Deck 1: Foundations of Personal Health

Question 1

Quality of life can be explained as a subjective rating of the difference between people's hopes and expectations and their present experiences.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Many Americans are aware of important health issues but are not able to translate their knowledge into healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The traditional "medical treatment model"of the health continuum places emphasis on striving for a higher quality of life.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The current view of health is that it is multidimensional.

Question 5

The basis for leading a moral and ethical life is rooted in emotional health.

Question 6

Physical health is the predominant dimension of health and stands alone in representing one's overall health and wellness.

Question 7

The different dimensions of health exist as separate elements.

Question 8

Many health issues, including stress, mental health, nutrition, drug use, and disease, are strongly related to culture.

Question 9

In online learning, an individual controls both the learning objectives and how learning occurs.

Question 10

Most adult learning is primarily self-directed.

Question 11

Much like reference books and refereed journal articles, Internet postings undergo evaluation by experts.

Question 12

The likelihood of miscommunication when dealing with medical or health issues is small.

Question 13

Critical thinking is careful and deliberate determination of whether to accept, reject, or suspend judgment.

Question 14

Health risk is the probability that an adverse event (an outcome) will occur if one engages in a certain behavior (exposure).

Question 15

People tend to be more afraid of natural risks than human-made risks.

Question 16

Statistical correlations in population studies are based on experimental data.

Question 17

Neurologists study the disease process in populations and quantify health risk in terms of absolute risk and relative risk.

Question 18

Relative risk is the ratio of the rate of disease among those exposed to a variable compared to those not exposed or having limited exposure.

Question 19

It has become clear that the increase in chronic diseases, especially in the last 50-60 years, is tied primarily to one's profession.

Question 20

Attitudes, beliefs, and values regarding our personal health are shaped by our personalities.

Question 21

A health behavior theory is a conceptual framework of important factors or variables that are thought to influence health behavior.

Question 22

People are more afraid of a risk they choose to take than one imposed on them.

Question 23

Most people only recognize the importance of health:

A) as they grow older.
B) when illness or disease affects a family member.
C) when they are sick or injured.
D) when they feel especially good.

Question 24

Quality of life refers to:

A) one's ability to afford the better things in life.
B) one's realization of hopes and expectations.
C) the relationship between personal satisfaction and longevity.
D) an overall sense of well-being.

Question 25

The contemporary perspective on health is that it is:

A) a state of optimal functioning.
B) the ability to enjoy life to the fullest.
C) a goal that people continually work toward throughout their lives.
D) an achievement of the highest level of physical and emotional fitness.

Question 26

Nonmodifiable factors that may influence our health include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) heredity.
B) age.
C) gender.
D) weight.

Question 27

The most important factors involved in good health are those associated with:

A) emotional stability.
B) a proactive approach.
C) a healthy diet.
D) lifestyle.

Question 28

How well one is able to perform the activities of daily living without undue fatigue is indicative of the _____ dimension of health.

A) physical
B) social
C) emotional
D) intellectual

Question 29

The intellectual dimension of health can be explained as the ability to:

A) interact with others.
B) process information and act appropriately.
C) cope, adjust, and adapt.
D) question and evaluate information.

Question 30

The _____ dimension of health involves being able to learn from a variety of experiences and being open to new ideas.

A) social
B) spiritual
C) emotional
D) intellectual

Question 31

The ability to deal constructively with personal feelings, handle stress, and live independently is representative of the _____ dimension of health.

A) social
B) spiritual
C) emotional
D) intellectual

Question 32

Commitment to a set of values that guide one's actions is indicative of the _____ dimension of health.

A) social
B) spiritual
C) emotional
D) intellectual

Question 33

Each dimension of health contributes to the overall _____ of the whole.

A) balance, quality, and strength
B) well-being
C) form
D) integrity

Question 34

Advertisers shape consumer desire and product value by presenting products as having the power to change buyers into:

A) more desirable people.
B) the people they want to be.
C) the by-products of our society.
D) healthy consumers.

Question 35

Advertising gives us the impression that lifestyles can be _____.

A) purchased
B) static
C) unimportant
D) innate

Question 36

Frauds and hoaxes in the health market are still _____.

A) rare
B) commonplace
C) hidden
D) unknown

Question 37

Which of the following is true of self-directed learning?

A) The government controls the means of learning.
B) The learning objectives are laid down by the educational institution chosen by an individual.
C) The Internet is a rich resource for a self-directed, tech savvy learner.
D) Most adult learning is assisted and not self-directed.

Question 38

The Health on the Net (HON) icon on a website indicates that the health information provided on that site is:

A) misleading.
B) reliable, credible, and trustworthy.
C) government sponsored.
D) university sponsored.

Question 39

Pondering the "why" questions is known as _____ thinking.

A) abstract
B) critical
C) conceptual
D) theoretical

Question 40

When teachers drill students on recalling facts, or when students sit in silence without asking questions, _____ thinking is not involved.

A) abstract
B) critical
C) conceptual
D) theoretical

Question 41

The non-Hispanic White population of the United States showed a growth of _____ percent over the last decade.

A) 11
B) 29
C) 33
D) 2

Question 42

Of all the college students in the United States, _____ percent are women.

A) 30
B) 45
C) 50
D) 57

Question 43

To assess the impact of behavior on health, it is important to understand what a _____ is and how to interpret it.

A) health plan
B) health risk
C) health status
D) health concept

Question 44

Any factor that increases susceptibility to or has a strong association with the occurrence, onset, or progression of a disease
Or injury is known as a _____.

A) health risk
B) self-concept
C) social status
D) problem

Question 45

People tend to have a greater fear of radiation from cell phones than from _____, which actually presents a much greater risk.

A) terrorism
B) the sun
C) nuclear power
D) tanning beds

Question 46

The "times-greater chance" a person has of acquiring a specific negative health effect based on the extent to which a certain variable is present is called _____.

A) health risk
B) a risk factor
C) variable risk
D) relative risk

Question 47

The annual death rate from lung cancer among people who smoke is approximately _____ deaths per 100,000 people per year.

A) 40
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70

Question 48

The annual death rate from lung cancer among nonsmokers is _____ deaths per 100,000 people.

A) 2.5
B) 3.5
C) 6.5
D) 10

Question 49

Life expectancy for an American born in 1900 was less than _____.

A) 80
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70

Question 50

Since 1900, infant mortality has decreased _____ percent and maternal mortality 99 percent.

A) 70
B) 82
C) 90
D) 65

Question 51

Public health advances that have been translated into public policy include school immunization rules and:

A) better health care services in rural areas.
B) slower speed limits.
C) voter age restrictions.
D) seat belt laws.

Question 52

Disease-causing microbes that are an increasing threat to food supplies and health are known as _____.

A) pathogens
B) vaccines
C) strep
D) cancer

Question 53

The two main conditions that develop in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are:

A) eczema and bronchitis.
B) cancer and hernia.
C) heart disease and stress.
D) emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Question 54

Medical conditions that are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely are called _____.

A) pathogens
B) chronic diseases
C) preventable diseases
D) non-preventable diseases

Question 55

National estimates indicate that about _____ percent of instances of disease and premature death are the result of unhealthy lifestyles.

A) 5
B) 50
C) 20
D) 80

Question 56

The second greatest cause of mortality in the United States is _____, responsible for an estimated 450,000 deaths per year.

A) obesity
B) drug use
C) alcohol use
D) tobacco use

Question 57

For Americans in the age group 20-29, the leading cause of death is:

A) unintentional injury.
B) drinking.
C) drug use.
D) tobacco use.

Question 58

Many of us have good intentions about changing a bad habit or adopting a healthy behavior. The challenge is:

A) when to do it.
B) why we should do it.
C) how to do it.
D) who will help us do it.

Question 59

Psychologists have developed _____ to explain individual behavior change and better understand people's health habits.

A) social cognitive theories
B) health care theories
C) health behavior theories
D) health care guidelines

Question 60

Which of the following theories is based on the principle that behavior is dynamic, depending on individual and environmental factors, all of which influence one another simultaneously?

A) Social cognitive theory
B) Health care theory
C) Health behavior theory
D) Health care guidelines

Question 61

The health belief model of _____ was developed to understand why so few people participated in health screening programs such as mammograms for breast cancer.

A) Irwin Rosenstock
B) Alfred Adler
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Albert Bandura

Question 62

Which of the following is the central premise of the stages of change model?

A) Behavior change is a process.
B) Individuals have varying levels of motivation.
C) Readiness to change is constant across all individuals.
D) Relapse to a previous stage is impossible.

Question 63

The stages of change model was initially developed in order to understand:

A) smoking cessation programs.
B) weight loss programs.
C) fitness programs.
D) eating disorders.

Question 64

Explain the modern concept of health.

Question 65

Explain the term "relative risk"
and what it involves.

Question 66

What is the overall mission of Healthy People 2020?

Question 67

In the current version of the health belief model, five factors appear to be central in influencing people's decisions about whether to take action to prevent, screen for, or manage a medical condition. Identify three of the factors.

Question 68

Explain James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente's stages of change model.