Deck 4: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

Community corrections gained prominence as an adaptation of which of the following eras of corrections?

A) Recidivist
B) Retributive
C) Rehabilitative
D) Reintegrative

Answer 1

Rehabilitative

Question 2

Which of the following eras of corrections developed with the distinct provision that the community be an essential part of the correctional process?

A) Retributive
B) Reintegrative
C) Institutional
D) Rehabilitative

Answer 2

Reintegrative

Question 3

Which of the following is a prison sentence that is suspended on the condition that the offender follows certain rules and commits no further crimes?

A) parole
B) probation
C) community corrections
D) house arrest

Answer 3

probation

Question 4

Which of the following styles of supervising community offenders emphasizes assisting the offender with problems, providing counseling, and ensuring that the offender successfully completes supervision?

A) casework style
B) surveillance style
C) regular style
D) intensive-supervision style

Question 5

What kind of caseload includes offenders with very high risk or needs?

A) standard
B) regular
C) special
D) intensive-supervision

Question 6

Which of the following requires that an offender repay society for the harm caused by his or her offense?

A) fines
B) offender restitution
C) asset forfeiture
D) cost of supervision

Question 7

Which Supreme Court case allowed an exception to parole violations by holding that failure to make restitution payments due to unemployment is not sufficient reason to revoke probation?

A) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
B) Bell v. Wolfish
C) Bearden v. Georgia
D) United States v. Birnbaum

Question 8

In which case did the Supreme Court determine that probation is a privilege and not a right?

A) Mempa v. Rhay
B) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
C) Morrissey v. Brewer
D) United States v. Birnbaum

Question 9

Which Supreme Court decision granted probationers the right to legal counsel during the revocation hearing?

A) United States v. Birnbaum
B) Mempa v. Rhay
C) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
D) Morrissey v. Brewer

Question 10

Which 1973 Supreme Court decision created the due process requirements for revoking probation?

A) Mempa v. Rhay
B) Bell v. Wolfish
C) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
D) United States v. Birnbaum

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a possible result if the court finds that a probationer is in violation?

A) The court may add conditions and restore to probation.
B) The court may revoke probation and order imprisonment under the original sentence.
C) The court has no discretion and must order imprisonment under the original sentence.
D) The court may reprimand and restore to supervision.

Question 12

Which probation style mimics the community policing philosophy and partners with citizens groups, churches, and other neighborhood organizations?

A) intensive-supervision probation
B) broken-windows probation
C) special conditions of probation
D) public-safety probation

Question 13

Which type of supervision is typically satisfactory for offenders who pose little risk to the community?

A) administrative supervision
B) intensive supervision
C) regular supervision
D) minimum supervision

Question 14

________ is used only after low-risk offenders demonstrate a good adjustment to supervision.

A) Administrative supervision
B) Regular supervision
C) Intensive supervision
D) Minimum supervision

Question 15

Which is NOT a factor that has been cited in support of intermediate sanctions?

A) unhappiness with regular probation supervision
B) tightening of state budgets
C) increase in prison overcrowding
D) rise in the number of plea bargains

Question 16

Which of the following is a form of restitution in which offenders repay their victims directly for their losses and harm caused by the offense?

A) fines
B) offender restitution
C) victim costs
D) victim compensation

Question 17

Which of the following is sometimes referred to as "community control"?

A) electronic monitoring
B) intensive supervised probation
C) asset forfeiture
D) house arrest

Question 18

The major component of which of the following alternatives to incarceration is military regimentation, discipline, exercise, and hard work?

A) minimum-security prison
B) intensive supervised probation
C) boot camp
D) house arrest

Question 19

On which model is shock probation based?

A) specific deterrence
B) broken-windows probation
C) general deterrence
D) risk-prediction

Question 20

Which term describes the overlapping of criminal sanctions and added supervision for community-placed offenders?

A) shock probation
B) net widening
C) intensive supervised probation
D) community corrections

Question 21

Over the past fifty years, the sentencing options available to judges have increased.

Question 22

With house arrest, offenders face the restriction of not being able to work at a job outside of the house.

Question 23

Judges have little discretion in imposing special conditions of probation.

Question 24

A probationer cannot be arrested and detained in jail during the revocation process.

Question 25

During a revocation hearing, a probationer may be represented by legal counsel and may have the opportunity to testify.

Question 26

In recent years, as a result of increasing surveillance and close monitoring of offenders, the number of probation violations has risen significantly.

Question 27

Community supervision officers do not visit offenders' residences or places of employment.

Question 28

Under administrative supervision, offenders have no contact with a parole or probation officer, but they still must meet their conditions.

Question 29

Offenders can pay restitution through community service.

Question 30

Electronic monitoring is a criminal sanction, not a method of supervision.

Question 31

Community residential center placement rarely occurs after probationers are failing under their current supervision requirement.

Question 32

The stay at a community residential center may be as short as 30 days.

Question 33

Split sentences have become more common over the past two decades thanks to the "tough on crime" approach.

Question 34

Boot camps are gaining in popularity because they are less expensive to operate than other methods of incarceration.

Question 35

Shock probation is generally believed to be a low-cost and effective intermediate sanction for less serious felons.

Question 36

Criminal sanctions that involve community supervision of offenders, use correctional and program resources available in the community, and require offenders to abide by specified conditions to remain in the community are ________ corrections.

Question 37

John Augustus is the Boston shoemaker who became the father of ________.

Question 38

The term ________ is based on a Latin term that means "a period of proving oneself."

Question 39

The primary purpose of probation ________ is to maintain surveillance, enforce conditions of probation, and guide offenders into treatment to protect the public from further crimes.

Question 40

The ________ style of supervising community offenders emphasizes monitoring and enforcing compliance with the rules of supervision and detecting violations leading to revocation and return to custody.

Question 41

A(n) ________ caseload comprises standard probationers who require no special program or supervision.

Question 42

Probation can be revoked for ________ violations, that is, not meeting all the conditions of supervision.

Question 43

Community ________ systems are risk assessments that predict the chance of an offender in the community committing new crimes and help to set the level of supervision the offender needs.

Question 44

________ sanctions use money as the means of carrying out criminal sanctions, such as restitution and forfeiture of assets.

Question 45

A(n) ________ is money that offenders pay to the court as punishment for committing an offense.

Question 46

Community ________ centers, also known as halfway houses, are houses in which offenders live in the community that provide supervision, room and board, and some treatment as an alternative to prison.

Question 47

The overlapping of criminal sanctions and added supervision for community-placed offenders, rather than diversion of offenders from prison, is called ________ widening.

Question 48

The use of technology to monitor an offender's location is ________ monitoring.

Question 49

A combination of a short jail sentence with a return to the community on probation is a(n) ________ sentence.

Question 50

A short period of imprisonment with a return to the community within a few weeks to continue supervision on probation is ________ probation.

Question 51

Match the category of intermediate sanction with the appropriate description.

-Intensive supervised probation

A) A combination of a short jail sentence and then return to the community on probation
B) Supervision of community offenders with higher than average risk, through smaller caseloads and very close monitoring of activities
C) House in which offenders live in the community that provides supervision, room and board, and some treatment as an alternative to prison
D) The use of technology to monitor an offender's location

Question 52

Match the category of intermediate sanction with the appropriate description.

-Electronic monitoring

A) A combination of a short jail sentence and then return to the community on probation
B) Supervision of community offenders with higher than average risk, through smaller caseloads and very close monitoring of activities
C) House in which offenders live in the community that provides supervision, room and board, and some treatment as an alternative to prison
D) The use of technology to monitor an offender's location

Question 53

Match the category of intermediate sanction with the appropriate description.

-Community residential center

A) A combination of a short jail sentence and then return to the community on probation
B) Supervision of community offenders with higher than average risk, through smaller caseloads and very close monitoring of activities
C) House in which offenders live in the community that provides supervision, room and board, and some treatment as an alternative to prison
D) The use of technology to monitor an offender's location

Question 54

Match the category of intermediate sanction with the appropriate description.

-Split sentence

A) A combination of a short jail sentence and then return to the community on probation
B) Supervision of community offenders with higher than average risk, through smaller caseloads and very close monitoring of activities
C) House in which offenders live in the community that provides supervision, room and board, and some treatment as an alternative to prison
D) The use of technology to monitor an offender's location

Question 55

What is the difference between standard and special conditions of probation?

Question 56

Explain the purpose and operations of a boot camp.

Question 57

Why is net widening a negative impact of intermediate sanctions?

Question 58

Are probation officers more of a supervisor or counselor?