Deck 4: Gender: Identity, Roles, and Differences

Question 1

Regarding sexual development, which of the following statements best characterizes what a parent is most likely to see in an ultrasound taken during the first six weeks of prenatal development?

A) A parent will be able to see the early development of a penis for males.
B) A parent will begin to see primitive sexual structures, starting with the scrotum for males and the labia for females.
C) A parent will see primitive genital structures that cannot yet be distinguished as male or female.
D) A parent will see the development of female internal and external genitalia for both males and females.

Answer 1

A parent will see primitive genital structures that cannot yet be distinguished as male or female.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is most accurate about the prenatal development of female sexual structures?

A) Female internal genitalia develop in the presence of MIS, but female external genitalia require the suppression of testosterone to develop.
B) Female internal and external genitalia develop in the presence of MIS.
C) Female internal genitalia develop with high levels of female hormones, but female external genitalia develop by default.
D) Female internal and external genitalia develop in the absence of hormones leading to male
Differentiation and not due to the presence of female hormones.

Answer 2

Female internal and external genitalia develop in the absence of hormones leading to male
Differentiation and not due to the presence of female hormones.

Question 3

Billy feels as though he was possesses the body of the wrong (anatomic sex). He desires to live as a member of the other anatomic sex. He is a __________.

A) transgender
B) homosexual
C) heterosexual
D) lesbian

Answer 3

transgender

Question 4

Which of the following statements about gender reassignment is true?

A) Gender reassignment surgery is reversible.
B) Male-to-female trans receive estrogen.
C) Female-to-male trans receive estrogen.
D) Hormones are given on a short, interim basis.

Question 5

The surgical creation of a new penis is called?

A) Phalloplasty
B) Autogynephilic
C) Androgen-insensitivity
D) Hyperplasia

Question 6

The tendency to help women because they are the "weaker sex" is __________.

A) gender role assignment.
B) rampant sexism.
C) benevolent sexism.
D) modern sexism.

Question 7

Which is an example of a stereotype that exists about gender roles and sexual behaviors?

A) Women are expected to have a higher number of sexual partners than men do.
B) Women are supposed to let male partners determine the choice, timing, and sequence of sexual positions and techniques.
C) Men are supposed to let woman partners determine the choice, timing, and sequence of sexual positions and techniques.
D) Men are expected to have a lower number of sexual partners than men do.

Question 8

Which factors may account for the differences between males and females in regards to verbal abilities?

A) Boys rely more on verbal skills to interact with people.
B) Parents talk more to their infant daughters than their infant sons.
C) Reading is generally considered a masculine activity.
D) Parents talk more to their infant sons than their infant daughters.

Question 9

According to research, which of the following statements is true?

A) Males are somewhat superior to females in verbal ability.
B) Males are somewhat superior to females in visual-spatial skills.
C) Males (in the United States and Canada) seem to acquire language faster than females, utter their first word sooner, and develop larger vocabularies.
D) Girls begin to outperform boys on many types of visual-spatial tasks starting at age 8 or 9.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about differences in personality?

A) There is a level playing field in society for both boys and girls.
B) Parents tend to prefer to have boys.
C) Studies show there are no personality differences between males and females.
D) Men report higher levels of anxiety than females.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true about differences in social behavior?

A) Research shows that females tend to dominate classroom discussions unless teachers take steps to encourage gender equity in the classroom
B) Men are more willing than men to disclose their feelings and personal experiences.
C) As girls mature, it appears that they often learn to "take a backseat" to boys and let the boys do most of the talking when they are in mixed-gender groups.
D) There are no differences between male and female interest in sex.

Question 12

According to a meta-analysis of the research literature, males tend to exceed females in __________.

A) extraversion, assertiveness, and self-esteem.
B) assertiveness, extraversion, and tough-mindedness.
C) extraversion, anxiety, trust, and nurturance.
D) assertiveness, tough-mindedness, and self-esteem.

Question 13

Which of the following reflects the finding in cross-species research?

A) Male rhesus juveniles and boys are more likely than female rhesus juveniles and girls to engage in rough and tough play.
B) Female rhesus monkeys and girls showed consistent, strong preferences for wheeled toys.
C) Male monkeys and girls showed greater flexibility in preferences, sometimes playing with plush toys and sometimes playing with wheeled toys.
D) Female rhesus juveniles and girls are more like than male rhesus juveniles and boys to engage in rough and tough play.

Question 14

In psychoanalytic theory, the process of incorporating within ourselves our perceptions of the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings of others.

A) emancipation
B) individualism
C) Oedipus complex
D) identification

Question 15

A cluster of mental representations about male and female physical qualities, behaviors and personality traits.

A) gender confusion
B) gender stability
C) gender constancy
D) gender schema

Question 16

A state characterized by possession of both stereotypical masculine traits and stereotypical feminine traits.

A) gender confusion
B) physical androgyny
C) gender stability
D) psychological androgyny

Question 17

Transgender individuals wish to possess the anatomic features of people of the other sex and live as a person of the other anatomic sex.

Question 18

A study based on state and federal data estimates that there are about 14,000 trans individuals in the United States.

Question 19

The cultural expectation that men are initiators and women are gatekeepers is embedded within the larger stereotype that men are sexually aggressive and women are sexually passive.

Question 20

The terms third gender or third sex have been used to describe individuals that are transsexual.

Question 21

More women than men earn bachelor's degrees in biology, education, and psychology.

Question 22

Men are two times more likely to bachelor's degrees in mathematics.

Question 23

Developmentally speaking, children acquire awareness of gender-role stereotypes beginning at age 7.

Question 24

A gender schema is a cluster of mental representations about masculine and feminine physical qualities, behaviors, and personality traits.

Question 25

Psychological androgyny is a state characterized by possession of both stereotypical masculine traits and stereotypical feminine traits.

Question 26

Nurturance and cooperation are consistent with the masculine stereotype.

Question 27

List some of the less-than-scientific ideas that have been proposed to account for sexual differentiation.

Question 28

List some of the development that occurs during the first six weeks of prenatal development.

Question 29

List the genes that have an impact on sexual differentiation.

Question 30

List what the Wolffian duct develops into.

Question 31

List what the Müllerian duct evolves into.

Question 32

Define cryptorchidism and how it might be treated.

Question 33

Describe Klinefelter syndrome.

Question 34

Given an example of what someone with Turner syndrome experiences.

Question 35

Differentiate between what it means to be intersexual and hermaphrodite.

Question 36

Explain the differences that may exist between girls with partial androgen-insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) or complete androgen-insensitivity syndrome (CAIS).

Question 37

Describe Dominican Republic syndrome.

Question 38

Describe what it means to be transgendered.

Question 39

List some facts about general reassignment.

Question 40

List two stereotypes of males and females that are opposite of each other.

Question 41

List two types of sexism that remains prevalent.

Question 42

Describe how sexist attitudes can be modified.

Question 43

What are the assumptions about sexual behavior in males and females?

Question 44

What is third gender/third sex?

Question 45

Describe some of the gender differences that exist in verbal ability.

Question 46

Describe some of the gender differences that exist in visual-spatial abilities.

Question 47

Describe some of the gender differences that exist in mathematical ability.

Question 48

List some of the gender differences in personality that exist between males and females.

Question 49

As far as social behavior, how do males and females differ in sexuality?

Question 50

As far as social behavior, how do males and females differ in aggressiveness?

Question 51

As far as social behavior, how do males and females differ in willingness to seek health care?

Question 52

List the four psychological perspective theories from this chapter.

Question 53

What is the Oedipus complex and who identified this view?

Question 54

Describe how the external sex organs develop from undifferentiated to distinctly different in the womb.

Question 55

Describe the role of sex hormones in sex differentiation.

Question 56

Describe the different abnormalities that can occur within sex chromosomes and what each of the syndromes are called.

Question 57

Describe the effects of nature and nurture in gender identity.

Question 58

Discuss how far medical technology has come in sex reassignment surgery, and what it is lacking.

Question 59

Describe some of the stereotypical gender role traits described in this chapter. How do stereotypes play into sexism?

Question 60

Describe the differences in verbal, visual-spatial, and mathematical ability for males and females.

Question 61

Discuss gender differences in personality.

Question 62

Discuss gender differences in sexuality, aggressiveness, and willingness to seek health care.

Question 63

Describe the gender differences which have been noted in social behavior.

Question 64

Describe the difference between gender stability and gender constancy.

Question 65

Discuss the biological perspectives on gender typing.

Question 66

Discuss how roles of men and women are part of evolution.

Question 67

Discuss the role of the brain in gender differences.

Question 68

Describe the Psychoanalytic Theory and apply it to an example.

Question 69

Discuss the Cognitive-Development Theory and apply it to an example.

Question 70

Discuss the Gender Schema Theory.

Question 71

Define psychological androgyny and discuss its possible advantages.