Question 1

Juan has played soccer but has never played football. Football was not a popular sport where he grew up. Despite excellent word recognition skills, Juan, who generally has little difficulty comprehending selections, is unable to answer most of the questions about a boy who leads his team to the state football championship. What seems to be the main source of Juan?s difficulty?

A) Juan focuses on pronouncing the words correctly and so fails to read for meaning.
B) Juan has little interest in the story because he cannot identify with the main character.
C) Juan lacks adequate comprehension strategies.
D) Juan has limited background knowledge for understanding the story.

Juan has limited background knowledge for understanding the story.

Accepted Answer

A) Since Juan has never played football and it was not a popular sport where he grew up, he is probably lacking in background knowledge about the sport, and this seems to be interfering with his comprehension.
B) Since Juan has never played football and it was not a popular sport where he grew up, he is probably lacking in background knowledge about the sport, and this seems to be interfering with his comprehension.
C) Since Juan has never played football and it was not a popular sport where he grew up, he is probably lacking in background knowledge about the sport, and this seems to be interfering with his comprehension.
D) Since Juan has never played football and it was not a popular sport where he grew up, he is probably lacking in background knowledge about the sport, and this seems to be interfering with his comprehension.

Question 2

The most important factor in comprehension is&#10;A) clarity of the selection.&#10;B) length and word count of the selection.&#10;C) quality of questions asked about the selection.&#10;D) reader?s background knowledge about the topic of the selection.

Accepted Answer

A) Since comprehension is a constructive process in which readers use their background knowledge to construct meaning, reader?s background is the most important component.
B) Since comprehension is a constructive process in which readers use their background knowledge to construct meaning, reader?s background is the most important component.
C) Since comprehension is a constructive process in which readers use their background knowledge to construct meaning, reader?s background is the most important component.
D) Since comprehension is a constructive process in which readers use their background knowledge to construct meaning, reader?s background is the most important component.

Question 3

Which of the following is an organizational strategy?&#10;A) setting purposes&#10;B) making predictions&#10;C) constructing the main idea&#10;D) creating images

Accepted Answer

A) In an organizational strategy, the reader establishes relationships among concepts, such as when constructing a main idea. Setting purposes is preparational.
B) In an organizational strategy, the reader establishes relationships among concepts, such as when constructing a main idea. Making predictions is typically preparational or elaborational.
C) In an organizational strategy, the reader establishes relationships among concepts, such as when constructing a main idea.
D) In an organizational strategy, the reader establishes relationships among concepts, such as when constructing a main idea. Creating images is elaborational.

Question 4

According to research, the most effective organizational strategy for comprehension is&#10;A) selecting or constructing the main idea.&#10;B) comprehending the main idea.&#10;C) summarizing.&#10;D) determining the importance of information.

Accepted Answer

A) Comprehending the main idea, constructing the main idea, and determining the importance of information are key strategies. But research indicates that summarizing results in the greatest gains and is most widely effective in identifying details, comprehending meaning, and recalling information.
B) Comprehending the main idea, constructing the main idea, and determining the importance of information are key strategies. But research indicates that summarizing results in the greatest gains and is most widely effective in identifying details, comprehending meaning, and recalling information.
C) Comprehending the main idea, constructing the main idea, and determining the importance of information are key strategies. But research indicates that summarizing results in the greatest gains and is most widely effective in identifying details, comprehending meaning, and recalling information.
D) Comprehending the main idea, constructing the main idea, and determining the importance of information are key strategies. But research indicates that summarizing results in the greatest gains and is most widely effective in identifying details, comprehending meaning, and recalling information.

Question 5

Which of the following is a preparational strategy?&#10;A) summarizing key ideas&#10;B) activating prior knowledge&#10;C) noting relevant details&#10;D) seeking main ideas

Accepted Answer

A) Activating prior knowledge is one way of preparing to read. By activating prior knowledge, readers are better able to understand new information in terms of what they already know.
B) Activating prior knowledge is one way of preparing to read. By activating prior knowledge, readers are better able to understand new information in terms of what they already know.
C) Activating prior knowledge is one way of preparing to read. By activating prior knowledge, readers are better able to understand new information in terms of what they already know.
D) Activating prior knowledge is one way of preparing to read. By activating prior knowledge, readers are better able to understand new information in terms of what they already know.

Question 6

Which of the following is an elaboration of the meaning of the word invention?&#10;A) learning the correct pronunciation of invention&#10;B) judging the importance of several inventions&#10;C) saying invention and its meaning repeatedly so as not to forget it&#10;D) carefully noting the spelling of invention

Accepted Answer

A) Elaboration entails using one?s own background, experience, and judgment. Judging the importance of inventions would require elaboration. Learning pronunciation does not involve elaboration.
B) Elaboration entails using one?s own background, experience, and judgment. Judging the importance of inventions would require elaboration. Learning pronunciation, noting spelling, or repeating a word do not involve elaboration.
C) Elaboration entails using one?s own background, experience, and judgment. Judging the importance of inventions would require elaboration. Repeating a word does not involve elaboration.
D) Elaboration entails using one?s own background, experience, and judgment. Judging the importance of inventions would require elaboration. Noting the spelling of a word does not involve elaboration.

Question 7

Which technique is especially designed for students having difficulty with inferences?&#10;A) reciprocal teaching&#10;B) QAR&#10;C) monitoring&#10;D) imaging

Accepted Answer

A) QAR is designed to acquaint students with sources of answers, including answers that require inferencing, such as the ?writer and me? question in this case. Reciprocal reading does not particularly focus on inferences.
B) QAR is designed to acquaint students with sources of answers, including answers that require inferencing, such as the ?writer and me? question in this case.
C) QAR is designed to acquaint students with sources of answers, including answers that require inferencing, such as the ?writer and me? question in this case. Monitoring does not focus on inferences.
D) QAR is designed to acquaint students with sources of answers, including answers that require inferencing, such as the ?writer and me? question in this case. Imaging does not focus on inferences, but on visualizing a concept in one?s mind.

Question 8

Dual coding refers to the process of&#10;A) translating from a second language to one?s first language.&#10;B) both saying and writing answers.&#10;C) putting text information into one?s own words.&#10;D) mentally representing a text in both words and images.

Accepted Answer

A) Dual coding is the concept that information can be coded verbally or nonverbally, referring to the mental representations of text in both words and images. Because both a verbal and image code are used, comprehension and retention are enhanced.
B) Dual coding is the concept that information can be coded verbally or nonverbally, referring to the mental representations of text in both words and images. Because both a verbal and image code are used, comprehension and retention are enhanced.
C) Dual coding is the concept that information can be coded verbally or nonverbally, referring to the mental representations of text in both words and images. Because both a verbal and image code are used, comprehension and retention are enhanced.
D) Dual coding is the concept that information can be coded verbally or nonverbally, referring to the mental representations of text in both words and images. Because both a verbal and image code are used, comprehension and retention are enhanced.

Question 9

Which elaboration strategy works with concrete ideas as students learn to picture concepts in their minds?&#10;A) imaging&#10;B) macro-cloze&#10;C) making inferences&#10;D) QAR

Accepted Answer

A) Imaging works with concrete ideas because they lend themselves to imaging, which involves picturing ideas in your mind. Abstract ideas would be much more difficult to picture.
B) Imaging works with concrete ideas because they lend themselves to imaging, which involves picturing ideas in your mind. Abstract ideas would be much more difficult to picture. Macro-cloze does not involve picturing ideas in your mind.
C) Imaging works with concrete ideas because they lend themselves to imaging, which involves picturing ideas in your mind. Abstract ideas would be much more difficult to picture. Making inferences does not specifically involve picturing ideas in your mind.
D) Imaging works with concrete ideas because they lend themselves to imaging, which involves picturing ideas in your mind. Abstract ideas would be much more difficult to picture. QAR does not specifically involve picturing ideas in your mind.

Question 10

Rereading, slow reading, and pausing during a confusing paragraph are examples of&#10;A) checking.&#10;B) regulating.&#10;C) repairing.&#10;D) summarizing.

Accepted Answer

A) Repairing is a form of metacognition in which the reader recognizes that a passage is confusing and takes steps to clarify the confusion.
B) Repairing is a form of metacognition in which the reader recognizes that a passage is confusing and takes steps to clarify the confusion.
C) Repairing is a form of metacognition in which the reader recognizes that a passage is confusing and takes steps to clarify the confusion.
D) Repairing is a form of metacognition in which the reader recognizes that a passage is confusing and takes steps to clarify the confusion.

Question 11

Reciprocal teaching includes the following:&#10;A) inferring, confirming, evaluating, repairing.&#10;B) visualizing, setting goals, repairing, answering.&#10;C) predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing.&#10;D) evaluating, confirming, imaging, comprehending.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reciprocal teaching includes the following:&#10;A) inferring, confirming,...

Question 12

Which of the following methods focuses on content rather than strategy, occurs during reading rather than after reading, and uses a series of queries and moves?&#10;A) QTA&#10;B) QAR&#10;C) reciprocal teaching&#10;D) ReQuest

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following methods focuses on...

Question 13

In what ways can we define comprehension?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways can we define comprehension?...

Question 14

How are schema theory and situational (mental) model theory used in the teaching of comprehension?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are schema theory and situational (mental)...

Question 15

What are the steps in teaching a comprehension strategy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the steps in teaching a...

Question 16

What are the preparational strategies for improving reading comprehension, and what role do they play in the comprehension process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the preparational strategies for improving...

Question 17

What are the organizational strategies for improving reading comprehension, and what role do they play in the comprehension process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the organizational strategies for improving...

Question 18

What are the elaborative strategies for improving reading comprehension, and what role do they play in the comprehension process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the elaborative strategies for improving...

Question 19

How would you use the six steps for teaching a comprehension strategy to teach imaging?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would you use the six steps...

Question 20

What is ReQuest and how is it used?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is ReQuest and how is it...

Question 21

What are the metacognitive strategies for improving reading comprehension, and what role do they play in the comprehension process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the metacognitive strategies for improving...

Question 22

What special comprehension strategies do bilingual readers use? How might you make use of those strategies in teaching a group of English Language Learners (ELLs)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What special comprehension strategies do bilingual readers...

Question 23

Compare the methods used in Reciprocal Teaching and Questioning the Author.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the methods used in Reciprocal Teaching...

Deck 7: Comprehension: Theory and Strategies