Deck 1: History of and Professional Identity in Clinical Mental Health Counseling

Question 1

The story of a young man who rescued people from a river illustrates what key component of counseling?

A) Counseling emphasizes intervention wherever possible.
B) Counseling focuses on prevention wherever possible.
C) Counseling avoids altering people's environments.
D) Counseling is a profession for altruists.

Answer 1

Counseling focuses on prevention wherever possible.

Question 2

Which of the following terms was devised in the mid- to late-1970s to identify counseling activities that took place outside of educational settings?

A) Clinical mental health counseling
B) School guidance and counseling
C) Mental health counseling
D) Community counseling

Answer 2

Community counseling

Question 3

Which of the following divisions of the American Personnel and Guidance Association was established for mental health counselors?

A) American Community Counselors Association
B) American Clinical Mental Health Counseling Association
C) American Mental Health Counselors Association
D) American Counseling Association

Answer 3

American Mental Health Counselors Association

Question 4

Counseling initially developed from a humanitarian concern to improve people's lives in communities affected by

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) Sputnik I
D) The Industrial Revolution

Question 5

Which of the following individuals founded Boston's Vocational Bureau and is considered the "founder of guidance?"

A) Frank Parsons
B) Jesse B. Davis
C) Clifford Beers
D) Hannah Stone

Question 6

Which of the following individuals was the first to establish a systematized guidance program in the public schools?

A) Frank Parsons
B) Jesse B. Davis
C) Clifford Beers
D) Hannah Stone

Question 7

Who wrote the book, A Mind That Found Itself?

A) Frank Parsons
B) Jesse B. Davis
C) Clifford Beers
D) Hannah Stone

Question 8

The first national professional organization in the counseling field was called the

A) National Vocational Guidance Association
B) American Personnel and Guidance Association
C) American Counseling Association
D) American Mental Health Association

Question 9

The flagship journal of the American Counseling Association is the

A) Counseling Psychologist
B) Journal of Counseling and Development
C) Journal of Professional Counseling
D) Journal of Mental Health Counseling

Question 10

Which of the following statements reflects the influence of World War I on the development of the profession of counseling?

A) As a result of World War I, a greater emphasis in testing emerged, and psychometrics became a popular movement.
B) Due to the war efforts, World War I halted the development of counseling for a season.
C) World War I had little impact on the development of counseling.
D) World War I hastened the need for counselors and psychologists to train and help select specialists for the military and other industry.

Question 11

Which of the following statements reflects the influence of World War II on the development of the profession of counseling?

A) As a result of World War II, a greater emphasis in testing emerged, and psychometrics became a popular movement.
B) Due to the war efforts, World War II halted the development of counseling for a season.
C) World War II had little impact on the development of counseling.
D) World War II hastened the need for counselors and psychologists to train and help select specialists for the military and other industry.

Question 12

Which of the following individuals formulated the first theory of counseling?

A) Clifford Beers
B) Frank Parsons
C) Carl Rogers
D) E. G. Williamson

Question 13

The first theory of counseling stated that people had aptitudes, interests, and achievements called ______________ that could be combined in a variety of ways to form constellations of individual characteristics called ______________.

A) Traits; Factors
B) Factors; Traits
C) Schemas; Cognitions
D) Cognitions; Schemas

Question 14

Which of the following individuals challenged the directive, counselor-centered approach and the major tenets of Freudian psychoanalysis with a non-directive, person-centered approach to counseling?

A) Edward Thorndike
B) John Brewer
C) Albert Ellis
D) Carl Rogers

Question 15

The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) was enacted in reaction to what event?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) The launching of Sputnik I by the Soviet Union
D) The Great Depression

Question 16

What did the 1963 Community Mental Health Centers Act authorize?

A) The establishment of mental health centers in community colleges.
B) The establishment of a nationwide system of community mental health centers.
C) Funds for research and training to prevent and treat mental health disorders.
D) Stipends and paid internships for students engaged in graduate counseling studies.

Question 17

The first state to adopt a professional counselor licensure law was

A) Arkansas
B) Alabama
C) California
D) Virginia

Question 18

Which of the following was formed in the 1980s to standardize counselor training and accredit counseling programs?

A) APA
B) APGA
C) CACREP
D) NBCC

Question 19

What occurred as a result of the growth of managed care organizations in the 1990s?

A) The number of independent counselors decreased.
B) Many counselors became providers for health maintenance organizations (HMOs).
C) The number of sessions a counselor could offer under managed health care plans decreased.
D) All of the above.

Question 20

Which of the following statements reflect(s) an impetus for forming the taskforce, 20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling?

A) To address the issue of professional identity.
B) To advance the future of counseling.
C) To increase unity within the profession.
D) All of the above.

Question 21

Which of the following refers to the philosophy, training model, and scope of practice that characterize a particular profession?

A) Professional credentialing
B) Therapeutic professionalism
C) Professional identity
D) Professional affiliation

Question 22

_________________ represents a specialty area within the school of medicine?

A) Psychiatry
B) Social Work
C) Clinical Psychology
D) Professional Counseling

Question 23

What is the purpose of the National Fair Access Coalition on Testing (FACT)?

A) To ensure multicultural sensitivity in test construction and administration
B) To advocate for equitable access to testing services for all appropriately trained professionals who have demonstrated competence in administering and interpreting assessment instruments.
C) To ensure that all mental health professionals, regardless of training, have access to psychological tests.
D) None of the above.

Question 24

Which of the following mental health professions is represented by Division 17 of the APA?

A) Professional Counseling
B) Clinical Psychology
C) Counseling Psychology
D) Psychiatry

Question 25

The definition of counseling reached by the task group, 20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling, includes all of the following except

A) Counseling is a dynamic, lively, and engaging process
B) Counselors promote wellness
C) Counseling is diverse and multicultural
D) All of the above are included in the definition

Question 26

In which court case did a judge rule that a counselor with a doctoral degree could not be held liable for the suicide of one of his clients because counselors were "mere teachers" who received training in a department of education?

A) Weldon v Virginia State Board of Psychologists Examiners
B) Bogust v. Iverson
C) Tarasoff v. University of California - Berkeley
D) Iowa Law Review Note

Question 27

All of the following are benefits of national counseling certification except?

A) It ensures that counselors, rather than independent state legislators, set the national standards and minimum requirements for being a professional counselor.
B) It provides referral sources and networking opportunities across state lines.
C) It regulates professional practice.
D) All of the above are benefits of national counseling certification.

Question 28

_______________ is the international honor society for professional counselors, counselor educators, and students in counselor education programs.

A) Psi Chi
B) American Mental Health Counseling Student Organization
C) Chi Sigma Iota
D) Upsilon Psi Sigma

Question 29

Which of the following counseling credentials is offered by NBCC?

A) National Certified Counselor (NCC)
B) Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC)
C) Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC)
D) National Clinical Mental Health Counselor (NCMHC)

Question 30

Which of the following legally recognized counselors as professionals who provided personal as well as vocational and educational counseling?

A) Weldon v. Virginia State Board of Psychologists Examiners
B) Iowa Law Review Note
C) Bogust v. Iverson
D) Tarasoff v. University of California - Berkeley

Question 31

Which court judgment stated that counseling was a profession distinct from psychology?

A) Weldon v. Virginia State Board of Psychologists Examiners
B) Iowa Law Review Note
C) Bogust v. Iverson
D) Tarasoff v. University of California - Berkeley

Question 32

_______________ certifies clinical mental health counselors who have met requirements in training, professional counseling experience, and performance on the NCE.

A) The American Counseling Association (ACA)
B) The National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC)
C) American Mental Health Counseling Association
D) Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

Question 33

Identify three noteworthy events in the 20^th century and describe how each event has influenced the profession of counseling.

Question 34

Identify three noteworthy events in the 21^st century and describe how each event has influenced the profession of counseling.

Question 35

In your own words, how has the profession of counseling changed since the early 1900s? What changes, based on future projections by leaders in the profession, do you foresee as most impactful, and why?

Question 36

Give one example of each of the four service components in Lewis et al.'s (2003) client-environment interaction model.

Question 37

Discuss the benefits of national certification.

Question 38

Discuss the importance of professional affiliation for clinical mental health counselors.