Deck 7: Interrogations and Confessions

Question 1

With regard to the interrogation of suspects, ______.

A) they can only be conducted when the suspect is in custody of the police
B) Miranda only applies to custodial interrogations
C) they are similar in function and purpose to interviews of witnesses, except interrogations are of suspects
D) an interrogation is successful only when the police obtain a confession from the suspect

Answer 1

Miranda only applies to custodial interrogations

Question 2

Showing false sympathy, making untrue claims about evidence, and overstating the value of lie-detecting technology are common examples of ______.

A) reasons why confessions are ruled inadmissible in court
B) practices that must be avoided in interrogations
C) common forms of suspects' tactics
D) tactics used by investigators in conducting interrogations

Answer 2

tactics used by investigators in conducting interrogations

Question 3

Suspects who provide incriminating information as the result of an interrogation are ______.

A) more likely to be charged by prosecutors
B) less likely to have their cases dismissed
C) more likely to be convicted
D) all of these

Answer 3

all of these

Question 4

In interrogations, RPM refers to ______.

A) rotations per minute
B) radical plan method
C) rationalization, projection, minimization
D) rational plan manual

Question 5

With regard to interrogations, investigators should :

A) be dressed in uniforms
B) use sophisticated language to intimidate the suspect
C) take notes during the interrogation
D) treat the suspect with respect

Question 6

Sympathizing with the suspect is most likely to be effective with ______.

A) emotional offenders
B) non-emotional offenders
C) no offenders
D) all offenders

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals who are most likely to falsely confess?

A) lack of self-confidence
B) extraordinary trust of people in authority
C) heightened suggestibility
D) previous experience as a suspect in the criminal justice system

Question 8

The use of manipulators, or created jobs, in interview or interrogation situations is often associated with ______.

A) truthful information
B) deceptive information
C) verbal behavior
D) polygraphs

Question 9

Which of the following is generally NOT indicative of deception?

A) unusually short or long sentences
B) incomplete sentences
C) explanations that do not make sense
D) excessive use of the word I

Question 10

With regard to the polygraph, ______.

A) it measures brain wave activity
B) the RIT is the most common method
C) the CQT technique is more prone to false-positive errors than false-negative errors
D) it has been proven to be 99.9 percent accurate

Question 11

With regard to the polygraph, ______.

A) some personality characteristics and disorders may be related to polygraph errors
B) machine error is the most common problem in the administration of polygraph examinations
C) polygraph results are usually admissible in court
D) confessions that occur as a result of polygraph examinations are seldom admissible in court

Question 12

The distinction between emotional offenders and non-emotional offenders is important because ______.

A) some themes may be more effective with emotional offenders than non-emotional offenders
B) the polygraph will be more effective on one group than the other
C) emotional offenders are harder to handle in interrogations
D) non-emotional offenders are harder to handle in interrogations

Question 13

It is important in interrogations that investigators ______.

A) make it clear that they are determined to get the truth from the suspect
B) maintain constant eye contact with the suspect
C) allow the suspect to continue to deny the crime
D) not spend too much time trying to build a rapport with the suspect

Question 14

A(n) ______ can be defined as any questioning or other action that is intended to elicit incriminating information from a suspect.

A) interview
B) interrogation
C) confession
D) theme

Question 15

If suspects agree to answer the questions of the police, then they will probably, at the least, ______.

A) say something incriminating
B) confess to everything
C) hire a lawyer
D) tell lies

Question 16

A(n) ______ offender is one who is likely to experience considerable feelings of remorse regarding the crime.

A) emotional
B) non-emotional
C) deceptive
D) federal

Question 17

______ is/are the most powerful evidence of guilt in a criminal trial.

A) The hiring of lawyers
B) Confessions
C) Eyewitness testimonies
D) DNA analyses

Question 18

Truthful subjects usually try to ______ meaning to the questioner. Deceptive subjects wish to ______.

A) convey; convince
B) convince; convey
C) explain; avoid
D) avoid; explain

Question 19

With the polygraph, a false-positive error occurs when a ______ subject is identified as ______.

A) verbal; nonverbal
B) nonverbal; verbal
C) innocent; guilty
D) guilty; innocent

Question 20

______ behaviors are generally easier to control than ______ behaviors.

A) Verbal; nonverbal
B) Nonverbal; verbal
C) Innocent; guilty
D) Guilty; innocent

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a type of false confession?

A) compliant false confession
B) persuaded false confession
C) confrontational false confession
D) voluntary false confession

Question 22

What crime type is most likely to have a false conviction as a result of a false confession?

A) sexual Assault
B) homicide
C) robbery
D) burglary

Question 23

What should not be seen as completely necessary for an interrogation to be considered productive and successful?

A) admissions to the investigators by a subject
B) a consistent story
C) firm and detailed account of actions
D) confession

Question 24

What is the PEACE Model an acronym for?

A) Planning and Preparation; Engage and Explain; Account, Clarify, and Challenge; Closure; Evaluation
B) Prioritizing; Engage and Explain; Adapt to the Situation; Closure; Evaluation
C) Planning and Preparation; Engage; Account, Clarify, and Challenge; Closure; Explain
D) Propose a Plan; Exceed Expectations; Account, Clarify, and Challenge; Closure; Evaluation

Question 25

What is the PEACE Model meant to be like?

A) aggressive and coercive
B) does not care about effective communication
C) less coercive and manipulative
D) does not care about respectful behavior towards the subject

Question 26

The most common reason suspects confess is that they believe that there is no point in denying the crime because the police have proof.

Question 27

For legal reasons, it is usually recommended that investigators should not be nice to suspects in interrogation settings.

Question 28

The police may legally try to convince a suspect to waive his/her Miranda rights.

Question 29

Most suspects agree to waive their Miranda rights. In turn, most suspects who waive their Miranda rights end up incriminating themselves.

Question 30

Just as with hypnosis, it is best if investigators conducting interrogations know very little about the case at hand.

Question 31

False confessions often occur after extremely long interrogation sessions.

Question 32

Fortunately, Miranda warnings are effective at preventing false confessions.

Question 33

The recommendation that interrogations should be video-recorded has virtually no benefit for police or prosecutors.

Question 34

Research has shown that voice stress analysis and the polygraph are similar in terms of validity and reliability of the results.

Question 35

The theory underlying the use of the polygraph is basically that there is a relationship between a person's state of mind ad his/her physiological state.

Question 36

What are the elements necessary for a successful interrogation?

Question 37

What are the nine steps in the interrogation of suspects?

Question 38

What can be done to address the issue of false confessions?

Question 39

Discuss the three different types of polygraphs.

Question 40

Name the five stages of the PEACE Model and analyze the content of each step. Which of these stages is very critical for the success of the process?