Deck 45: Antimicrobial Agents

Question 1

On what is the selection of an antimicrobial agent based?

A) Sensitivity of the microorganism to the drug
B) Half-life of the medication
C) Therapeutic levels of the drug
D) Bioavailability of the drug

Answer 1

Sensitivity of the microorganism to the drug

Question 2

The nurse will monitor patients on cephalosporins and loop diuretics for which adverse effect?

A) Hepatic toxicity
B) Ototoxicity
C) Nephrotoxicity
D) Splenotoxicity

Answer 2

Nephrotoxicity

Question 3

A patient allergic to penicillin is being evaluated for a gram-negative infection.Which antimicrobial drug class would the health care provider be cautious in prescribing because of a possible cross sensitivity and/or allergic reaction?

A) Cephalosporins
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Sulfonamides
D) Quinolones

Answer 3

Cephalosporins

Question 4

Which drug is incompatible with heparin?

A) Gentamicin
B) Ampicillin (Unasyn)
C) Ticarcillin (Timentin)
D) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Question 5

Which conditions may occur with the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics over an extended period of time?

A) Cross sensitivity
B) Immunosuppression
C) Secondary infection
D) Immunity

Question 6

Which patient can safely be treated with a fluoroquinolone medication?

A) A 40 year old on steroid therapy
B) A 15 year old with a sore throat
C) A 70 year old with a gait abnormality
D) A 30 year old with a fractured tibia

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a patient being treated with an antimicrobial agent for the diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection.Which statement made by the patient shows a need for further education?

A) "I will use a barrier method when having sexual intercourse during therapy."
B) "I will increase fluid intake to 2000 to 3000 mL/day."
C) "I will increase protein in my diet."
D) "I will rest frequently."

Question 8

The nurse is planning to administer an ertapenem IV to a patient in the intensive care unit.When preparing this medication,the nurse will consider reconstituting it with

A) water.
B) bacteriostatic water.
C) 0.9% sodium chloride.
D) 0.45% dextrose.
E) 1% lidocaine.

Question 9

The health care provider has prescribed penicillin and probenecid for a patient with a sexually transmitted disease.What is the purpose of combining these medications?

A) To accelerate the excretion of the penicillin
B) To inhibit the absorption of penicillin to allow the drug to remain in the transport phase
C) To inhibit the excretion of the penicillin
D) To reduce toxic effects associated with penicillin

Question 10

A patient is scheduled to take tetracycline and aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)at the same time.When will the nurse administer the medications to achieve the optimal effects?

A) Both medications together
B) Amphojel 30 minutes before tetracycline
C) Tetracycline with orange juice
D) Tetracycline 1 hour before Amphojel

Question 11

A patient is admitted with glomerulonephritis.IV gentamicin therapy is started after cultures indicate gram-negative bacilli in the blood.The patient also receives IV furosemide (Lasix).The nurse will monitor for signs and symptoms of toxicity related to which organ?

A) Kidneys
B) Pancreas
C) Liver
D) Brain

Question 12

Which drug is the cornerstone of treatment for prophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB)?

A) Amphotericin B (Abelcet)
B) Streptomycin (Streptomycin)
C) Isoniazid (Nydrazid)
D) Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Question 13

An older adult with a history of asthma,rhinitis,and no known drug allergies has been admitted to receive IV antimicrobial therapy for bronchitis.The patient has received the oral form of the antimicrobial agent in the past.Which factors increase the risk for an allergic reaction?

A) Medical history of asthma
B) The patient's age
C) IV antimicrobial therapy
D) Medical history of rhinitis
E) Subsequent use of the same antimicrobial therapy

Question 14

Which drugs may reach toxic blood levels if administered with macrolide antibiotics?

A) Benzodiazepines
B) Digoxin
C) NSAIDs
D) HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
E) Diuretics
F) Theophylline

Question 15

An older adult who has septicemia is receiving IV aminoglycoside therapy.Which symptom is most important for the nurse to monitor?

A) Bone marrow suppression
B) Ototoxicity
C) Gastrointestinal (GI) distress
D) Photosensitivity

Question 16

What adverse effect may manifest as dizziness,tinnitus,and progressive hearing loss?

A) Ear infection
B) Drug allergy
C) Ototoxicity
D) Idiosyncratic reaction

Question 17

A patient has been receiving home health care and IV antimicrobial therapy for osteomyelitis (infection of the bone)of the lower right leg for the past 4 weeks.What will the nurse assess to evaluate the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent?

A) Pain of the right leg
B) Patient temperature
C) Presence of edema, redness, or swelling in the right lower leg
D) Culture and sensitivity parameters at the drug completion
E) Complete blood count (CBC) and sedimentation rate laboratory values