Question 1

Children begin acquiring literacy&#10;A) by the third grade.&#10;B) long before they start school.&#10;C) by the end of the first grade.&#10;D) in kindergarten.

Accepted Answer

A) In a sense, children begin acquiring literacy when they handle books, are read to, see signs or billboards, color or scribble, as well as when they see others reading, writing, and engaging in other literacy acts.
B) In a sense, children begin acquiring literacy when they handle books, are read to, see signs or billboards, color or scribble, as well as when they see others reading, writing, and engaging in other literacy acts.
C) In a sense, children begin acquiring literacy when they handle books, are read to, see signs or billboards, color or scribble, as well as when they see others reading, writing, and engaging in other literacy acts.
D) In a sense, children begin acquiring literacy when they handle books, are read to, see signs or billboards, color or scribble, as well as when they see others reading, writing, and engaging in other literacy acts.

Question 2

What did Read discover about children?s inventive spelling?&#10;A) The spellings were mostly random and personal, based on each individual?s preferences or thinking patterns.&#10;B) Children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds had diverse spellings.&#10;C) Most of the children could not read their own spellings immediately after creating them.&#10;D) The spelling systems of unrelated children were similar and followed a few basic principles.

Accepted Answer

A) Read discovered that the children?s spellings followed a few basic linguistic principles.
B) Read discovered that the children?s spellings followed a few basic linguistic principles.
C) Read discovered that the children?s spellings followed a few basic linguistic principles.
D) Read discovered that the children?s spellings followed a few basic linguistic principles.

Question 3

Which of the following concepts of print is the most basic, and one that you would most likely teach first?&#10;A) Written words are divided by spaces.&#10;B) What we say can be written down.&#10;C) Sentences begin with capital letters.&#10;D) Books have titles.

Accepted Answer

A) The most basic concept of print is that what we can say can be written down.
B) The most basic concept of print is that what we can say can be written down.
C) The most basic concept of print is that what we can say can be written down.
D) The most basic concept of print is that what we can say can be written down.

Question 4

Children?s ?pretend reading? should be __________ because it __________.&#10;A) discouraged; leads to ?pretend writing? and excessive use of invented spelling&#10;B) discouraged; distorts their language perception and makes future phonics instruction more difficult&#10;C) encouraged; complements the writing portion of an advanced literacy program&#10;D) encouraged; helps them construct more advanced understandings about reading

Accepted Answer

A) As they pretend read, children put into play some of the reading behaviors they have observed and are beginning to learn.
B) As they pretend read, children put into play some of the reading behaviors they have observed and are beginning to learn.
C) As they pretend read, children put into play some of the reading behaviors they have observed and are beginning to learn.
D) As they pretend read, children put into play some of the reading behaviors they have observed and are beginning to learn.

Question 5

Which of the following would be the best technique to use to introduce concepts of print?&#10;A) incorporating shared reading of a big book&#10;B) setting up reading centers&#10;C) encouraging children to ?pretend read?&#10;D) having children copy words from newspapers or magazines

Accepted Answer

A) Shared reading of a big book is the best way to introduce concepts of print because the teacher can point out features of print for all to see. Children can easily see that words are made up of letters, sentences are made up of words, and reading goes from right to left and top to bottom.
B) Shared reading of a big book is the best way to introduce concepts of print because the teacher can point out features of print for all to see. Children can easily see that words are made up of letters, sentences are made up of words, and reading goes from right to left and top to bottom.
C) Shared reading of a big book is the best way to introduce concepts of print because the teacher can point out features of print for all to see. Children can easily see that words are made up of letters, sentences are made up of words, and reading goes from right to left and top to bottom.
D) Shared reading of a big book is the best way to introduce concepts of print because the teacher can point out features of print for all to see. Children can easily see that words are made up of letters, sentences are made up of words, and reading goes from right to left and top to bottom.

Question 6

In the past, writing in kindergarten and first grade consisted mainly of&#10;A) drawing and creating invented spellings.&#10;B) writing friendly letters.&#10;C) creating original pieces.&#10;D) copying.

Accepted Answer

A) In the past, writing was associated mostly with handwriting, forming letters, and spelling. Children were not encouraged to write on their own until they had started to read and could spell some words, so their early writing consisted mostly of copying.
B) In the past, writing was associated mostly with handwriting, forming letters, and spelling. Children were not encouraged to write on their own until they had started to read and could spell some words, so their early writing consisted mostly of copying.
C) In the past, writing was associated mostly with handwriting, forming letters, and spelling. Children were not encouraged to write on their own until they had started to read and could spell some words, so their early writing consisted mostly of copying.
D) In the past, writing was associated mostly with handwriting, forming letters, and spelling. Children were not encouraged to write on their own until they had started to read and could spell some words, so their early writing consisted mostly of copying.

Question 7

The current emphasis on writing in kindergarten involves&#10;A) techniques and copied examples.&#10;B) personal satisfaction and self-esteem.&#10;C) exploration and expression.&#10;D) spelling and handwriting.

Accepted Answer

A) Young children are encouraged to express themselves as best they can, whether by drawings, letter like forms, or invented spellings, as well as to explore the spelling system.
B) Young children are encouraged to express themselves as best they can, whether by drawings, letter like forms, or invented spellings, as well as to explore the spelling system.
C) Young children are encouraged to express themselves as best they can, whether by drawings, letter like forms, or invented spellings, as well as to explore the spelling system.
D) Young children are encouraged to express themselves as best they can, whether by drawings, letter like forms, or invented spellings, as well as to explore the spelling system.

Question 8

What is the most logical reason why many children spell the word girl as GRIL and the word bird as BRID?&#10;A) They mispronounce words containing /r/.&#10;B) The r sound dominates.&#10;C) They notice that the sounds do not blend at all.&#10;D) They confuse the sequence of sounds.

Accepted Answer

A) The r is often placed before the i in words like girl and bird because the r sound dominates. Novice spellers spell what they hear, and in these cases they mostly hear the r sound.
B) The r is often placed before the i in words like girl and bird because the r sound dominates. Novice spellers spell what they hear, and in these cases they mostly hear the r sound.
C) The r is often placed before the i in words like girl and bird because the r sound dominates. Novice spellers spell what they hear, and in these cases they mostly hear the r sound.
D) The r is often placed before the i in words like girl and bird because the r sound dominates. Novice spellers spell what they hear, and in these cases they mostly hear the r sound.

Question 9

Which stage would a student be in who spells the word name as NAM?&#10;A) prealphabetic (prephonemic stage)&#10;B) consolidated alphabetic (within word pattern or orthographic stage)&#10;C) alphabetic (letter name stage)&#10;D) syllable juncture stage (conventional spelling stage)

Accepted Answer

A) Following the principle of one sound for each letter, students in the letter name stage would not have learned to use the final-e marker as an indicator that the vowel was ?long.?
B) Following the principle of one sound for each letter, students in the letter name stage would not have learned to use the final-e marker as an indicator that the vowel was ?long.?
C) Following the principle of one sound for each letter, students in the letter name stage would not have learned to use the final-e marker as an indicator that the vowel was ?long.?
D) Following the principle of one sound for each letter, students in the letter name stage would not have learned to use the final-e marker as an indicator that the vowel was ?long.?

Question 10

According to Adams, which of the following seems to be the most important prerequisite for learning conventional reading and writing?&#10;A) knowledge of sentence structure&#10;B) phonemic awareness & letter knowledge&#10;C) ability to form both capital and lowercase letters&#10;D) understanding of the major uses of print

Accepted Answer

A) According to Adams , the major cause of difficulty in learning to read is a deficiency in phonemic awareness and letter knowledge.
B) According to Adams , the major cause of difficulty in learning to read is a deficiency in phonemic awareness and letter knowledge
C) According to Adams , the major cause of difficulty in learning to read is a deficiency in phonemic awareness and letter knowledge
D) According to Adams , the major cause of difficulty in learning to read is a deficiency in phonemic awareness and letter knowledge.

Question 11

Which of the following would generally be taught last?&#10;A) telling whether words begin with the same sound&#10;B) blending the sounds in a word&#10;C) identifying beginning consonants&#10;D) counting the number of words in a spoken sentence

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would generally be...

Question 12

According to Neuman and Roskos preschoolers should learn about literacy mostly through&#10;A) interactions with peers.&#10;B) formal instruction in literacy.&#10;C) exposure to and involvement in reading and writing activities.&#10;D) texts specifically designed to start off slowly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Neuman and Roskos preschoolers should...

Question 13

What is emergent literacy and how might it be fostered?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is emergent literacy and how might...

Question 14

How might dramatic play be adapted so that it fosters emergent literacy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might dramatic play be adapted so...

Question 15

What are the stages of spelling development? How might knowledge of stages be applied to instruction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the stages of spelling development?...

Question 16

What are some techniques for teaching letter knowledge?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some techniques for teaching letter...

Question 17

List a number of creative techniques for teaching phonological awareness. Then choose three techniques and discuss how they may be used to maximize effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List a number of creative techniques for...

Question 18

What are the steps in speech-to-print recognition techniques?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the steps in speech-to-print recognition...

Question 19

How can teachers avoid dominating conversations and encourage extended expression and language develop in young children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can teachers avoid dominating conversations and...

Question 20

What are the main characteristics of effective preschool literacy programs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the main characteristics of effective...

Deck 4: Fostering Emergentearly Literacy