Deck 5: Probation

Question 1

Stopping formal processing of an offender and taking no further action if the offender abstains from further criminal activity is called

A) right of sanctuary.
B) benefit of clergy.
C) suspended sentence.
D) probation.

Answer 1

suspended sentence.

Question 2

Suspending both the imposition and execution of a sentence may be more desirable than supervised probation because

A) it is a more serious type of punishment.
B) it reduces the level of stigma attached to the offender.
C) it allows the offender to claim benefit of clergy.
D) it prevents sursis.

Answer 2

it reduces the level of stigma attached to the offender.

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding John Augustus is false?

A) He founded the processes of investigation, intake, and supervision.
B) He focused on attempting to rehabilitate serious offenders who could not make bail or pay fines.
C) His work led to the first probation statute in Massachusetts.
D) He provided an early form of probation supervision for minor offenders and alcoholics.

Answer 3

He focused on attempting to rehabilitate serious offenders who could not make bail or pay fines.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about probation is false?

A) Probation originally focused on juvenile offenders.
B) Probation is a highly personalized process.
C) The probation process focuses only on the offender, not the victim.
D) Probation is not an option for all types of crime.

Question 5

Legislators enacting early probation statutes

A) intended them to apply to juvenile offenders and misdemeanants.
B) directed them towards hard-core criminal offenders.
C) allowed probation to be an option for all categories of crime.
D) first applied probation to adult offenders and later extended it to juveniles.

Question 6

Probation is most commonly used for which type of crime?

A) Violent offenses
B) Weapons offenses
C) Drug offenses
D) It is used equally for all types of crimes.

Question 7

Which of the following is not an advantage of probation?

A) It keeps offenders' families and dependents off welfare.
B) It is less expensive than imprisonment.
C) It avoids prisonization.
D) It prevents selective incapacitation.

Question 8

The primary duty of a probation agency is to provide

A) surveillance.
B) supervision.
C) counseling.
D) rehabilitation.

Question 9

Which is not a form of surveillance for offenders on probation?

A) Drug testing
B) Electronic monitoring
C) Substance abuse treatment
D) Field contacts

Question 10

Which of the following is provided to the judge by the probation agency to help the judge decide whether or not to grant probation?

A) A plea agreement
B) A presentence investigation report
C) The EPICS model
D) Front-end solutions

Question 11

Which of the following factors increases the likelihood that the judge will impose probation over a sentence of incarceration?

A) The offender has prior convictions.
B) The offender committed a stranger-to-stranger crime.
C) The offender committed a non-violent offense.
D) The offender has indicators of mental illness.

Question 12

Which of the following is a general condition of probation that is imposed on all offenders?

A) Not leaving the jurisdiction without prior approval
B) Electronic monitoring
C) Regular or random urine testing
D) Vocational training

Question 13

Special conditions of probation

A) are imposed on all offenders in a given jurisdiction.
B) are imposed as part of the original court order for probation and cannot be changed later.
C) are rarely imposed.
D) most frequently include intermediate sanctions.

Question 14

Research suggests that recidivism can be reduced among offenders on probation if they

A) are given economic sanctions while on probation.
B) are placed on a large number of specific conditions of probation.
C) are placed on high levels of intensive supervision.
D) are given treatment and services specific to their risk and need factors.

Question 15

The primary purpose of STICS and EPICS is

A) training.
B) intervention.
C) investigation.
D) communication.

Question 16

Technical probation violations do not include

A) a return to crime.
B) failure to comply.
C) a poor attitude.
D) drug abuse.

Question 17

If an offender is arrested by the police for an alleged new offense while on probation, the first response of the court will be

A) to impose a technical probation violation.
B) to hold a probation revocation hearing.
C) to impose a lengthy and punitive sentence of incarceration.
D) to immediately revoke probation.

Question 18

Which of the following was not a finding of the Supreme Court in Gagnon v. Scarpelli?

A) Probation cannot be revoked without a hearing.
B) Offenders must be given written notice of the scheduled hearing.
C) Offenders have the right to present evidence and argue their case.
D) Offenders have the right to probation.

Question 19

The main goal of broken windows probation is increased

A) communication between probation officers and the community.
B) levels of surveillance and monitoring.
C) programs involving intensive therapy.
D) training and employment opportunities.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of the proactive supervision model of probation?

A) Probation officers should supervise offenders exclusively in the community, rather than in the office.
B) Probation officers should be generalists.
C) Probation officers should focus their efforts on the direct supervision of offenders.
D) Probation departments should establish separate probationer absconder and apprehension units.

Question 21

Which of the following is a front-end solution?

A) Intermittent jail incarceration
B) Parole
C) Expanded good-time credits
D) Work furloughs

Question 22

The right to benefit of clergy was determined through a literacy test.

Question 23

John Augustus focused his reformation efforts on serious offenders.

Question 24

The growth of probation was fueled by the juvenile court movement.

Question 25

Probation is an option for adult felons as well as juveniles.

Question 26

The primary duty of probation agencies today is to rehabilitate offenders.

Question 27

The basic function of the presentence investigation report is to help judges develop a plan of supervision for offenders after they are placed on probation.

Question 28

Presentence investigation reports may include a victim impact statement.

Question 29

Risk and need assessments are designed to predict the probability of recidivism.

Question 30

Specific conditions of probation are imposed upon all offenders.

Question 31

Studies suggest that the majority of offenders on probation have a history of drug or alcohol abuse.

Question 32

Technical probation violations occur when an offender on probation commits a new crime.

Question 33

According to the Supreme Court, probation is a privilege, not a right.

Question 34

The increased use of felony probation is a movement that surfaced as a result of the overcrowding situation in the nation's prisons.

Question 35

Broken windows probation emphasizes proactive supervision.

Question 36

Probation is an example of a back-end solution to overcrowding.

Question 37

Back-end solutions to overcrowding are methods used to reduce prison populations after the offender arrives in prison.

Question 38

Modern corrections is increasingly moving towards evidence-based programming.

Question 39

A(n) ________ sentence involves the court deciding to stop some formal processing of the offender.

Question 40

The creation of probation in Boston was motivated by the work of John ________.

Question 41

The originally intended beneficiaries of probation statutes were ________.

Question 42

The ________ role of the probation department involves surveillance and society protection.

Question 43

The basic function of the ________ report is to provide information regarding the most appropriate sentence to be imposed.

Question 44

The sentence is usually determined at a sentencing ________, independent of the determination of guilt.

Question 45

The Ohio Risk Assessment System-Community Supervision Tool is designed to assess offender ________.

Question 46

________ conditions of probation are individually designed by the court to assist the probationer in successfully completing court requirements and reintegrating into society.

Question 47

The most frequently imposed special conditions include ________ sanctions.

Question 48

Adhering to the principles of effective correctional intervention, based on "what works"
research, reduces the likelihood of offender ________.

Question 49

A probation sentence change due to a violation of the probation rules imposed by the court is called a(n) ________ probation violation.

Question 50

Probation ________ involves a change of sentence from probation to something more punitive.

Question 51

The increased use of ________ probation was a response to prison overcrowding.

Question 52

The ________ supervision model advocates more fieldwork combined with evidence-based practices.

Question 53

Programs such as deferred prosecution, house arrest, and probation are ________ solutions for dealing with prison overcrowding.

Question 54

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Right of sanctuary

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 55

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Suspended sentence

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 56

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Sursis

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 57

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Benefit of clergy

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 58

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Submitting to searches

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 59

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Reporting regularly to the supervising officer

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 60

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Obtaining psychological treatment

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 61

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Paying probation fees

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 62

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Paying restitution to the victim

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 63

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Taking Antibuse

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 64

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Avoiding excessive use of alcohol

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 65

Match the condition of probation with its type of condition .

-Participating in vocational training

A) Special condition of probation
B) General condition of probation

Question 66

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Probation should be held responsible for supervising and controlling all offenders under their direct supervision

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 67

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Probation departments develop a task force to understand the nature and impact of the absconder problem

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 68

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Probation supervision should be place based rather than offender based

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 69

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Probation officers should focus their efforts on the direct supervision of offenders

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 70

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Probation officers should be generalists

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 71

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Probation departments establish separate absconder and apprehension units

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 72

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Probation officers should be involved in crime prevention efforts and various forms of advocacy and community change

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 73

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Probation officers should have the skills to handle a specialized caseload

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 74

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Intermittent jail incarceration

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 75

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Shock parole

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 76

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Emergency release

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 77

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Electronic monitoring

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 78

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Expanded good-time credits

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 79

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Intensive supervised probation

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution

Question 80

Match the overcrowding solution with its type of solution .

-Deferred prosecution

A) Front-end solution
B) Back-end solution