Deck 2: The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Profession in Historical Perspective

Question 1

A counselor who practices from a ________________ encourages clients to implement strength-based, solution -focused patterns of living, which enables clients to live their life rather than their diagnosis.

A) Wellness perspective
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Adlerian
D) Behavioral

Answer 1

Wellness perspective

Question 2

Which of the following ancient philosophers theorized that abnormal behavior was related to the relative balance of four bodily fluids?

A) Hippocrates
B) Aristotle
C) Plato
D) Cicero

Answer 2

Hippocrates

Question 3

Which of the following early philosophers is known as the Father of Medicine?

A) Epictetus
B) Epicurius
C) St. Augustine
D) Hippocrates

Answer 3

Hippocrates

Question 4

Which of the following early viewpoints would most likely have originated with Plato?

A) Persons with madness are societal concerns that require a community response.
B) The goal of life is the pursuit of happiness. Nothing else matters.
C) Madness is best treated through spiritual interventions.
D) All forms of madness are psychologically-based.

Question 5

What was the primary purpose for administering the water test?

A) Assessing the relative balance of the four bodily fluids.
B) An early way of determining addiction to alcohol.
C) Determining who was in league with the devil.
D) A spiritual ritual used to treat those with physical ailments.

Question 6

Which of the following persons played critical roles in the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill?

A) Phillipe Pinél
B) Benjamin Rush
C) Dorothea Dix
D) all of the above

Question 7

A key milestone that lead to the application of the medical model in treating mental illness was the discovery of a physical cause and treatment for:

A) hysteria
B) schizophrenia
C) paresis
D) neurosis

Question 8

Which of the following contributions to the mental health professions was made by Emil Kraepelin?

A) use of hypnosis in the treatment of mental illness
B) established the first psychology laboratory
C) authored the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
D) developed the first detailed classification system of mental illness

Question 9

What was the primary interest of early psychologists?

A) the study of sensation and perception
B) treatment of mental illness
C) promotion of mental health
D) reform of asylums

Question 10

The Boston Vocational Bureau was established by:

A) Frank Parsons
B) Edward Strong
C) Carl Rogers
D) Clark Hull

Question 11

Which of the following texts was written by Clifford Beers?

A) Childhood and Society
B) A Mind that Found Itself
C) How to Counsel Students
D) Aptitude Testing

Question 12

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the views of Carl Rogers?

A) The therapeutic relationship can provide the essential ingredients for personal growth.
B) Most psychological disorders are a function of faulty learning.
C) Ambiguous stimuli are quite useful in understanding the basis of a person's emotional distress.
D) Most psychological disorders are best treated when all family members are involved in the treatment process.

Question 13

Which of the following events created a boundary between psychologists and counselors?

A) the practice of vocational counseling
B) Veterans Administration funding of doctoral-level internships only
C) counselors lack of a unified professional organization
D) prescription of medication

Question 14

What was a major consequence of the passage of the Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963?

A) Counselors became providers of care in community mental health centers.
B) Required application of medication in the treatment of the mentally ill.
C) Limiting community mental services to the severely disordered only.
D) A significant increase in the population of inpatient facilities.

Question 15

Which of the following organizations was formed to develop accreditation standards for graduate programs in counseling?

A) CACREP
B) APA
C) ACA
D) AMHCA

Question 16

When was the American Counseling Association (ACA) created?

A) 1947
B) 1952
C) 1963
D) 1976

Question 17

When was the American Mental Health Counselors Association formed?

A) 1963
B) 1976
C) 1979
D) 1981

Question 18

Which of the following states was first to pass a counselor licensure law?

A) New York
B) Illinois
C) Virginia
D) Michigan

Question 19

Discuss the ways in which knowledge of the history of the mental health professions contributes to the establishment of a professional identity.

Question 20

Identify what you see as the three defining events in the development of the mental health counseling profession. Why, specifically, do you see these particular events as being so critical to the development of the profession?

Question 21

In what ways does your understanding of the history of the mental health counseling professions help you to understand the current issues that help and hinder the public's recognition of counselors as legitimate providers of mental health services?