Deck 3: Basic Biomechanical Factors and Concepts

Question 1

Kinematics is concerned with the description of motion and includes consideration of each of the following except:

A)time.
B)displacement.
C)velocity.
D)force.

Answer 1

force.

Question 2

Which of the following does not describe a way in which machines function?

A)By balancing multiple forces
B)By enhancing force in an attempt to increase total force needed to overcome a resistance
C)By enhancing range of motion and speed of movement so that resistance can be moved farther or faster than an applied force
D)By altering the resulting direction of an applied force

Answer 2

By enhancing force in an attempt to increase total force needed to overcome a resistance

Question 3

Which of the following is the most common form of simple machine found in the human body?

A)Pulleys
B)Wheels/axles
C)Levers
D)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

Levers

Question 4

In the context of the factors in use of anatomical levers, which of the following statements defines the term force arm?

A)The longest distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force
B)The perpendicular distance between the location of force application and an axis
C)The distance between an axis and the point of resistance application
D)The shortest distance from the axis of rotation to the point of resistance application

Question 5

In the human body when the triceps applies a force to the olecranon in extending the non-supported forearm at the elbow, it exemplifies:

A)first-class levers.
B)second-class levers.
C)third-class levers.
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following exemplifies a second-class lever in the human body?

A)Plantar flexion of the ankle to raise the body on the toes
B)When the iliopsoas is used to flex the thigh at the hip
C)The biceps brachii
D)When the hamstrings contract to flex the leg at the knee in a standing position

Question 7

Which of the following pairs of variables exhibits an inverse relationship?

A)Force and the force arm
B)Resistance and the resistance arm
C)Both force and the force arm and resistance and the resistance arm
D)None of the answers are correct

Question 8

Which of the following is a primary purpose of wheels and axles in the musculoskeletal system?

A)To increase force
B)To enhance range of motion
C)To decrease speed of movement
D)To decrease range of motion

Question 9

Which of the following statements accurately represents the relationship between linear and angular motion?

A)Angular motion of joints produces the linear motion of walking.
B)Linear motion of joints produces an angular motion.
C)Angular motion of joints produces the linear motion of walking, and linear motion of joints produces an angular motion.
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about velocity?

A)It is the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time.
B)It is the rate at which an object changes its position.
C)It is independent of the rate of displacement.
D)It is inversely proportional to how fast an object is moving.

Question 11

Newton's law of inertia states that:

A)for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
B)a body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force.
C)a change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it.
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following terms refers to the tendency for the current state of motion to be maintained, whether a body segment is moving at a particular velocity or is motionless?

A)Torque
B)Balance
C)Inertia
D)Momentum

Question 13

Identify Newton's law of acceleration.

A)For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
B)A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force.
C)A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it.
D)The faster that you exercise a muscle, the less time it takes to increase its strength.

Question 14

Which of the following terms is defined as the rate of change in velocity?

A)Momentum
B)Acceleration
C)Inertia
D)Impulse

Question 15

Identify Newton's law of reaction.

A)For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
B)A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force.
C)A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it.
D)The more weight ones left regularly the more the muscles react by gaining strength.

Question 16

Which of the following is a type of friction?

A)Static
B)Kinetic
C)Both static and kinetic
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about kinetic friction?

A)It is the friction between two objects that are sliding along each other.
B)It is the amount of friction between two objects that are currently stationary.
C)It is always greater than static friction.
D)It is much less than rolling friction.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is false about forces?

A)They either push or pull on an object in an attempt to affect motion or shape.
B)They are the product of mass times acceleration.
C)Without forces acting on an object, there is no motion.
D)They are relative to the mass of an object.

Question 19

Which of the following is not an example of forces that act individually or in combination to provide mechanical loading that may result in excessive tissue deformation?

A)Compression
B)Straightening
C)Shear
D)Bending

Question 20

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Static friction is always much less than rolling friction.
B)Static equilibrium is when the body is at rest or completely motionless.
C)Kinetic friction is always much less than rolling friction.
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 21

Which of the following could be done to reduce the amount of force needed to move a lever?

A)Move the resistance closer to the axis
B)Apply the force farther from the axis
C)Decrease the amount of resistance
D)All of the answers are correct

Question 22

Which of the following levers would be most effective to use to move a specific object if your only objective was a slight movement of the object?

A)A first-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 10
B)A second-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 20
C)A third-class lever with a resistance arm of 20 and a force arm of 10
D)Each lever would be just as effective as the others

Question 23

Which of the following levers would be best to use to move a specific object if your only objective was speed of the object's movement?

A)A first-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 10
B)A second-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 20
C)A third-class lever with a resistance arm of 20 and a force arm of 10
D)Each lever would be just as effective as the others.

Question 24

___________ occurs when all the applied and inertial forces acting on a moving body are in balance, resulting in movement with unchanging speed or direction.

A)Dynamic equilibrium
B)Acceleration
C)Treppe
D)Static equilibrium

Question 25

Momentum, or the quality of motion, is equal to __________.

A)the rate of change in velocity
B)mass times acceleration
C)the product of force and time
D)mass times velocity

Question 26

The _____ is the point at which all of the body's mass and weight is equally balanced or equally distributed in all directions.

A)balance point
B)point of equilibrium
C)axis
D)center of gravity

Question 27

Biomechanics is the study of mechanics related to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems.

Question 28

Statics involves the study of systems that are in a constant state of motion.

Question 29

Statics involves all forces acting on a body being in balance resulting in the body being in equilibrium.

Question 30

Dynamics involves the study of systems in motion with acceleration.

Question 31

Levers rotate about an axis of rotation as a result of force being applied to them to cause their movement in the same direction as the resistance.

Question 32

In the context of first-class levers, the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis.

Question 33

In order for rotation to occur in objects with a fixed axis an eccentric force must be applied in line with the center of rotation of the object.

Question 34

A resistance arm is defined as the distance between an axis and the point of resistance application.

Question 35

Slight variations in the location of a force and a resistance have no effect in determining the mechanical advantage (MA) and effective force of a muscle.

Question 36

Overall the human leverage system is built for speed and range of movement at the expense of force generation.

Question 37

Short force arms and long resistance arms require great muscular strength to produce movement.

Question 38

In the context of wheels and axles, only the radius of the wheel corresponds to the force arms.

Question 39

Linear displacement is the distance a system moves in a straight line.

Question 40

Angular displacement is the change in location of a linearly moving body.

Question 41

Mass is the effect of gravity on the amount of matter in a body.

Question 42

The mass of an object affects the speed and acceleration of the object in physical movements.

Question 43

Friction is the force that results from the resistance between the surfaces of two objects moving on each other.

Question 44

Static friction is always greater than kinetic friction and rolling friction.

Question 45

Muscles are the main internal source of force that produces or changes movement of a body segment or an entire body.

Question 46

In rapid running movements in which moving inertia is high, an individual has to raise the body's center of gravity to maintain balance when stopping or changing direction.

Question 47

Some circumstances exist where the quality of movement is improved when the body tends to be unbalanced.

Question 48

Velocity is how fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time.

Question 49

Impulse is the product of force and time.

Question 50

A person riding a bicycle in a straight line at 7.5 miles per hour would be more balanced than the same person riding the bicycle at 4.8 miles per hour in a straight line.

Question 51

A football player in a four-point stance has more balance than the same football player in a three-point stance.

Question 52

Assuming that the bat speed and pitched ball velocity were the same, the ball hit with the middle of the bat would travel farther than the ball hit with the larger end of the bat.