Deck 19: Special-Category Offenders

Question 1

In the 1970s, there was a focus on the ________ of mentally ill inmates of asylums.

A) decriminalization
B) transinstitutionalism
C) deinstitutionalization
D) institutionalization

Answer 1

deinstitutionalization

Question 2

After being released from asylums, many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up in jail or prison, a process known as

A) decriminalization.
B) transinstitutionalism.
C) deinstitutionalization.
D) institutionalization.

Answer 2

transinstitutionalism.

Question 3

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to use mental health services while in prison?

A) A white male offender
B) A white female offender
C) A black male offender
D) A black female offender

Answer 3

A white female offender

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the defense of "not guilty by reason of insanity?"

A) Offenders do not deny committing the crime but claim they lacked the capacity to understand the nature of the crime or that it was wrong.
B) Offenders claim that they are unable to understand the charges against them or cooperate with legal counsel in preparing their defense.
C) Offenders enter a plea acknowledging guilt but asserting a lack of capacity to understand the nature of the act or that it was wrong.
D) Offenders claim that they became mentally ill while incarcerated and are not fit to stand trial.

Question 5

The legal defense that claims a defendant is unable to understand the charges or assist legal counsel in preparing a defense is

A) guilty but mentally ill.
B) criminally insane.
C) incompetent to stand trial.
D) not guilty by reason of insanity.

Question 6

Which of the following individuals would not be housed in an asylum for the criminally insane?

A) A defendant who was found not guilty by reason of insanity
B) A convicted offender who became mentally ill while serving a prison sentence
C) A convicted offender who unsuccessfully attempted the defense of not guilty by reason of insanity
D) A person who was found incompetent to stand trial

Question 7

A plea entered by the offender acknowledging guilt but asserting a lack of capacity to understand the nature of the act or that it was wrong is

A) incompetent to stand trial.
B) not guilty by reason of insanity.
C) guilty but mentally ill.
D) criminally insane.

Question 8

A ________ individual is legally sane but has an IQ score of 69 or below.

A) guilty but mentally ill
B) mentally incompetent
C) mentally disturbed
D) developmentally challenged

Question 9

While in the prison system, developmentally challenged offenders are at greater risk of becoming a victim of

A) homicide.
B) sexual harassment.
C) theft.
D) sexual assault.

Question 10

In the case of ________, the Supreme Court held that prisons are required to provide treatment to developmentally challenged inmates.

A) Ruiz v. Estellez
B) Panetti v. Quarterman
C) Green v. Johnson
D) Atkins v. Virginia

Question 11

Which of the following is not a right or protection given to developmentally challenged inmates by the Supreme Court?

A) The protection against being executed
B) The right to special education
C) The right to treatment
D) The right to participate in a special court program

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the types of sex offenses that accounts for the majority of treatment program participants?

A) Incest
B) Prostitution
C) Exhibitionism
D) Sexually motivated breaking and entering

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding sex offenders in treatment programs is true?

A) The majority are heterosexual.
B) The majority are over 50 years of age.
C) About one-third of the offenders are women.
D) Most homosexual participants are there for the violent sexual assault of a child.

Question 14

Which of the following is not part of the sorting process that distinguishes sex offenders enrolled in treatment programs from other sex offenders?

A) The offender must be apprehended, prosecuted, and found guilty to be placed in a treatment program.
B) The offender must be placed on probation or receive a suspended sentence.
C) The offense must be reported for the offender to be placed in a treatment program.
D) The offender must be considered suitable for treatment by the program.

Question 15

Research into the use of GPS technology to monitor high-risk sex offenders found that

A) GPS monitoring is more expensive but also more effective than traditional parole supervision.
B) GPS monitoring is more expensive and less effective than traditional parole supervision.
C) GPS monitoring is less expensive and more effective than traditional parole supervision.
D) although GPS monitoring is more expensive than traditional parole supervision, there is no difference in the effectiveness of the two methods.

Question 16

What do sexual predator laws permit?

A) Nothing - the Supreme Court has held these laws to be unconstitutional.
B) The involuntary chemical castration of compulsive sex offenders
C) Sentences of mandatory life imprisonment for habitual violent sex offenders with multiple convictions
D) The involuntary commitment of serious sex offenders to mental health facilities upon completion of their sentence

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding HIV transmission in prison is false?

A) Medical personnel in prisons need to develop infection control policies for HIV.
B) Condom distribution strategies have been widely adopted in U.S. correctional systems.
C) HIV transmission among correctional inmates has occurred.
D) A wide variety of high-risk behaviors for HIV transmission occur in correctional facilities.

Question 18

What is the best single approach for managing HIV infections in correctional institutions?

A) Infection control policies
B) Condom distribution in prisons
C) Educational programs for inmates
D) Early release of infected inmates

Question 19

Which group of inmates has the highest rate of AIDS-related deaths in prison?

A) African American inmates
B) White inmates
C) Asian inmates
D) Hispanic or Latino inmates

Question 20

A ________ inmate has a gender identity different from the sex assigned at birth.

A) transgender
B) homosexual
C) geriatric
D) gender-confirmed

Question 21

What has the federal court ruled with respect to transgender inmates?

A) Transgender inmates must be housed in a prison appropriate for their birth sex until after the sex-change process has been completed.
B) The denial of transition-related care is not considered cruel and unusual punishment.
C) Preoperative transgender inmates must be placed in protective housing to reduce the risk of abuse and assault.
D) Transgender inmates have a constitutional right to gender-confirming surgeries.

Question 22

Which special category offender is more likely than other prisoners to have committed crimes such as homicide, manslaughter and sexual offenses?

A) Sex offenders
B) Infectious offenders
C) Aging offenders
D) Developmentally challenged offenders

Question 23

Which of the following is not a recommendation for reducing the number of aging prisoners?

A) Repeal truth in sentencing laws.
B) Amend three-strikes laws to require the third strike to be a violent crime.
C) Provide statutory limits on sentences imposed for crimes committed by the elderly.
D) Conditional release of aging prisoners with a low safety risk.

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding elderly inmates is false?

A) Elderly inmates are less likely to be imprisoned for robbery and burglary than other prisoners.
B) Elderly inmates are less likely to have committed homicide and sexual offenses than other prisoners.
C) The percentage of elderly inmates in prisons may be significantly greater than their proportions in the general population.
D) Elderly inmates are vulnerable to victimization by younger inmates.

Question 25

Hypertension, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's and emphysema are affecting the need to expand

A) recreational programs.
B) geriatric centers.
C) larger infirmaries.
D) health aides.

Question 26

Which of the following refers to an elderly person who is sentenced to life with no possibility of parole is a special category offender that will live and die in the prison system long after his or her ability to cause harm to society has passed due to the requiring of extensive medical care?

A) Infectious offender
B) Developmentally challenged offender
C) Sex offender
D) Geriatric prisoner

Question 27

Many mentally ill individuals ended up in prisons and jails as a result of deinstitutionalization.

Question 28

Male inmates are more likely than female inmates to seek out mental health services during incarceration.

Question 29

There appears to be a causal link between crime and mental disorder.

Question 30

An offender who is not guilty by reason of insanity does not deny committing the crime.

Question 31

The insanity defense is used in approximately 15 percent of all felony cases.

Question 32

Developmentally challenged inmates have intellectual disabilities but are considered legally sane.

Question 33

Developmentally challenged inmates are more likely to be denied parole and serve longer terms in prison than others who have committed the same crime.

Question 34

In the case of Ruiz v. Estelle, the Supreme Court ruled that developmentally challenged inmates cannot be executed.

Question 35

According to the Supreme Court, the state may execute a developmentally challenged offender who committed murder if specific extenuating circumstances are present.

Question 36

Most sex offenders in treatment programs are heterosexual and committed heterosexual offenses.

Question 37

Chemical castration has been found by the Supreme Court to be a violation of the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment.

Question 38

Involuntary commitment of predatory sex offenders who have served their full sentence of incarceration is unconstitutional.

Question 39

HIV has been found to have been transmitted from one inmate to another in prison.

Question 40

Due to the seriousness of HIV and the risk of infection while in prison, inmates have a right to have access to condoms as a form of protection.

Question 41

Male transgender inmates who have not yet gone through sex-change surgery are usually housed in male prisons.

Question 42

Transgender inmates have a constitutional right to have gender-confirming surgeries while in prison.

Question 43

The increasing number of geriatric inmates is due to a rise in crime committed by the elderly.

Question 44

Elderly inmates are more likely than other prisoners to be incarcerated for homicide and sexual offenses.

Question 45

The continued incarceration of geriatric inmates enhances public safety.

Question 46

The deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill and their transfer to criminal justice system facilities is known as ________.

Question 47

Offenders who are ________ to stand trial are unable to understand the charges against them or to assist legal counsel in the preparation of their defense.

Question 48

A criminally ________ inmate may have been found not guilty by reason of insanity or may have become mentally ill while incarcerated.

Question 49

After the attempted assassination of President Reagan, some states created ________ but mentally ill statutes to replace the insanity plea.

Question 50

An inmate with an IQ of less than 70 is considered ________ challenged.

Question 51

According to the Supreme Court, it is unconstitutional to ________ developmentally challenged or incompetent prison inmates.

Question 52

The Supreme Court recently struck the laws against ________, which often refer to male homosexual acts, when they are applied to consenting adults in private.

Question 53

Research has found that monitoring high-risk ________ offenders using GPS technology results in a decreased rate of recidivism when compared to inmates on parole supervision.

Question 54

________ commitment laws permit predatory sex offenders to be incarcerated in mental health facilities after their sentence has been served.

Question 55

The single best approach for managing HIV infections revolves around ________ programs to inform inmates of necessary behaviors.

Question 56

Inmates that have a gender identity that is different from their assigned sex at birth are known as ________ inmates.

Question 57

The Supreme Court ruling that affirmed the right of transgender inmates to access transition-related care was based on the ________ Amendment.

Question 58

Inmates over the age of 55 who generally have physical or mental conditions that may require more extensive medical care and treatment are called ________ inmates.

Question 59

Match the sex offense with the relevant fact .

-Panetti v. Quarterman

A) The Supreme Court struck down the application of laws relating to this act to consenting adults in public
B) Can involve exploiting a minor if the purpose is sexual gratification
C) A crime of power and dominance over women
D) Usually committed by someone closely related to the victim by blood, kinship, or marriage

Question 60

Match the sex offense with the relevant fact .

-Ruiz v. Estellez

A) The Supreme Court struck down the application of laws relating to this act to consenting adults in public
B) Can involve exploiting a minor if the purpose is sexual gratification
C) A crime of power and dominance over women
D) Usually committed by someone closely related to the victim by blood, kinship, or marriage

Question 61

Match the sex offense with the relevant fact .

-Green v. Johnson

A) The Supreme Court struck down the application of laws relating to this act to consenting adults in public
B) Can involve exploiting a minor if the purpose is sexual gratification
C) A crime of power and dominance over women
D) Usually committed by someone closely related to the victim by blood, kinship, or marriage

Question 62

Match the sex offense with the relevant fact .

-Atkins v. Virginia

A) The Supreme Court struck down the application of laws relating to this act to consenting adults in public
B) Can involve exploiting a minor if the purpose is sexual gratification
C) A crime of power and dominance over women
D) Usually committed by someone closely related to the victim by blood, kinship, or marriage

Question 63

Match the sex offense with the relevant fact .

-Child molestation

A) The Supreme Court struck down the application of laws relating to this act to consenting adults in public
B) Can involve exploiting a minor if the purpose is sexual gratification
C) A crime of power and dominance over women
D) Usually committed by someone closely related to the victim by blood, kinship, or marriage

Question 64

Match the sex offense with the relevant fact .

-Heterosexual rape

A) The Supreme Court struck down the application of laws relating to this act to consenting adults in public
B) Can involve exploiting a minor if the purpose is sexual gratification
C) A crime of power and dominance over women
D) Usually committed by someone closely related to the victim by blood, kinship, or marriage

Question 65

Match the sex offense with the relevant fact .

-Child abuse

A) The Supreme Court struck down the application of laws relating to this act to consenting adults in public
B) Can involve exploiting a minor if the purpose is sexual gratification
C) A crime of power and dominance over women
D) Usually committed by someone closely related to the victim by blood, kinship, or marriage

Question 66

Match the sex offense with the relevant fact .

-Sodomy

A) The Supreme Court struck down the application of laws relating to this act to consenting adults in public
B) Can involve exploiting a minor if the purpose is sexual gratification
C) A crime of power and dominance over women
D) Usually committed by someone closely related to the victim by blood, kinship, or marriage

Question 67

Explain the two ways defendants can attempt to escape criminal responsibility.

Question 68

Discuss the problems involved with attempts to predict the future dangerousness of mentally disordered offenders.

Question 69

Explain why it is more expensive to house elderly inmates in prison than other inmates.

Question 70

Explain the problems that may result for a prison administrator when housing a transgender inmate and discuss whether you think state correctional departments should be required to initiate transition-related care for an inmate who has not started the process prior to incarceration.

Question 71

Do you agree with the goal of depopulating elderly inmates from prison? Why or why not? What are the possible disadvantages of this goal?