Deck 15: Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Women under age 50 have fewer heart attacks than men the same age.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which cholesterol, fat, and fibrous tissue build up in the arterial walls.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Lack of exercise can increase blood cholesterol levels.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Lipid is a general term for fatty substances.

Question 5

The higher the total cholesterol and LDL levels in the bloodstream, the greater is the risk of heart attack.

Question 6

Controversy still exists about the extent to which American adults should undergo periodic blood cholesterol screening.

Question 7

The amount and type of fat eaten have considerable impact on blood cholesterol levels.

Question 8

The Pritikin Diet often produces considerable reduction in blood cholesterol levels.

Question 9

The first step in the control of cholesterol levels should be through dietary means.

Question 10

Several health food store products have been Falsely touted as useful for lowering blood cholesterol levels.

Question 11

Most people with hypertension can lower their blood pressure to some degree through lifestyle changes.

Question 12

High blood levels of homocysteine appear to be a risk factor for heart disease.

Question 13

A diet high in soluble fiber has been shown to improve blood cholesterol levels.

Question 14

The relationship of high blood triglyceride levels to cardiovascular disease is unclear.

Question 15

Cholesterol is required by the body to maintain life.

Question 16

Second-hand smoke increases the risk of CHD in nonsmokers by 30%.

Question 17

About 50% of Americans have a total cholesterol level of 200 or above.

Question 18

Trans-fatty acids tend to reduce HDL and increase LDL.

Question 19

According to the FDA, red yeast rice is subject to regulation as a drug and not as a dietary supplement.

Question 20

Screening for elevated homocysteine levels is not recommended for any group of individuals.

Question 21

Studies have shown that people who eat more vegetables, fruits, and cereal fibers have higher rates of CHD.

Question 22

In recent years, clinical trials have been unable to demonstrate that effective treatments can significantly lower the incidence of CHD.

Question 23

Diet plays a minor role in atherosclerosis.

Question 24

Obesity can lower blood cholesterol levels.

Question 25

People with low blood levels of HDL have a low risk of development of coronary heart disease.

Question 26

Most of the cholesterol that the body needs is manufactured in the pancreas.

Question 27

Products that are low in cholesterol must also be low in fat.

Question 28

Taking garlic supplements has been proved to be a safe and effective way to improve blood cholesterol levels.

Question 29

The diagnosis of high blood pressure can easily be established through a single reading of the measurement instrument.

Question 30

The amount of cholesterol in the diet is the main factor that determines the level of LDL-cholesterol in the blood.

Question 31

The percentage of deaths in America attributable to cardiovascular disease is

A) about 25%.
B) about 38%.
C) about 60%.
D) unknown.
E) rising rapidly.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

A) high blood pressure
B) cigarette smoking
C) moderate alcohol intake
D) high LDL level
E) sedentary lifestyle

Question 33

Which of the following is not a risk factor for high blood pressure?

A) obesity
B) diabetes
C) lack of exercise
D) cigarette smoking
E) all of the choices are correct

Question 34

The "desirable"total cholesterol level designated for adults by the National Cholesterol Education Program

A) is less than 40 mg/dL.
B) is less than 100 mg/dL.
C) is less than 200 mg/dL.
D) depends on the presence of LDL and HDL.
E) is none of these choices.

Question 35

NCEP's "optimal"level for LDL cholesterol

A) is less than 40 mg/dL.
B) is less than 100 mg/dL.
C) is less than 200 mg/dL.
D) depends on the total cholesterol value.
E) is none of these choices.

Question 36

All the following dietary changes are likely to improve blood cholesterol levels except

A) lowering total dietary fat content.
B) reducing weight, if overweight.
C) eating fewer complex carbohydrates.
D) consuming more soluble fiber.

Question 37

How many calories are in one gram of fat?

A) 4
B) 9
C) 1,500
D) 3,500
E) It depends on the kind of fat.

Question 38

Which of the following contains a significant amount of soluble fiber?

A) oat bran
B) salmon
C) white bread
D) pizza

Question 39

Which of the following does not contribute to high blood pressure?

A) obesity
B) aerobic exercise
C) cigarette smoking
D) high sodium intake

Question 40

Which of the following is a normal blood pressure?

A) 120/80 mm Hg
B) 130/90 mm Hg
C) 160/80 mm Hg
D) 72 beats per minute

Question 41

The typical symptoms of a heart attack include all the following except

A) uncomfortable pressure or pain in center of chest.
B) abdominal cramps.
C) pain radiating down left arm.
D) sweating, shortness of breath, and nausea.

Question 42

The diagnostic tests used to evaluate the function of the heart and blood vessels include all the following except

A) electrocardiogram.
B) exercise or "stress" test.
C) angioplasty.
D) coronary angiography.

Question 43

The most common cause of death from cardiovascular disease is

A) stroke.
B) rheumatic heart disease.
C) coronary heart disease.
D) congestive heart failure.
E) congenital heart disease.

Question 44

What is the percentage of fat in a food that contains 100 calories and 4 grams of fat?

A) 4%
B) 16%
C) 25%
D) 36%
E) More information is needed to make this calculation.

Question 45

Which of the following characterizes niacin's utility in improving blood cholesterol levels?

A) It is safe enough to be taken without medical supervision because it is a vitamin.
B) It is valuable if used properly, although it can irritate the liver and cause flushing of the skin.
C) It is one of the most expensive cholesterol-lowering drugs.
D) It is effective enough that people with high cholesterol who take it don't have to worry about how much fat they consume.
E) It has not been proved effective.