Deck 14: Parole and Reentry

Question 1

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the purpose of parole?

A) To reduce the expenses related to incarceration and corrections
B) To offer a means of choosing alternatives to incarceration
C) To improve public safety by reducing the incidence and impact of crime committed by parolees
D) To provide educational and occupational services to released offenders

Answer 1

To improve public safety by reducing the incidence and impact of crime committed by parolees

Question 2

Currently, how many states do not have a system of parole supervision for released offenders?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 10
D) 16

Answer 2

2

Question 3

The principal forerunner of parole is

A) probation.
B) reprieve.
C) transportation.
D) commutation.

Answer 3

transportation.

Question 4

The Irish system improved upon the ________ system developed by Alexander Maconochie.

A) ticket of leave
B) reentry
C) commutation
D) mandatory release

Question 5

The ________ movement requires inmates to serve a significant portion of their sentences before they are eligible to be considered for release.

A) ticket of leave
B) truth in sentencing
C) reintegration
D) amnesty

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes discretionary release?

A) An offender is released on parole with supervision prior to the expiration of his sentence.
B) An offender is released after being given a pardon by the governor.
C) An offender is released prior to the expiration of his sentence because release is required by statute.
D) An offender is released without conditions or supervision because his sentence has expired.

Question 7

Commutation involves

A) release after serving one's entire sentence.
B) receiving a full pardon from the governor.
C) conditional discretionary release.
D) shortening a sentence by executive order.

Question 8

For an offender to be released on parole, the first step involves

A) the preparation of a parole agreement.
B) being recommended for parole.
C) a parole board hearing.
D) transfer to a halfway house in preparation for conditional release.

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the basic functions of parole?

A) Establishing conditions of supervision
B) Discharging parolees when appropriate
C) Sentencing offenders to a term on parole
D) Returning parolees to prison if parole conditions are violated

Question 10

Which branch of government is responsible for the administration of parole?

A) Executive
B) Judicial
C) Legislative
D) No individual branch is responsible.

Question 11

Why do states that have abolished parole release still operate parole boards?

A) Because board members were appointed by the governor and must complete their assigned terms of office
B) Because offenders sentenced under previous sentencing laws may still be eligible for parole
C) Because they are independent boards and cannot be disbanded by the state
D) They don't - those states that have abolished parole release no longer operate parole boards.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best reflects the U.S. Supreme Court's position on parole?

A) Parole is a right, and the full range of due process rights must be afforded at parole-granting hearings.
B) Parole is a privilege, and the full range of due process rights are not required at parole-granting hearings.
C) Parole may be granted at the sole discretion of a warden, and due process rights do not play a role in this decision.
D) Parole may be granted at the discretion of the issuing judge, and due process rights may be taken into account in his or her decision.

Question 13

What role do victims typically play in parole board hearings in the United States?

A) Victims are permitted to conduct parole board hearings upon prior request.
B) Victims are permitted to submit written commentary and attend parole board hearings.
C) Victims are permitted to serve as advisors at parole board hearings.
D) None - victims are typically excluded from parole board hearings and are not permitted to participate in any way.

Question 14

What is the impact of good-time and earned-time credits on an inmate's anticipated parole eligibility?

A) They can reduce prison sentence length, hastening parole eligibility.
B) They can increase the length of the prison sentence, delaying parole eligibility.
C) They may reduce or increase the wait time for parole eligibility.
D) They have no impact on parole eligibility.

Question 15

Which of the following is not an argument in favor of developing parole guidelines?

A) They allow offenders to know up front how long the sentence is and what must be done to shorten it.
B) They reduce the arbitrary and capricious nature of the parole release decision-making process.
C) They reduce the anxiety and hostility of the on-the-spot decision-making process.
D) They eliminate parole board discretion in decision making.

Question 16

The parole ________ is the contract that includes the conditions imposed by the paroling authority and the offender's acceptance of these conditions.

A) revocation
B) hearing
C) agreement
D) violation

Question 17

Which of the following is not a task of the parole officer?

A) To encourage parolees in the reentry process
B) To determine the length of a parolee's term of parole
C) To intervene if the parolee is in danger of backsliding
D) To locate community resources for parolees

Question 18

Which is the most common reason for parole failure among offenders in the United States?

A) Absconding
B) Revocation
C) New sentence
D) Other failure

Question 19

A ________ pardon restores an offender's civil rights but does not obliterate the conviction.

A) conditional
B) full
C) clemency
D) restorative

Question 20

The process by which offenders come back into the community is being described as

A) commutation.
B) maxing out.
C) flopping.
D) reentry.

Question 21

Which of the following is not a major reentry issue for parolees?

A) Employment continuance issues
B) Culture shock due to inflation and technology shifts
C) Difficulty in getting parole release approved
D) Lack of medical insurance

Question 22

One of the earliest programs for releasing prisoners prior to the expiration of their full sentences was

A) reentry court.
B) work release.
C) the halfway house.
D) the furlough.

Question 23

Although furloughs have many benefits, one roadblock to expanding furlough programs is

A) the lack of research supporting the effectiveness of furloughs.
B) a small number of highly publicized and sensational failures.
C) the lack of legislation legalizing the use of furloughs as a correctional tool.
D) the lack of a reintegration element.

Question 24

Providing treatment services in the Returning Home-Ohio program had what impact on participants?

A) It led to reductions in recidivism among participants.
B) It led to increased rates of recidivism among participants.
C) It led to increased rates of recidivism among non-participants who were resentful at being excluded from the program.
D) It had no measurable impact on participants.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a responsibility generally assigned to reentry courts?

A) Monitor offender compliance with program requirements.
B) Apply graduated sanctions to noncompliant offenders.
C) Determine the offender's release date from prison.
D) Review the offender's reentry progress and problems.

Question 26

Research into the effectiveness of reentry courts has found

A) participants are more likely to successfully complete parole and not recidivate.
B) an increased rate of recidivism and reconviction among participants.
C) participants are less likely to be convicted but more likely to have parole revoked.
D) a reduced rate of drug use among participants.

Question 27

The ultimate indicator of the effectiveness of parole is usually considered to be

A) rate of substance abuse among parolees.
B) the rate of recidivism among parolees.
C) the rate of stable employment of parolees.
D) participation in a reentry program.

Question 28

Overall, approximately what percent of arrests involve individuals on probation or parole?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 40%
D) 60%

Question 29

Which of the following is not a characteristic common to parole violators?

A) Denial of responsibility
B) Tendency to act impulsively
C) Lack problem-solving and coping skills
D) Likely to live with a spouse

Question 30

The protection of society is a primary objective of parole.

Question 31

The ticket-of-leave was developed by Alexander Maconochie.

Question 32

The truth-in-sentencing movement requires judges to clearly inform offenders at the sentencing hearing of the sentence being imposed on them.

Question 33

A reprieve generally results in release from confinement.

Question 34

The federal government has eliminated discretionary parole.

Question 35

Independent parole boards tend to be made up of people who have significant experience and training in corrections.

Question 36

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, inmates have a right to parole if they meet the specified selection criteria.

Question 37

The offender must agree to parole conditions before being released on parole.

Question 38

Parole officers have the authority to revoke parole if the parolee violates parole conditions.

Question 39

A technical violation of parole occurs when the parolee is convicted of a new crime.

Question 40

The most common reason for parole failure is receiving a new sentence while on parole.

Question 41

According to the Supreme Court's ruling in Morrissey v. Brewer, parolees who are facing a revocation hearing are entitled to some basic due process rights.

Question 42

A large percentage of ex-offenders attempt to receive pardons after successfully completing parole.

Question 43

A conditional pardon restores an offender's civil rights and absolves the offender of guilt.

Question 44

The Second Chance Act is designed to facilitate offender reentry into the community.

Question 45

Culture shock is an issue that may affect successful reentry.

Question 46

Institutional work release is a viable substitute for parole.

Question 47

Meritorious furloughs are used to facilitate offender reintegration.

Question 48

Parole violators who are placed in a halfway house are more likely to recidivate than offenders who are returned to prison.

Question 49

Parolees participating in reentry court are more likely to have their parole revoked and be returned to prison.

Question 50

Research suggests that parole violators are less likely be able to find a job than parolees who complete parole successfully.

Question 51

The majority of arrests involve individuals who are on probation or parole.

Question 52

Alexander ________ developed a method of conditional release while supervising an English penal colony at Norfolk Island in New South Wales.

Question 53

The practice of removing days from an offender's sentence for conduct and behavior that comports with the institution's rules is called ________ time.

Question 54

The ________ movement required inmates to serve a significant portion of their sentence before consideration for release.

Question 55

A pardon granted to a group or class of offenders is known as ________.

Question 56

Executive ________ refers to a pardon, reduction of sentence, or release of an inmate at the discretion of a governor or other pardoning authority.

Question 57

When making parole recommendations, ________ parole boards are supposed to be more objective than the correctional bureaucracy.

Question 58

If inmates do not meet the standards for parole, they are ________ and their sentences are continued.

Question 59

Parole ________ are designed to reduce the arbitrary and capricious nature of the release decision by structuring parole board discretion.

Question 60

The contract in which the offender agrees to the conditions of parole imposed by the parole board is known as the parole ________.

Question 61

Parole orders and conditions are enforced by ________ officers.

Question 62

Parolees who violate the conditions of release may be returned to prison for a(n) ________ violation.

Question 63

The U.S. Supreme Court defined the basic rights of parolees at parole revocation hearings in the case of ________ v. Brewer.

Question 64

Work ________ programs allow inmates to help support their families or reimburse victims for their loss.

Question 65

A small number of highly publicized failures have made it difficult for corrections departments to promote the use of ________ programs.

Question 66

________ courts involve judicial oversight of parolees.

Question 67

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Amnesty

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 68

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Reprieve

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 69

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Pardon

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 70

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Commutation

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 71

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Discretionary release

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 72

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Executive clemency

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 73

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Reentry

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 74

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Furlough

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 75

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Halfway house

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 76

Match the term related to re-entry with its meaning

-Work release

A) The process of an inmate's return and adjustment to society
B) A prison release program allowing inmates to keep their jobs while still serving their terms of incarceration
C) A prison-release program allowing an inmate to participate in education, training, or work in the community
D) A residential facility for offenders in the community and inmates prior to final release on parole

Question 77

What are the basic functions of parole?

Question 78

What are parole guidelines and what is their purpose?

Question 79

What are the three primary ways that an individual might access referral to a halfway house program?

Question 80

What functions do reentry courts serve? What responsibilities do these courts typically hold?