) Lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow, and they can stay in the bone marrow and develop into B cells.
C) Neutrophils are a type of lymphocyte that primarily targets bacteria.
D) Lymphocytes will surround, engulf, and digest pathogens or other material that is recognized as being foreign to the body.

Question 58

T cells _____ pathogens.

A) destroy
B) detect
C) trap
D) restore

Question 59

B cells _____ pathogens.

A) restore
B) destroy
C) detect
D) reproduce

Question 60

Which of the following statements best describes how a vaccine prevents infection?

A) A weakened or dead form of a pathogen helps the body develop antibodies and immunity.
B) A live form of a pathogen helps the body resist antibodies and infection.
C) A weakened or dead form of a pathogen prevents the formation of antibodies and the spread of infection.
D) A weakened or dead form of a pathogen prevents any pathogen from entering the body.

Question 61

For a viral disease like influenza, which of the following is the most effective way to prevent infection?

A) Frequent hand washing
B) Getting a placebo
C) Eating plenty of carbohydrates
D) Keeping the feet dry

Question 62

_____ is an uncommon staph infection, but because it is largely preventable and the people with the highest risk are young menstruating women, it warrants discussion.

A) Impetigo
B) Septicemia
C) Mononucleosis
D) Toxic shock syndrome

Question 63

Which of the following is a staph infection of the skin and of the tissues beneath the skin and is the result of a wound?

A) Toxic shock syndrome
B) Boils
C) Impetigo
D) Cellulitis

Question 64

Which type of influenza is the most widespread?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type H

Question 65

Mononucleosis is a common viral infection that as many as _____ percent of adults in the United States will contract by the time they are 40 years old.

A) 65
B) 75
C) 85
D) 95

Question 66

What is the pathogen that causes mononucleosis?

A) H1N1 virus
B) Simplex one virus
C) Epstein-Barr virus
D) Rhinovirus

Question 67

The proteins H and N in H1N1 are _____.

A) hemoglobin and neurons
B) hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
C) hemostat and neurosis
D) hemagglutinin and necrosis

Question 68

People infected with influenza A have all of the following symptoms EXCEPT _____.

A) fever
B) upset stomach
C) chills
D) runny nose

Question 69

Hepatitis B and C are contracted through all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) contact with infected blood via transfusions
B) dirty needles
C) eating food prepared by someone infected
D) sexual intercourse

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT one of the universal precautions for hepatitis B and C?

A) Rinsing food before preparation
B) Wearing gloves and disposing of them properly
C) Washing hands after contact with bodily fluids
D) Wearing a face mask

Question 71

All of the following are fungal infections EXCEPT _____.

A) athlete's foot
B) ringworm
C) histoplasmosis
D) hepatitis B

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT true of chlamydia?

A) Many people do not have symptoms.
B) Symptoms appear within 24 to 48 hours of exposure.
C) Antibiotics can treat it successfully.
D) Symptoms include discharge from the penis, vagina, or rectum.

Question 73

How does chlamydia spread?

A) Needle sharing
B) Kissing
C) Blood transfusion
D) Sexual intercourse

Question 74

Untreated gonorrhea in women can lead to _____.

A) pelvic inflammatory disease
B) syphilis
C) chlamydia
D) herpes 2

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT true of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A) Its symptoms include irregular menstrual bleeding.
B) It causes infertility in about 100,000 women each year.
C) It is a serious complication of untreated syphilis.
D) It can cause ectopic pregnancy.

Question 76

Which of the following is a sexually transmitted infection that causes a painless lesion or sore called a chancre at the point of sexual contact?

A) Syphilis
B) Chlamydia
C) Genital warts
D) Gonorrhea

Question 77

All of the following are stages of syphilis EXCEPT the _____.

A) primary stage
B) latent stage
C) secondary stage
D) preliminary stage

Question 78

Which sexually transmitted virus results in the condition known as genital warts?

A) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
B) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
C) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
D) Hepadnaviridae

Question 79

Individuals who carry the human immunodeficiency virus but show no symptoms are referred to as _____.

A) AIDS patients
B) HIV positive
C) HIV patients
D) AIDS negative

Question 80

All of the following diseases are a concern in a bioterrorist context EXCEPT _____.

A) anthrax
B) botulism
C) tuberculosis
D) smallpox