Deck 5: Probation and Community Supervision

Question 1

The foundation of a community corrections sentence starts with ________, then the judge adds conditions with which the offender must comply.

A) a fine
B) electronic monitoring
C) a bail bond
D) probation

Answer 1

probation

Question 2

Of the persons serving at least part of their correctional sentence through some form of community supervision or treatment program, the majority are

A) on probation.
B) in a halfway house.
C) reporting to Day Reporting Centers.
D) under electronic monitoring.

Answer 2

on probation.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of community-based sanctions?

A) The offender is able to live at home.
B) There are cost savings to taxpayers over jail or prison.
C) Some offenders are in programs that are more restrictive than needed.
D) There is an increased chance that the offender will pay back restitution to victims.

Answer 3

Some offenders are in programs that are more restrictive than needed.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of probation supervision?

A) Pretrial supervision.
B) Deferred adjudication probation.
C) Intensive probation.
D) Incapacitation probation.

Question 5

The first probation law was enacted by the ________ legislature in 1878.

A) Virginia
B) Massachusetts
C) Vermont
D) Pennsylvania

Question 6

________ is generally considered as the "founder" of modern probation.

A) Oxenbridge Thacher
B) John Augustus
C) Matthew Hill
D) Zebulon Brockway

Question 7

By this date, all states had enacted probation statutes for juveniles and adults.

A) 1830.
B) 1878.
C) 1925.
D) 1956.

Question 8

The average time people spend on probation nationwide is about

A) 10 weeks.
B) 22 months.
C) 3 years.
D) 5 years.

Question 9

About ________ percent of persons on probation successfully complete that probation.

A) 28
B) 51
C) 64
D) 83

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a special rather than standard probation condition?

A) Obey all local, state, and federal laws.
B) Wear an electronic monitoring device.
C) Refrain from possessing any firearms without written permission from the court.
D) Submit to testing for controlled substances.

Question 11

Probation Officer Garcia spends much of his day identifying community services that are appropriate for his various clients then arranges to have his clients contact those agencies. Which "hat" is Garcia wearing, or what form of service delivery is he following?

A) Brokerage.
B) Linkage.
C) Casework.
D) Triage.

Question 12

Probation Officer Chen spends much of her day mentoring and providing advice to her clients. Which "hat" is Chen wearing, or what form of service delivery is she following?

A) Brokerage.
B) Linkage.
C) Casework.
D) Triage.

Question 13

While on probation, Harry was told he could not leave the city limits without his probation officer's permission. Harry was seen in another city last Saturday night by his probation officer-who had not given Harry permission to be there. The term used for Harry's behavior is a(n)

A) insignificant violation.
B) technical violation.
C) subjective violation.
D) legal violation.

Question 14

As a condition of her probation, the judge has ordered Chris to labor in unpaid work for the general good of the community. This sanction is called

A) work release.
B) restitution.
C) restoration.
D) community service.

Question 15

Victim ________ refers to money dispersed by the state government to qualifying victims of violent crimes to assist those victims with the payment of bills and lost wages.

A) legal aid
B) restoration
C) compensation
D) reparation

Question 16

In conventional cases, restitution is ordered by the judge at the time of sentencing, but in restorative justice cases restitution is

A) determined at victim-offender mediation sessions.
B) set by the legislature.
C) determined by the offender's net daily salary.
D) not even a possible sanction.

Question 17

________ are/is widely used in many countries throughout the world as the primary means of punishment, but in the United States this sanction is mostly reserved for traffic and ordinance violations.

A) Parole
B) Jail
C) Fines
D) Community service

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a supervision strategy used by probation officers for surveillance?

A) Employment verification.
B) Drug and alcohol detection.
C) Home confinement.
D) Community service.

Question 19

Sara has been sentenced to a community-based correctional center where she will live under supervision and must obtain permission to leave for work, school, or leisure activities. To what type program has Sara been sentenced?

A) Residential Community Corrections Facility.
B) Electronic monitoring.
C) Day Reporting Center.
D) Home confinement.

Question 20

A behavior modification program that increases a client's community freedom with good behavior and is popular in Residential Community Corrections Facilities is called a ________ system.

A) regressive compensation
B) flexible fine
C) progressive restitution
D) levels

Question 21

As a condition of his probation, Stefan must check in daily with a nonresidential community corrections program that blends high levels of control with the delivery of specific services that Stefan needs. Stefan is participating in a(n) ________ program.

A) restitution
B) day reporting center
C) home confinement
D) electronic monitoring

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary goal of problem-solving courts?

A) Increase treatment services.
B) Stabilize clients faster.
C) Provide for prosecutorial involvement in the treatment process.
D) Reduce recidivism.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the most common types of problem-solving courts?

A) Drug court.
B) Sex offender court.
C) Mental health court.
D) Veteran's court.

Question 24

Nearly 70% of offenders serve at least part of their correctional sentence through some form of community supervision or treatment program.

Question 25

Courts have ruled that any conditions a judge wants to add to a probation sentence must be added at the very beginning of the sentence.

Question 26

Because women offenders are less likely than men to present a risk to the general public, the use of community sanctions is favored for women.

Question 27

One problem with community-based sanctions is that public safety may be jeopardized if the offender commits another crime.

Question 28

Probation is a possible sentence for felony offenders but not misdemeanor offenders.

Question 29

The term "recognizance" refers to a defendant's release that is backed by a third party who is responsible for the defendant's next court appearance.

Question 30

Boston shoemaker, John Augustus, is generally recognized as the founder of modern probation.

Question 31

A standard condition of probation is to get permission from one's probation officer before leaving the jurisdiction.

Question 32

A special condition of probation could be a requirement that the offender live in a community-based residential facility.

Question 33

If the probationer repeatedly fails to abide by any of the court-ordered conditions of probation, they are said to have committed a technical violation.

Question 34

Completion rates for community service are highest when they have a punitive component such as picking up litter along the roadside.

Question 35

The most common problems with community service are failure to show up and failure to complete the required hours.

Question 36

Compensation is a court-ordered cash payment that an offender makes to the victim to offset some of the losses incurred from the crime.

Question 37

Today, halfway houses are called therapeutic communities.

Question 38

Probation officers may collect urine specimens from their clients without first obtaining a warrant or without having to believe there is probable cause that the probationer has recently used drugs.

Question 39

Problem-solving courts are an alternative process to traditional criminal courts for people who have violated conditions of their probation.

Question 40

Therapeutic communities are long-term peer-led programs that force chronic addicts to face their addiction using group confrontational methods.

Question 41

________ supervision occurs when courts impose supervision before a guilty plea so that a defendant can better assist in case preparation.

Question 42

Commitments to which every probationer agrees to abide by in return for remaining at liberty in the community are called ________ conditions.

Question 43

If an offender on probation or some other form of community supervision commits a new crime, it is known as a(n) ________ violation.

Question 44

When a probation officer interviews convicted felons and gathers information prior to the sentencing of that offender, the probation officer is serving as a(n) ________ investigator.

Question 45

In its most general meaning, ________ service mandates that offenders labor at unpaid work for the general good.

Question 46

________ is a court-ordered cash payment that an offender makes to the victim to offset some of the losses incurred from the crime.

Question 47

In cases where the losses incurred by the victim are substantial, the state may provide money to qualifying victims through a victim ________ fund.

Question 48

For offenders in residential community corrections facilities, research shows that ________ is a key factor in their success.

Question 49

When enforced with electronic monitoring, home ________ is stricter than curfew and affords greater control over offenders' activities since they must remain at home except for approved absences.

Question 50

Of the many reasons for why people commit crime, two especially common problems found among people under community corrections supervision are substance abuse and ________ management.

Question 51

________ is an entry-point measure for chronic drug users where the body is cleansed of drugs so that treatment while sober can begin.

Question 52

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Standard probation conditions

A) Requires offenders to remain at a specific location, except for such purposes as employment, school, treatment, medical emergencies, or approved shopping trips.
B) A nonresidential community corrections sanction that blends high levels of control with the delivery of specific services needed by offenders.
C) A court-ordered cash payment that an offender makes to the victim to offset some of the losses incurred from the crime.
D) A general fund by which state governments disperse money to qualifying victims of violent crimes for payment of bills and lost wages.

Question 53

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Legal violation

A) Requires offenders to remain at a specific location, except for such purposes as employment, school, treatment, medical emergencies, or approved shopping trips.
B) A nonresidential community corrections sanction that blends high levels of control with the delivery of specific services needed by offenders.
C) A court-ordered cash payment that an offender makes to the victim to offset some of the losses incurred from the crime.
D) A general fund by which state governments disperse money to qualifying victims of violent crimes for payment of bills and lost wages.

Question 54

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Special probation conditions

A) Requires offenders to remain at a specific location, except for such purposes as employment, school, treatment, medical emergencies, or approved shopping trips.
B) A nonresidential community corrections sanction that blends high levels of control with the delivery of specific services needed by offenders.
C) A court-ordered cash payment that an offender makes to the victim to offset some of the losses incurred from the crime.
D) A general fund by which state governments disperse money to qualifying victims of violent crimes for payment of bills and lost wages.

Question 55

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Technical violation

A) Requires offenders to remain at a specific location, except for such purposes as employment, school, treatment, medical emergencies, or approved shopping trips.
B) A nonresidential community corrections sanction that blends high levels of control with the delivery of specific services needed by offenders.
C) A court-ordered cash payment that an offender makes to the victim to offset some of the losses incurred from the crime.
D) A general fund by which state governments disperse money to qualifying victims of violent crimes for payment of bills and lost wages.

Question 56

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Restitution

A) Participants are involved in activities while they live and work independently in the community.
B) An alternative process for people arrested for misdemeanors, nonviolent felonies, and have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or have other specific conditions believed to be causing criminal behavior.
C) A form of aftercare for recovering addicts who have completed a residential program.
D) Frequently address offenders with co-occurring disorders.

Question 57

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Victim compensation

A) Participants are involved in activities while they live and work independently in the community.
B) An alternative process for people arrested for misdemeanors, nonviolent felonies, and have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or have other specific conditions believed to be causing criminal behavior.
C) A form of aftercare for recovering addicts who have completed a residential program.
D) Frequently address offenders with co-occurring disorders.

Question 58

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Home detention

A) Participants are involved in activities while they live and work independently in the community.
B) An alternative process for people arrested for misdemeanors, nonviolent felonies, and have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or have other specific conditions believed to be causing criminal behavior.
C) A form of aftercare for recovering addicts who have completed a residential program.
D) Frequently address offenders with co-occurring disorders.

Question 59

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Day Reporting Center

A) Participants are involved in activities while they live and work independently in the community.
B) An alternative process for people arrested for misdemeanors, nonviolent felonies, and have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or have other specific conditions believed to be causing criminal behavior.
C) A form of aftercare for recovering addicts who have completed a residential program.
D) Frequently address offenders with co-occurring disorders.

Question 60

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Outpatient treatment

A) Participants are involved in activities while they live and work independently in the community.
B) An alternative process for people arrested for misdemeanors, nonviolent felonies, and have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or have other specific conditions believed to be causing criminal behavior.
C) A form of aftercare for recovering addicts who have completed a residential program.
D) Frequently address offenders with co-occurring disorders.

Question 61

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Mental health courts

A) Participants are involved in activities while they live and work independently in the community.
B) An alternative process for people arrested for misdemeanors, nonviolent felonies, and have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or have other specific conditions believed to be causing criminal behavior.
C) A form of aftercare for recovering addicts who have completed a residential program.
D) Frequently address offenders with co-occurring disorders.

Question 62

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Relapse prevention

A) Participants are involved in activities while they live and work independently in the community.
B) An alternative process for people arrested for misdemeanors, nonviolent felonies, and have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or have other specific conditions believed to be causing criminal behavior.
C) A form of aftercare for recovering addicts who have completed a residential program.
D) Frequently address offenders with co-occurring disorders.

Question 63

Match the following terms with their meanings.

-Problem-solving courts

A) Participants are involved in activities while they live and work independently in the community.
B) An alternative process for people arrested for misdemeanors, nonviolent felonies, and have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or have other specific conditions believed to be causing criminal behavior.
C) A form of aftercare for recovering addicts who have completed a residential program.
D) Frequently address offenders with co-occurring disorders.

Question 64

All community-based corrections sanctions are said to provide important benefits but to also present some problems. Identify and explain at least three such benefits and three possible problems.

Question 65

Discuss the difference between legal and technical violations.

Question 66

How can community service benefit both the community and the offender?

Question 67

Describe problem-solving courts and give examples of three specific types.

Question 68

The chapter points out that community service is an underutilized sanction in most jurisdictions. Discuss why that is true and what can be done to encourage greater use of this sanction.

Question 69

Global positioning system (GPS) technology significantly improves the capabilities of electronic monitoring (EM). Some people have even suggested we can now track the movements of offenders being supervised in the community better than we can those confined to prison. Provide reasons for and against dramatically increasing the use of EM with GPS technology as a means of placing fewer violent offenders in prison and more of them under community supervision.