Deck 11: A Glimpse Into the Future: Where Do Families Go From Here

Question 1

What characterizes the structure of virtual communities?

A) rare face-to-face contact and regular electronic contact
B) communities in which every person is anonymous
C) digital communities where people are not who they say they are
D) regular social interaction in an intimate setting

Answer 1

rare face-to-face contact and regular electronic contact

Question 2

Which country has been at the forefront of research about long-distance communication technology and its effect on social organization?

A) United States
B) United Kingdom
C) Canada
D) Norway

Answer 2

Canada

Question 3

What proportion of Canadians reported owning a computer in 2013?

A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 65%
D) 85%

Answer 3

85%

Question 4

In which ways does Internet use affect social relations?

A) Frequent Internet use means less time spent with family and friends.
B) Frequent Internet use makes social relations more difficult to maintain.
C) Frequent Internet use increases social activities in general.
D) Frequent Internet use increases time spent with family and friends.

Question 5

Which social group has the highest Internet use?

A) individuals aged 16 to 24 years
B) individuals aged 25 to 44 years
C) individuals aged 45 to 64 years
D) individuals aged 65 years and over

Question 6

Which social group has the lowest Internet use?

A) individuals aged 16 to 24 years
B) individuals aged 25 to 44 years
C) individuals aged 45 to 64 years
D) individuals aged 65 years and over

Question 7

How does unequal access to the Internet impact Canadians?

A) It may make some people feel technically inferior to others and increase social disorder.
B) People with slow Internet connections are less productive than people with faster Internet connections.
C) People who do not have access to the Internet are more likely to migrate to areas where there is accessibility.
D) It may affect educational and occupational attainment, and thus indirectly affect the class structure.

Question 8

What is the impact of living in a wired community with access to high-speed local network?

A) less local civic participation
B) enhanced social life
C) internet addiction
D) an interest in other forms of technology

Question 9

Which statement describes how the "digital divide" affects Indigenous peoples?

A) With small populations of consumers dispersed over large geographic areas, internet service providers have many incentives to maintain service.
B) Remote or rural communities lack the necessary infrastructure.
C) Remote or rural communities have the necessary infrastructure.
D) In urban areas, low-income Indigenous people can to afford a computer and internet service.

Question 10

What is the impact of the availability of cheap, easy technologies such as email among closely related people?

A) It replaces the need for face-to-face contact.
B) It does not replace traditional communication methods
C) It increases the frequency of written communications.
D) It benefits those in long-term commuter relationships.

Question 11

What was the initial use of telephones as a form of communication technology?

A) emergencies only
B) calling neighbours
C) long-distance calling
D) military communications

Question 12

What was the telephone's effect on family life?

A) It revolutionized how families communicate with one another.
B) It changed the way in which business were run.
C) It drastically reduced the need for face-to-face contact.
D) It had little influence on close relations.

Question 13

What is a risk of using e-mail as a medium of communication?

A) People who use e-mail are at risk of repetitive strain injuries.
B) People are more likely to be victims of stalkers if they use e-mail.
C) Faceless anonymity poses risk of indiscretion, misunderstanding or misquoting.
D) E-mail communication makes identity theft a real possibility.

Question 14

How would we discribe the community feeling derived from cyber relations?

A) intense
B) weak
C) illusory
D) strong

Question 15

What is the basic premise of Family Development Theory?

A) families continuously change with changes in social and domestic expectations and demands.
B) family members need help in learning how to communicate with one another.
C) the family institution is increasingly influential in society.
D) the family is akin to an organic network.

Question 16

Which of the following explains, according to Family Development Theory, what families do to prepare for coming stages of development?

A) class conflict
B) role strain
C) developmental tasks
D) emotional preparation

Question 17

Which of the following explains online dating experiences of Muslim and South Asian immigrants?

A) Online dating is less common among immigrants than the Canadian-born.
B) For Muslim and South Asian youth, their parents are responsible for creating their online dating profiles.
C) Cultural restrictions prevent them from participating in online dating.
D) Online dating is more common among Muslim and South Asians than the Canadian-born population.

Question 18

What is the rate of intimacy for those involved in cyber-romance?

A) They have a rapid intimacy.
B) They have a slower, more prolonged intimacy than conventional relationships.
C) They are more cautious about any form of intimacy.
D) They have more anxiety about showing their feelings than conventional daters.

Question 19

What is key to starting a conventional relationship but less important when beginning a cyber-relationship?

A) income
B) physical attraction
C) educational attainment
D) proximity

Question 20

What do older adults tend to be more selective about (versus younger adults) when starting a cyber-relationship?

A) income
B) physical attraction
C) educational attainment
D) proximity

Question 21

In what way do computer-mediated relationships cause people to redefine our ways of thinking about infidelity?

A) By largely erasing the sexual aspect of betrayal and stressing the emotional aspect.
B) By becoming ever more popular means of cheating on our partners.
C) By making us reconsider why we are with our real-life partners instead of our cyber-partner.
D) By isolating individuals into separate and secluded lives away from their spouse and family.

Question 22

What occured with caregivers who converse regularly in a telephone-based support group versus caregivers who listened to taped informational lectures?

A) They showed less psychological distress.
B) They showed more psychological distress.
C) They showed the same levels of psychological distress.
D) They were more efficient caregivers.

Question 23

Which of the following occurred with caregivers who took part in Internet support group?

A) The participants' sense of social support increased.
B) The participants' sense of social support decreased.
C) The participants' perceived ability to cope increased.
D) The participants' perceived ability to cope decreased.

Question 24

What is the fastest-growing group of internet users?

A) young children
B) teenagers
C) young adults
D) older adults

Question 25

How does computerization benefit people who are ill?

A) It can provide ill people with slow feedback on how their condition is affected by their compliance with medication, exercise and diet.
B) The information obtained from the Internet can increase the burden on caregivers.
C) It can help older adults retain their sense of autonomy.
D) It can lead older adults to lose their sense of autonomy.

Question 26

What does new reproductive technologies allow us to separate from child-bearing and parenting?

A) cultural values
B) physical pain
C) emotion
D) fertilization

Question 27

Why is infertility a source of anxiety and depression?

A) Biologically related children are central to understandings of kinship.
B) Women value their ability to produce children and take care of the home.
C) Women without children are viewed as less desirable.
D) Men have the right to remarry if their partners cannot produce heirs.

Question 28

What leads to more variety, fluidity, and idiosyncrasy in family decision making?

A) migration
B) deindividuation
C) individualization
D) independence

Question 29

What helps explains recent changes in family life?

A) immigration
B) in vitro fertilization
C) technological revolution
D) individualization.

Question 30

What helps explains how people can make informal changes in dealing with ambivalence and uncertainty of intimacy?

A) new gender policies
B) getting to know a friend's same-sex partner
C) supporting affirmative action programs
D) rejecting affirmative action programs

Question 31

What helps explains role separation in family relations?

A) the separation of being a spouse from being a parent.
B) the formation of an adolescent identity distinct from the parental home.
C) the distinct roles that each family member plays (e.g., "mother," "son,")
D) the separation of "family man" from "working man"

Question 32

What helps explains personal interchangeability in family relations?

A) the ability to seamlessly shift from one role or identity to another (e.g., from "employee" to "mother")
B) a workplace policy of hiring an expendable and faceless labour force to perform dull, repetitive tasks
C) well-honed social skills
D) the selection of a spouse based on their ability to perform certain roles rather than their unique characteristics

Question 33

Which characteristic makes societies well suited to high levels of personal interchangeability?

A) low birth rates
B) high mortality rates
C) a gendered labour force
D) a highly technological standard of living

Question 34

What defines a family characterized by low role separability and high personal interchangeability?

A) corporate
B) collected
C) concatenated
D) cyclical

Question 35

What subtypes of the nuclear family model are likely to be found in traditional circles in the United States but is losing support in law and public opinion in Canada?

A) corporate
B) concatenated
C) cyclical
D) communal

Question 36

Which statement about the corporate nuclear family is correct?

A) It is best suited to a secular, differentiated social structure.
B) It existed most commonly among the twentieth century North American working class.
C) It is a matriarchal family structure.
D) It is losing support in law and public opinion.

Question 37

Which type of family is characterized by high role separability and high personal interchangeability?

A) corporate
B) collected
C) concatenated
D) cyclical

Question 38

What is unnecessary in collected nuclear families?

A) a marriage based on love and commitment
B) fidelity and faithfulness to one partner for life
C) civility between divorced partners
D) compelling mates to be both good spouses and good parents

Question 39

What is characteristic of collected families?

A) They display low levels of personal interchangeability.
B) Component roles, rather than the family, are the locus of meaning and resources.
C) They display low levels of role separability.
D) They are different from reconstituted families.

Question 40

What is a subtype of the nuclear family model?

A) cooperative
B) collectivistic
C) concatenated
D) circular

Question 41

What defines a family characterized by separable roles?

A) corporate
B) collected
C) concatenated
D) cyclical

Question 42

Which statements about concatenated families is correct?

A) The meaning of "spouse" or "parent" is no longer certain.
B) They are characterized by high personal interchangeability.
C) The adults have a permanent commitment to their spouse and children.
D) Meanings, loyalties, and resources are linked to family roles.

Question 43

Which type of family is characterized by low role separability and low personal interchangeability?

A) corporate
B) collected
C) concatenated
D) cyclical

Question 44

What causes cyclical families?

A) divorce
B) the marriage of two single parents
C) boomerang children
D) same-sex unions

Question 45

By what percent would family income delice if women left the workforce en masse and devoted their lives to raising families?

A) 12 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 42 percent
D) 72 percent

Question 46

What happens when people underestimate diversity within various family forms?

A) They suggest that families are more uniform than they really are.
B) They undermine the different functions of modern families.
C) they reject the normative structures of society.
D) They invent new ways of defining families.

Question 47

According to Statistics Canada, what was on the list of "top 9 trends for Canadian families"?

A) More couples are getting legally married.
B) Families are getting larger.
C) Family violence continues to be under-reported.
D) Multiple-earner families have become the norm.

Question 48

Which of the following is a situation of "Other-mothering"?

A) state-run institutions, such as orphanages, take over childrearing responsibilities
B) extended family or friends take care of a person's child
C) single fathers who take on traditional "mother" roles
D) children substitute for parents in caring for siblings

Question 49

What is needed for "Other-mothering" to succeed?

A) a large urban community.
B) a small community where people know and trust one another
C) matriarchal societies where women have responsibilities beyond the home
D) Eastern cultures with a patriarchal social structure

Question 50

How can social scientists and citizens respond to the trends for Canadian families?

A) Continue to watch the data and report whether the trends are continuing.
B) Disregard theories about the reasons for these trends.
C) Propose and evaluate social policies that will decrease the benefits and increase the harms associated with the trends.
D) Lead public discussions about the ways to promote favourable trends.

Question 51

What could career and job commitments lead to in the future?

A) postponed weddings
B) early childbearing
C) fewer commuting relationships
D) decreased dual income-earner families

Question 52

To what does "nominal families" refer?

A) Those empowered by law to care for their family members.
B) Those people who do the actual work of caring for family members.
C) Those family members who share the same last name.
D) The new family a woman joins when she marries into her husband's family.

Question 53

To what does does "virtual families" refer?

A) Those empowered by law to care for their family members, i.e. children, old people and the severely ill.
B) Those people who do the actual work of caring for family members, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, friends or neighbours.
C) Those family members who share the same last name.
D) The new family a woman joins when she marries into her husband's family.

Question 54

What do we call the phenomenon of adult children who returned to school, had trouble finding or keeping jobs, and returned to their parents' home?

A) refilled nest
B) boomerang children
C) empty nest
D) dependent adult children

Question 55

What is the potential benefit of the refilled nest phenomenon?

A) reduced cost of childcare from grandparents while parents work
B) the increasing of environmental problems by having fewer accommodations
C) the sharing of housework among fewer family members
D) the development of new ways of intergenerational caring for elders

Question 56

What is a possible future policy challenge regarding family?

A) To better document the practical and inventive networks of care giving that families create to promote their own well-being.
B) To ensure that social programs are delivered within already established families.
C) The need to recognize the validity of traditional legal and social definitions.
D) Encouraging families to maintain a nuclear family structure.

Question 57

Which type of family units do Canadian policy-makers often think focus on and make social policy for?

A) concatenated families
B) nominal families
C) virtual families
D) cooperative families

Question 58

Which statement about family life is true?

A) Families can only consist of people with blood ties.
B) People do not value marriage and the family as much as they did in the past.
C) People who use online dating services are serious in their relationship values.
D) Most users of online dating services only to flirt or are think of it as a game.

Question 59

What will increase support for a backward-looking mythology of the family?

A) Any change that increases the growth of opportunities after an earlier growth.
B) Any change that increases the individualization of lives faster than the creation of new cultural meanings and norms.
C) Any change that decreases the individualization of lives faster than the creation of new cultural meanings and norms.
D) Any change will reduce uncertainty and confusion.

Question 60

Why have routines such as family dinners-an important part of identity development-become less common?

A) Many families experience intense time pressure so they prefer a family dinner, but no time to prepare one.
B) Many families experience no time pressure but prefer to eat meals on their own time.
C) Many families experience intense time pressure so they prefer to eat meals on their own time.
D) Many families are seeing family dinners as an outdated routine and develop identity through family outings.

Question 61

Briefly describe the pros and cons of having teleworking reservation schools.

Question 62

Describe positive and negative effects of keeping in touch through the telephone.

Question 63

Why is the potential for misrepresentation a strong possibility with the online dating?

Question 64

There is a potential for a more negative relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT) usage and a given stage in a family's life cycle. Explain this and provide an example.

Question 65

How would you define the significance to cyber-sex to senior daters? How important is it to them? Briefly explain.

Question 66

Discuss the impact of online dating and establishment of intimate life and relationships.

Question 67

What impact does the growth of individualism have on family relationships?

Question 68

How would you describe the relationship between those who make use of new reproductive technologies and having traditional notions of family? Explain.

Question 69

Define role separability and personal interchangeability.

Question 70

Why are "refilled nests" becoming much more commonplace than "empty nests" when it comes to families?

Question 71

Discuss the effects of Information and communication technologies (ICT) has had on personal relationships.

Question 72

Distinguish between corporate family, collected family and concatenated family.

Question 73

Statistics Canada has identified nine future trends for Canadian families. Identify and briefly elaborate on any five of them.