Deck 10: Jails and Detention Facilities

Question 1

What was the original purpose of the English jail, as conceived by King Henry II?

A) To confine offenders awaiting execution
B) To house offenders awaiting transfer to prison
C) To house suspects awaiting trial
D) To punish individuals convicted of crimes

Answer 1

To house suspects awaiting trial

Question 2

Jails are funded by what type of taxes?

A) State
B) Local
C) Federal
D) County

Answer 2

Local

Question 3

Critics argue that the right to a presumption of innocence until trial and conviction in a court of law is difficult to maintain once

A) the police have incontrovertible evidence.
B) the alleged offender has been arrested.
C) the alleged offender has secured legal representation.
D) the alleged offender has been detained in jail.

Answer 3

the alleged offender has been detained in jail.

Question 4

Which of the following individuals would probably not be found in a jail?

A) An offender who has violated parole
B) An individual being held in protective custody
C) An offender serving a sentence for a felony offense
D) A material witness

Question 5

The fastest-growing segment of America's jail population is

A) Caucasians.
B) African-Americans.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians.

Question 6

________ facilities are intended to maximize interaction between inmates and staff.

A) New-generation
B) Minimum security
C) Maximum security
D) County jail

Question 7

A major difference between traditional jails and new-generation jails is

A) inmate supervision.
B) inmate demographics.
C) staff training.
D) service provision.

Question 8

Mandatory sentencing and other get-tough policies have contributed to

A) reduced rates of recidivism.
B) jail overcrowding.
C) lower levels of violence in jails.
D) increased levels of violence in jails.

Question 9

What is a "holdback" jail inmate?

A) An inmate who is going through a step-down program prior to release
B) An inmate who has been denied parole
C) An inmate who is ineligible for alternatives to incarceration
D) An inmate who is awaiting transportation to a federal or state prison

Question 10

Most holdback inmates are delayed due to

A) overcrowding at the destination facility.
B) indecision regarding the risk posed to other prisoners by the inmate.
C) pending criminal charges.
D) a pending appeal.

Question 11

The increase in the number of jails in the United States is mainly due to

A) old jails being incorporated into new jails.
B) an increase in the size of facilities.
C) a shift in population centers.
D) the retiring of outdated facilities.

Question 12

The primary emphasis in jails is on

A) the provision of pretrial services.
B) correctional services.
C) custodial convenience.
D) treatment programs.

Question 13

A "day fine" is a

A) sliding dollar amount determined by the offender's daily wages.
B) fee charged to the offender for each day he or she is confined.
C) variable dollar amount tied to the number of days an offender is sentenced.
D) fee an offender may pay in lieu of incarceration.

Question 14

What type of supervisory arrangement allows an offender to retain his or her employment while fulfilling his or her jail time on non-working days?

A) Pre-trial release
B) Restitution
C) Weekend confinement
D) House arrest

Question 15

A weekender is

A) an inmate who is allowed to live at home during the week but must report to jail to serve his or her sentence on weekends.
B) an inmate jailed for habitual weekend offenses.
C) an inmate jailed for what are termed "weekend offenses," such as public drunkenness or simple assault.
D) a county correctional officer who works the weekend shift.

Question 16

Probation without adjudication occurs when an offender

A) forgoes prosecution as long as he or she meets established criteria.
B) violates his or her probation standards.
C) flees the jurisdiction in which the offense occurred.
D) forgoes a trial in exchange for a reduced charge and sentence.

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding pretrial alternatives to jail is false?

A) Pretrial release alternatives are as effective as jail in preventing recidivism.
B) Pretrial release alternatives cost less than jail incarceration.
C) Persons released before trial are more likely to be convicted than those who are incarcerated.
D) Alternative programs can reduce jail populations.

Question 18

What is own recognizance release?

A) An arrestee is released from jail after paying a set amount of bail.
B) An arrestee is released from jail after promising that he or she will return for a scheduled court hearing.
C) An arrestee is released from jail but returned due to violation of bail conditions.
D) An arrestee is released from jail on probation.

Question 19

Holding someone accused of a crime because he or she cannot make bail is

A) recognizance.
B) pretrial jail incarceration.
C) price-tag justice.
D) back-holding.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a common characteristic of a jail inmate?

A) Growing up in a two-parent household
B) Having a prior arrest for a crime against property
C) Having a mental health illness
D) A history of substance abuse

Question 21

Most researchers into correctional intervention have found that ________ is/are necessary to have an effect on offender recidivism.

A) human intervention
B) clear determinate sentences
C) strict punishment
D) the use of weekend confinement

Question 22

A jail is a local secure facility designed to house offenders, usually for one year or less.

Question 23

The original purpose of jails was to detain suspected or accused offenders until they could be brought before a court.

Question 24

Jails house both convicted and unconvicted persons.

Question 25

In court proceedings, "not guilty"
is equivalent to "innocent."

Question 26

The majority of jail inmates are offenders who have been convicted of a crime and are serving their sentences in the jail.

Question 27

Blacks are disproportionately represented in jail populations in the United States.

Question 28

New-generation jail facilities are designed to maximize interaction between inmates and staff.

Question 29

In traditional jails, inmates are closely supervised by corrections officers.

Question 30

Podular housing units had to be abandoned because jail inmates attacked jail officers and destroyed jail furnishings and fixtures.

Question 31

Overcrowding in jails is decreasing due to the increased problems of overcrowding in prisons.

Question 32

Holdback jail inmates are usually delayed in jail because of overcrowding problems in prisons.

Question 33

Substance use and abuse plays a role in many of the offenses committed by convicted jail inmates.

Question 34

Male jail inmates tend to have much higher rates of mental health problems than females.

Question 35

The bulk of misdemeanor cases are disposed of through the imposition of fines.

Question 36

Weekend confinement helps reduce the negative impact of short-term incarceration on jail inmates.

Question 37

Suspended sentences are used for offenders who require supervision to ensure good behavior.

Question 38

Pretrial alternatives to jail are often more expensive than simply incarcerating a suspect until trial.

Question 39

Individual released on their own recognizance do not have to pay bail.

Question 40

The presumption of ________ is a foundation of the American criminal justice system.

Question 41

Offenders serving out their sentences in jails were mainly convicted of ________ offenses.

Question 42

The ________ jail was developed in the 1970s to maximize staff-inmate interaction.

Question 43

The ________ supervision strategy is believed to reduce inmate problems such as contraband possession, property destruction, and violence.

Question 44

Inmates kept in jail while awaiting transportation to a state or federal prison are known as ________ inmates.

Question 45

Attempts to reduce ________ in jails include converting abandoned motels into annexes, using modular housing units, and tent-based housing.

Question 46

The ________ system charged the inmates or their families and friends for maintaining the inmates.

Question 47

Weekenders generally are housed in ________-security facilities.

Question 48

Judges may order misdemeanor offenders to perform community service as a substitute for a(n) ________.

Question 49

Placing an offender on probation without adjudication is also known as ________ prosecution.

Question 50

An arrestee may be released on his or her own ________ under the promise to return for his or her court hearing.

Question 51

Criminal ________ data provide information on an offender's prior arrests and convictions.

Question 52

Match the jail alternative with its definition .

-Direct-supervision

A) Deferred prosecution
B) Offender is permitted to serve a sentence during non-working periods
C) Arrestee released from jail under the promise that he or she will return for their court hearing
D) Used for offenders who do not require supervision to ensure good behavior

Question 53

Match the jail alternative with its definition .

-New-generation

A) Deferred prosecution
B) Offender is permitted to serve a sentence during non-working periods
C) Arrestee released from jail under the promise that he or she will return for their court hearing
D) Used for offenders who do not require supervision to ensure good behavior

Question 54

Match the jail alternative with its definition .

-Third generation jail

A) Deferred prosecution
B) Offender is permitted to serve a sentence during non-working periods
C) Arrestee released from jail under the promise that he or she will return for their court hearing
D) Used for offenders who do not require supervision to ensure good behavior

Question 55

Match the jail alternative with its definition .

-Traditional jail

A) Deferred prosecution
B) Offender is permitted to serve a sentence during non-working periods
C) Arrestee released from jail under the promise that he or she will return for their court hearing
D) Used for offenders who do not require supervision to ensure good behavior

Question 56

Match the jail alternative with its definition .

-Own recognizance

A) Deferred prosecution
B) Offender is permitted to serve a sentence during non-working periods
C) Arrestee released from jail under the promise that he or she will return for their court hearing
D) Used for offenders who do not require supervision to ensure good behavior

Question 57

Match the jail alternative with its definition .

-Suspended sentence

A) Deferred prosecution
B) Offender is permitted to serve a sentence during non-working periods
C) Arrestee released from jail under the promise that he or she will return for their court hearing
D) Used for offenders who do not require supervision to ensure good behavior

Question 58

Match the jail alternative with its definition .

-Probation without adjudication

A) Deferred prosecution
B) Offender is permitted to serve a sentence during non-working periods
C) Arrestee released from jail under the promise that he or she will return for their court hearing
D) Used for offenders who do not require supervision to ensure good behavior

Question 59

Match the jail alternative with its definition .

-Weekender

A) Deferred prosecution
B) Offender is permitted to serve a sentence during non-working periods
C) Arrestee released from jail under the promise that he or she will return for their court hearing
D) Used for offenders who do not require supervision to ensure good behavior

Question 60

Identify the major differences between traditional and new-generation confinement facilities, including their effects.

Question 61

Identify and explain the variety of available alternatives to pretrial confinement.

Question 62

Discuss the reasoning behind and the potential benefits, to the individual as well as to the community, of pre-trial release alternatives.

Question 63

Does the existence of a system that levies fines for misdemeanor offenses, whereby those who are unable to pay fines are confined, while others with the means to satisfy fines are released, having fulfilled their debt to society, unfairly punish poorer offenders, or alleged offenders? What about offenders who are confined pre-trial due to an inability to satisfy the set bail? What kinds of effects do these policies have?

Question 64

Imagine that you are responsible for determining the right level of supervision for a non-violent offender named Mark. Mark is a divorced father of two young children. He shares custody with his ex-wife and is responsible for his children on alternating weekends. He is employed full-time in a nearby office park and is primarily responsible for financially supporting his children. Mark was recently arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol. He was arrested one year prior to this for drunk and disorderly conduct, for which he was fined and ordered to perform community service, which he did. What kind of supervisory arrangement do you think best serves the interests of Mark as well as society as a whole?