Deck 10: The Ankle and Foot Joints

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct order starting from the most posterior aspect of the distal lower leg/ankle and moving medially?

A)Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior
B)Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
C)Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
D)Tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

Answer 1

Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

Question 2

Which of the following is not true regarding the tibiofibular joint?

A)Joined at both the proximal and the distal tibiofibular joints
B)Minimal movement occurs at this joint
C)Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint
D)The interosseous membrane is surround the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support

Answer 2

The interosseous membrane is surround the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support

Question 3

Which of the following is not considered to be a muscular compartment of the lower leg?

A)Anterior compartment
B)Lateral compartment
C)Medial compartment
D)Superficial posterior compartment

Answer 3

Medial compartment

Question 4

Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment?

A)Flexor hallucis longus
B)Fibularis longus
C)Fibularis tertius
D)Plantaris

Question 5

Which of the following statements is not true regarding "shin splints?"

A)Attributed to a number of different specific musculotendinous injuries
B)May be partially prevented by stretching plantar extensors
C)Most often involves tibialis posterior, medial soleus, or anterior tibialis muscles
D)Not a specific diagnosis

Question 6

Which of the following muscles may be palpated on the upper lateral side of the tibia; just distal to fibular head and down to immediately posterior to lateral malleolus?

A)Fibularis longus
B)Gastrocnemius
C)Soleus
D)Tibialis anterior

Question 7

Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion when contracting concentically?

A)Flexor digitorum longus
B)Gastrocnemius
C)Soleus
D)Tibialis anterior

Question 8

Which of the following muscles are not antagonist of each other in all of their concentric actions?

A)Extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus
B)Flexor hallucis longus, extensor hallucis longus
C)Peroneus tertius, flexor digitorum longus
D)Tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis

Question 9

Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes and causes movement posteriorly about the frontal plane when contracting concentrically?

A)Extensor digitorum longus
B)Extensor hallucis longus
C)Flexor digitorum longus
D)Flexor hallucis longus

Question 10

Which of the following muscles are agonist to each other when performing eccentric actions in the frontal plane?

A)Extensor digitorum longus, plantaris
B)Gastrocnemius, soleus
C)Peroneus longus, peroneus tertius
D)Tibialis anterior, Fibularis brevis

Question 11

Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the posterior medial surface of the calcaneus?

A)Fibularis longus
B)Gastrocnemius
C)Plantaris
D)Soleus

Question 12

Which of the following muscles are antagonist of each other in all of their concentric actions?

A)Extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
B)Flexor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
C)Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
D)Peroneus tertius, posterior tibialis

Question 13

Which of the following muscles are agonist in all of their concentric actions at the talocrural joint?

A)Flexor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
B)Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius
C)Posterior tibialis, anterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus
D)Posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus longus

Question 14

The deep branch of the fibular nerve innervates the:

A)fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
B)gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
C)peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, peroneus tertius
D)tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum brevis

Question 15

Which of the following muscles has their insertion on the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal?

A)Flexor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior
B)Peroneus brevis, tibialis posterior
C)Peroneus longus, tibialis posterior
D)Tibialis anterior, peroneus longus

Question 16

Which of the following muscles does not perform plantar flexion when contracting concentrically?

A)Flexor hallucis longus
B)Peroneus longus
C)Peroneus brevis
D)Peroneus tertius

Question 17

Which of the following muscles performs extension of the lesser toes when concentrically contracting?

A)Extensor digitorum longus
B)Extensor hallucis longus
C)Peroneus tertius
D)Tibialis anterior

Question 18

Which of the following has the most potential for requiring emergency care?

A)Achilles tendon rupture
B)Compartment syndrome
C)Shin splints
D)Very painful calf cramps

Question 19

The gastrocnemius is more effective as a plantar flexor when the knee is:

A)Extension
B)External rotation
C)Flexion
D)Internal rotation

Question 20

Which of the following insert on the base of the 5 ^th metatarsal?

A)Extensor digitorum longus, peroneus brevis
B)Peroneus brevis, peroneus longus
C)Peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius
D)Peroneus longus, peroneus tertius

Question 21

The "Tom, Dick, and Harry" phrase refers to the _____, respectively.

A)tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
B)tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
C)tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
D)tibialis posterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 22

Proximal interphalangeal joint motion occurs in the ___ plane about the _____ axis.

A)transverse, vertical
B)longitudinal, frontal
C)sagittal, frontal
D)frontal, sagittal

Question 23

When the flexor hallucis longus concentrically contracts which of the following actions result?

A)Great toe metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal flexion
B)Talocrural plantar flexion
C)Transverse tarsal and subtalar inversion
D)All of the above

Question 24

The most prominent tendon crossing the ankle anteromedially and the easiest to palpate is the _____.

A)extensor digitorum longus
B)extensor hallucis longus
C)peroneus tertius
D)tibialis anterior

Question 25

Triceps surae refers to the _____.

A)gastrocnemius and soleus
B)peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius
C)the Tom, Dick & Harry muscles
D)triceps fibularis

Question 26

Each toe has three interphalangeal joints except for the great toe which has only two.

Question 27

Motions of the toe metacarpophalangeal joints include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Question 28

The only foot extrinsic muscle involved in extending all of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the four lesser toes is the extensor digitorum longus.

Question 29

The ankle and foot joints are composed of 26 bones in each foot if not considering the sesamoid and accessory bones.

Question 30

During both walking and running there is a point where neither foot is touching the ground.

Question 31

The distal malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as pulleys for the posterior tendons of the posterior tibialis and peroneus brevis to increase the mechanical advantage of these muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions, respectively.

Question 32

Severe injuries at the distal tibiofibular joint can involve the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, interosseous ligament, and interosseous membrane.

Question 33

The medial malleolus is an enlarged protrusion located on the distal fibula.

Question 34

The cuboid bone is located medially and distally to the navicular bone.

Question 35

An ankle sprain caused by inversion is a common injury that involves the stretching or tearing of one or more of the lateral tendons.

Question 36

The medial longitudinal arch is primarily supported dynamically by the tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior muscles.

Question 37

Dorsiflexion, the dorsal aspect of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia, occurs through eccentric contractions of the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius.

Question 38

Inversion occurs at the talocrural joint by turning the ankle and foot inward toward the midline of the body where the weight is on lateral edge of foot.

Question 39

Toe flexion is movement of toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints toward plantar surface of the foot through concentric contractions of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles.

Question 40

Pronation is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction, whether actively or passively.

Question 41

The gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2).

Question 42

Both the tibialis posterior muscle and the flexor digitorum longus muscle are innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1).

Question 43

The soleus muscle can perform muscular actions only in the sagittal plane about a frontal axis.

Question 44

The anterior tibialis and peroneus longus muscles are antagonist to each other in all of their respective actions.

Question 45

Both the tibialis anterior muscle and the extensor digitorum longus muscle are innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1).

Question 46

The extensor hallucis longus muscle is a weak agonist to the flexor hallucis longus muscle for concentric actions about the sagittal axis.

Question 47

The tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles are agonistic to each other in their frontal plane movements but are antagonistic to each other in their sagittal plane movements.

Question 48

Heel-strike normally occurs by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation.

Question 49

Immediately prior to and during normal toe-off the foot should be in pronation and the leg should be in external rotation.

Question 50

Each toe has three phalanxes except for the great toe which has only two.