Deck 16: Cardiovascular and Stroke Emergencies

Question 1

A condition in which fatty substances and other debris are deposited on the arterial walls is:

A) arteriosclerosis.
B) atherosclerosis.
C) myocardial infarction.
D) angina pectoris.

Answer 1

atherosclerosis.

Question 2

Arteriosclerosis is often referred to as:

A) congestive heart failure.
B) pulmonary edema.
C) angina pectoris.
D) hardening of the arteries.

Answer 2

hardening of the arteries.

Question 3

Myocardial infarction refers to the death of the:

A) pericardium.
B) myocardium.
C) epicardium.
D) endometrium.

Answer 3

myocardium.

Question 4

Arteriosclerosis occurs when arteries lose their:

A) shape.
B) size.
C) elasticity.
D) oxygen.

Question 5

In a heart attack, the common structures that cause the problems are:

A) capillaries.
B) veins.
C) arteries.
D) skin.

Question 6

Pulmonary edema results from ________ leaking out of the capillaries into the surrounding lung tissue.

A) red blood cells
B) plasma
C) sugar
D) nutrients

Question 7

Angina pectoris literally means:

A) hardening of the arteries.
B) pain in the chest.
C) coronary artery disease.
D) heart attack.

Question 8

Angina pectoris occurs when the heart's demand for ________ is greater than what it is receiving.

A) sugar
B) oxygenated blood
C) nutrients
D) stimulus

Question 9

Which of the following is True about angina pectoris?

A) Angina is an unrelenting feeling of pain or discomfort.
B) Angina is a brief feeling of pain or discomfort.
C) Angina produces permanent damage to the heart.
D) Angina is often fatal.

Question 10

The most common sign of angina pectoris is:

A) palpitations.
B) nausea and/or vomiting.
C) dyspnea.
D) chest pain.

Question 11

Stable angina pectoris usually appears suddenly and is associated with:

A) improper nutrition.
B) smoking/lung disease.
C) physical exertion.
D) respiratory complications.

Question 12

The most dramatic sign of progressing congestive heart failure is:

A) anxiety.
B) rapid heart rate.
C) paleness or cyanosis.
D) pulmonary edema.

Question 13

Which of the following conditions is most likely to produce cardiac tissue death?

A) respiratory infection
B) overexertion
C) indigestion
D) myocardial infarction

Question 14

A condition in which plasma seeps out of the capillaries into the lungs due to pressure from a failing heart is:

A) pulmonary edema.
B) myocardial infarction.
C) congestive heart failure.
D) coronary artery disease.

Question 15

When the blood supply to the heart is significantly reduced or stopped, the result is:

A) pulmonary edema.
B) congestive heart failure.
C) angina pectoris.
D) myocardial infarction.

Question 16

Generally, the best way to relieve angina pectoris is to:

A) rest.
B) take aspirin.
C) exercise.
D) control your diet.

Question 17

If an adult has had a heart attack and his/her pulse is absent, you should:

A) start CPR.
B) start rescue breathing.
C) sit him/her up to breathe.
D) place him/her in the recovery position.

Question 18

To treat a responsive cardiac victim, activate the EMS system, then:

A) give the victim nitroglycerin.
B) immediately remove all restrictive clothing.
C) perform an initial assessment.
D) lie the victim down.

Question 19

If the responsive cardiac victim is able (and has no allergies or contraindications), encourage them to chew:

A) two low-dose baby aspirin.
B) two adult aspirin.
C) two enteric-coated aspirin.
D) one enteric-coated aspirin.

Question 20

Which of the following is True concerning a thrombus stroke?

A) 20 percent of all strokes are thrombus strokes.
B) 40 percent of all strokes are thrombus strokes.
C) 60 percent of all strokes are thrombus strokes.
D) 80 percent of all strokes are thrombus strokes.

Question 21

The characteristics of a stroke depend on:

A) the cause, location and severity of the stroke.
B) the age, gender and ethnicity of the victim.
C) the time of day, prior medical conditions and age of the victim.
D) the age of the victim, any history of prior cardiac problems and time of day.

Question 22

Approximately 20 percent of all strokes are caused by:

A) embolus.
B) hemorrhage.
C) thrombus.
D) compression.

Question 23

A transient ischemic attack is:

A) a "mini" heart attack.
B) a brief spell, similar to a stroke.
C) an episode of shortness of breath.
D) a condition just before a myocardial infarction.

Question 24

Which of the following is not associated with TIAs (transient ischemic attacks)?

A) blindness in one eye
B) temporary paralysis of the face
C) slurred speech
D) nausea or vomiting

Question 25

Which of the following statements about cerebral embolisms is True?

A) Of all strokes, cerebral embolisms have the most rapid onset.
B) Cerebral embolisms often occur in the elderly.
C) Cerebral embolisms are most common with existing lung disease.
D) Cerebral embolisms have the highest death rate of all strokes.

Question 26

Because of its dramatic nature, 80 percent of the victims of this form of stroke die.

A) thrombus
B) hemorrhage
C) embolus
D) compression

Question 27

A stroke that produces a sudden excruciating headache followed by a rapid loss of consciousness, and coma is caused by:

A) embolus.
B) compression.
C) cerebral hemorrhage.
D) thrombus.

Question 28

You should position the conscious victim of a stroke:

A) on his back with head and shoulders slightly raised.
B) on his back with head turned to one side.
C) on his side, paralyzed side up.
D) on his back with feet raised.

Question 29

Which of the following is not a sign/symptom of a stroke?

A) one-sided face droop
B) slurred speech
C) one dilated pupil
D) chest pain

Question 30

A 60-year-old male is walking to the kitchen and suddenly clutches his head and collapses to the floor. He is unable to move his right arm and cannot speak. He has most likely suffered a:

A) heart attack.
B) transient ischemic attack.
C) angina pectoris.
D) stroke.

Question 31

Heart attacks and associated heart disease are the number-one killer of adults in the United States today.

Question 32

Because of the critical nature of heart disease emergencies, you should treat every adult with chest pain as a heart attack victim until proven otherwise.

Question 33

Atherosclerosis is a disease condition in which the arteries lose their elasticity.

Question 34

It is difficult for a First Aider to tell the difference between the pain of angina pectoris and the pain of a heart attack.

Question 35

Twenty-five percent of all myocardial infarction victims have no chest pain at all.

Question 36

Silent myocardial infarctions are commonly seen in women, diabetics, and the elderly.

Question 37

If you are in doubt about whether the victim is having an angina attack or a myocardial infarction, treat it as if it were a heart attack.

Question 38

Heart attack is the same as cardiac arrest.

Question 39

You should not allow a victim to move on his or her own if you suspect myocardial infarction.

Question 40

It is crucial to determine at the scene the kind of stroke that occurred because first aid care will differ according to the cause of the stroke.

Question 41

If the victim of a stroke develops difficulty breathing or becomes unconscious, turn him/her on his/her side with the paralyzed side up.

Question 42

A victim of a stroke can be given water to drink.

Question 43

A conscious victim of a stroke may not be able to speak, but can still understand and hear you speak.

Question 44

A transient ischemic attack may precede a thrombotic stroke.

Question 45

A stroke should be treated as an emergency just like a heart attack.