Deck 8: Heart Disease and Stroke

Question 1

Coronary heart disease is one of the most common types of cardiovascular diseases.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cardiovascular disease is the number-one killer in the United States.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Atherosclerosis causes coronary heart disease and stroke.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The bursting of an arterial wall in the heart is called a stroke.

Question 5

To confirm a stroke, a person has to experience multiple symptoms.

Question 6

It is perfectly alright for individuals experiencing a possible stroke to drive themselves to the hospital.

Question 7

The nicotine and carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke increase the amount of oxygen in the blood.

Question 8

Due to higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, young women remain at a higher risk for heart disease and stroke through midlife.

Question 9

Only two in ten adults exercise enough to achieve the benefits of physical activity.

Question 10

Moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to reduce coronary heart disease risk by elevating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

Question 11

The behavioral approach to cardiovascular disease intervention targets lifestyle modifications.

Question 12

It's always best to try out medication before lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke.

Question 13

Off-pump coronary artery bypass avoids the use of the heart-lung machine and allows the bypass to be created while the heart is still beating.

Question 14

All of the following are types of cardiovascular disease EXCEPT _____.

A) coronary heart disease
B) edema
C) atherosclerosis
D) hypertension

Question 15

Atherosclerosis involves a buildup of all of the following deposits EXCEPT _____.

A) cholesterol
B) fatty substances
C) calcium
D) vitamins

Question 16

What is the condition in which the inner layers of arteries become irregular and thick due to accumulation of plaque?

A) Atherosclerosis
B) Biliary atresia
C) Peripheral artery disease
D) Coronary heart disease

Question 17

What term is used to refer to the bursting of an arterial wall in the heart?

A) Stroke
B) Thrombus
C) Heart attack
D) Plaque

Question 18

What is the complete obstruction of an artery or bursting of an artery in the brain called?

A) A stroke
B) A heart attack
C) Hypertension
D) Atherosclerosis

Question 19

What term is used to refer to patchy deposits-primarily fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, and calcium-inside the arteries?

A) Deposits
B) Thrombus
C) Plaque
D) Embolus

Question 20

When atherosclerosis occurs outside the brain or heart, it is called _____.

A) rheumatic heart disease
B) stroke
C) thrombus
D) peripheral arterial disease

Question 21

Premature onset of atherosclerosis or accelerated atherosclerosis is caused by all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) smoking
B) physical inactivity
C) low blood pressure
D) obesity

Question 22

What term is used to refer to the condition in which the blood supply to the myocardium is partially or completely blocked due to atherosclerotic narrowing of one or more coronary arteries?

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Peripheral artery disease
C) Coronary heart disease
D) Vascular disease

Question 23

Coronary heart disease is usually caused by _____.

A) atherosclerosis
B) angina
C) myocardial infarction
D) the blockage of pulmonary arteries

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true about coronary heart disease (CHD)?

A) On average, women develop CHD 10 years earlier than men.
B) Estrogen serves as a protector against CHD for women.
C) Levels of estrogen in women decrease after menopause.
D) Heart disease is often referred to as an "older woman's disease."

Question 25

_____ refers to tissue death (infarction) to part of the heart muscle (myocardium) due to an insufficient blood supply when a coronary artery becomes blocked.

A) Coronary heart disease
B) Stroke
C) Angina pectoris
D) Heart attack

Question 26

What does the medical term angina pectoris mean?

A) Heartburn
B) Chest pain
C) Heart attack
D) Back pain

Question 27

What drug is most often used to treat angina, and what does it do?

A) Nitroglycerin; constricts blood vessels
B) Nitroglycerin; dilates blood vessels
C) Acetaminophen; dilates blood vessels
D) Acetaminophen; constricts blood vessels

Question 28

A myocardial infarction occurs when _____.

A) there is a sharp pain in the chest region
B) one or more coronary veins are blocked
C) one or more coronary arteries are blocked
D) an artery to the brain ruptures

Question 29

Which group has the highest risk of having a stroke and dying from it?

A) Hispanics
B) African Americans
C) Whites
D) Asians

Question 30

What type of stroke is the most common?

A) Transient
B) Hemorrhagic
C) Ischemic
D) Pulmonary

Question 31

In a transient ischemic attack, blood supply to part of the brain is:

A) disrupted for life.
B) compromised for a brief time.
C) decreased for a long time.
D) rationed for a while.

Question 32

Cerebrovascular accident is the medical term for _____.

A) heart attack
B) stroke
C) coronary heart disease
D) tumor

Question 33

What is the most recognizable symptom of a heart attack?

A) Chest pain
B) Nausea
C) Fever
D) Fatigue

Question 34

The most distinguishable symptom of a heart attack is:

A) slight discomfort or pressure or an unbearable squeezing or crushing sensation in the chest that may spread to the back, neck, jaw, left arm, both arms, or abdomen.
B) sudden severe headache along with nausea and vomiting, temporary loss of consciousness, and very high blood pressure.
C) increased urination, increased thirst, and unexplained weight loss.
D) sudden numbness, weakness, or paralysis of the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body.

Question 35

Which of the following types of stroke has symptoms that are similar to those of an ischemic stroke and also has sudden severe headache, nausea, and vomiting?

A) A transient stroke
B) A vascular stroke
C) A hemorrhagic stroke
D) A cerebrovascular accident

Question 36

All of the following information about stroke is important to paramedics or emergency room staff EXCEPT:

A) the symptoms.
B) the time the symptoms started.
C) the contents of the patient's most recent meal.
D) the patient's medical conditions.

Question 37

What is the purpose of an automated external defibrillator (AED)?

A) To restore a regular heart rhythm in a person suffering from cardiac arrest
B) To advise the rescuer on how to use cardiopulmonary resuscitation for people in cardiac arrest
C) To provide the nervous system with electricity during cardiac arrest
D) To clear a blood clot from the heart during cardiac arrest

Question 38

Delaying defibrillation for more than _____ minutes reduces survival rates to less than 5 percent.

A) 2
B) 10
C) 20
D) 40

Question 39

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Framingham study?

A) It was the first to coin the term risk factor in 1961.
B) It concluded that the most influential risk factor for cardiovascular disease is genetics.
C) It has increased our understanding of major cardiovascular disease risk factors.
D) It has increased awareness and advocacy of cardiovascular disease prevention and early detection.

Question 40

The following are all modifiable risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT:

A) high cholesterol.
B) high blood pressure.
C) smoking.
D) heredity.

Question 41

The nicotine and carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke _____ in the blood.

A) reduce the amount of oxygen
B) increase the amount of oxygen
C) increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
D) reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 42

Smoking causes all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) damage to blood vessel walls
B) lung disease
C) inflammation of the appendix
D) cancer

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true about blood pressure?

A) The condition in which blood pressure is consistently elevated over repeated readings on different days is called hypotension.
B) High blood pressure protects both the heart and the blood vessels.
C) If blood pressure is continuously high, the heart is not working as hard as it should.
D) Blood pressure is the force with which the blood pushes against the walls of the arteries.

Question 44

In a blood pressure reading, the lowest pressure during the relaxation phase following a contraction is called _____ pressure.

A) systolic
B) diastolic
C) hypostolic
D) hyperstolic

Question 45

Diastolic pressure reflects:

A) the blood pressure in the arteries at the body's extremities.
B) the blood pressure in the arteries during aerobic exercise.
C) the highest blood pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts.
D) the lowest blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed.

Question 46

What is the normal systolic blood pressure range?

A) >120 mm Hg
B) <120 mm Hg
C) <80 mm Hg
D) >80 mm Hg

Question 47

_____ is defined as a systolic pressure at rest that averages 130 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic pressure at rest that averages 80 mm Hg or higher, or both.

A) Hypercortisolism
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypertension
D) Hypergeusia

Question 48

Stage I hypertension means having a systolic blood pressure of _____.

A) 130-139 mm Hg
B) 120-139 mm Hg
C) <120 mm Hg
D) >160 mm Hg

Question 49

What is the normal range for diastolic blood pressure?

A) >120 mm Hg
B) <120 mm Hg
C) <80 mm Hg
D) >80 mm Hg

Question 50

Stage 2 hypertension means having a diastolic blood pressure of _____.

A) <80 mm Hg
B) ?140 mm Hg
C) 80-89 mm Hg
D) 90-99 mm Hg

Question 51

Individuals with uncontrolled hypertension are at risk of all of the following health problems EXCEPT _____.

A) kidney damage
B) heart failure
C) stroke
D) appendicitis

Question 52

Which type of cholesterol functions to prevent plaque buildup in the arteries?

A) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
B) High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
C) Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
D) D-lactate dehydrogenase lipoprotein (DLDL)

Question 53

All of the following contribute to elevated cholesterol values EXCEPT:

A) high-cholesterol fat diet.
B) obesity.
C) infertility.
D) smoking.

Question 54

The fasting blood lipid test measures all of the following EXCEPT:

A) total blood cholesterol.
B) total calories.
C) LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
D) triglycerides.

Question 55

What is the recommended average ratios (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol) for young women?

A) 3.3 to 3.8
B) 3.0 to 3.5
C) 3.5 to 3.8
D) 3.5 to 4.0

Question 56

All of the following can contribute to a high blood cholesterol level EXCEPT:

A) a diet high in saturated fats.
B) obesity.
C) aerobic activity.
D) smoking.

Question 57

Obesity contributes to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) high blood pressure.
B) high blood cholesterol.
C) headache.
D) diabetes.

Question 58

_____-a fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher-is a disease in which the body does not produce or respond properly to insulin.

A) Phenylketonuria
B) Diabetes
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Dyslipidemia

Question 59

Diabetes has been linked with all of the following EXCEPT:

A) low HDL cholesterol.
B) obesity.
C) low triglycerides.
D) high blood pressure.

Question 60

All of the following are risk factors for heart attack EXCEPT:

A) scoring high on anger tests.
B) drinking too much alcohol.
C) intense cardiovascular responses to stressed conditions.
D) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about the Framingham study is NOT true?

A) Its researchers coined the term risk factor in 1961.
B) It concluded that the most influential risk factor for cardiovascular disease is heredity.
C) It has advanced our understanding of major cardiovascular disease risk factors.
D) It has increased awareness and advocacy of cardiovascular disease prevention and early detection.

Question 62

All of the following are modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke EXCEPT:

A) cigarette smoking.
B) arthritic joints.
C) high blood pressure.
D) abnormal blood lipids.

Question 63

The purpose of cardiac catheterization is:

A) to determine the extent of blockage in the coronary arteries.
B) to seal a rupture in a coronary artery.
C) to open up a blocked coronary artery.
D) to surgically remove plaque from the coronary arteries.

Question 64

All of the following are used to open blocked arteries EXCEPT:

A) coronary angioplasty.
B) coronary artery bypass graft.
C) coronary endarterectomy.
D) coronary angiography.

Question 65

What is the surgical procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a diseased, narrowed coronary artery and then inflated?

A) Coronary angioplasty
B) Coronary artery bypass graft
C) Coronary endarterectomy
D) Coronary angiography

Question 66

A carotid endarterectomy works to restore adequate blood flow to the _____.

A) heart
B) lungs
C) brain
D) liver

Question 67

When was the first human heart transplant performed?

A) 1947
B) 1957
C) 1967
D) 1977

Question 68

List and explain the six major modifiable risk factors for heart disease.

Question 69

Discuss the three types of interventions used to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. Give examples of each intervention.

Question 70

Differentiate between modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Provide three examples of each.