Deck 6: Aggregate Incomes
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ملء الشاشة (f)
Deck 6: Aggregate Incomes
1
The income per capita in Baltonia is 64,163 in Baltonian currency.If the price of a basket of goods worth $1 in the United States is 5.50 units of Baltonian currency,Baltonia's income per capita in PPP is ________.
A) $11,666
B) $2,832
C) $10,257.48
D) $15,624.50
A) $11,666
B) $2,832
C) $10,257.48
D) $15,624.50
$11,666
2
Which of the following tools is used to compare the income per capita across countries?
A) The production possibilities frontier
B) The purchasing power parity (PPP)
C) The headcount index
D) The GDP deflator
A) The production possibilities frontier
B) The purchasing power parity (PPP)
C) The headcount index
D) The GDP deflator
The purchasing power parity (PPP)
3
If the income per capita in United Kingdom is £23,800 and the dollar per pound exchange rate is 1.68 in 2014,then income per capita in the United Kingdom in U.S.dollars in the same year is ________.
A) $12,812
B) $22,829
C) $30,400
D) $39,984
A) $12,812
B) $22,829
C) $30,400
D) $39,984
$39,984
4
Income per capita is gross domestic product (GDP)divided by ________.
A) total units of all goods produced
B) total population
C) total labor force
D) total amount of capital used
A) total units of all goods produced
B) total population
C) total labor force
D) total amount of capital used
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5
Scenario: The price of a given basket of goods in Country 1 is 10 karls. The price of the same basket of goods in Country 2 is 25 ritz and is $2 in the United States. Country 1 has an income per capita of 3,200 karls, and Country 2 has an income per capita of 5,500 ritz.
Refer to the scenario above.The price of a basket of goods worth $1 in the United States is ________ in Country 1.
A) 5 karls
B) 20 karls
C) 25 karls
D) 50 karls
Refer to the scenario above.The price of a basket of goods worth $1 in the United States is ________ in Country 1.
A) 5 karls
B) 20 karls
C) 25 karls
D) 50 karls
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6
The value of Japan's income per capita in dollars will increase if ________.
A) the dollar per yen exchange rate increases
B) the dollar per yen exchange rate decreases
C) the U.S. income per capita increases
D) the value of Japan's income per capita in yen decreases
A) the dollar per yen exchange rate increases
B) the dollar per yen exchange rate decreases
C) the U.S. income per capita increases
D) the value of Japan's income per capita in yen decreases
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7
A bundle of goods that costs $1 in the United States is worth 5 units in Country A's currency.If Country A's GDP in its own currency is 5,000,000 units,Country A's GDP in PPP-adjusted dollars will be ________.
A) $1,000,000
B) $2,500,000
C) $3,000,000
D) $50,000,000
A) $1,000,000
B) $2,500,000
C) $3,000,000
D) $50,000,000
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8
Which of the following is true?
A) Exchange-rate-based measures of income per capita are identical to PPP-based measures of income per capita.
B) Exchange-rate-based measures of income per capita differ from PPP-based measures of income per capita.
C) The gap between the income per capita in the United States and the income per capita in poorer countries is large when PPP-based measures are used.
D) The gap between the income per capita in the United States and the income per capita in poorer countries is small when exchange-rate-based measures are used.
A) Exchange-rate-based measures of income per capita are identical to PPP-based measures of income per capita.
B) Exchange-rate-based measures of income per capita differ from PPP-based measures of income per capita.
C) The gap between the income per capita in the United States and the income per capita in poorer countries is large when PPP-based measures are used.
D) The gap between the income per capita in the United States and the income per capita in poorer countries is small when exchange-rate-based measures are used.
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9
If the aggregate income of an island country is $8 million and income per capita is $5,000,the total population of the island is ________.
A) 1,600
B) 20,000
C) 40,000
D) 106,000
A) 1,600
B) 20,000
C) 40,000
D) 106,000
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10
The income per capita in a country with a population of 50,000 is $4,500.Its GDP is ________.
A) $54,500
B) $900,000
C) $120,000,000
D) $225,000,000
A) $54,500
B) $900,000
C) $120,000,000
D) $225,000,000
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11
Suppose the price of an iPad is $500 in the United States and 30,000 rupees in India.If an iPad is representative of the average prices in a country,then the price of a basket of goods worth $1 in the United States costs ________ rupees in India.
A) 0.17
B) 2
C) 60
D) 100
A) 0.17
B) 2
C) 60
D) 100
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12
Scenario: The price of a given basket of goods in Country 1 is 10 karls. The price of the same basket of goods in Country 2 is 25 ritz and is $2 in the United States. Country 1 has an income per capita of 3,200 karls, and Country 2 has an income per capita of 5,500 ritz.
Refer to the scenario above.A basket of goods worth $1 in the United States has a price of ________ in Country 2.
A) 12.5 ritz
B) 25 ritz
C) 50 ritz
D) 320 ritz
Refer to the scenario above.A basket of goods worth $1 in the United States has a price of ________ in Country 2.
A) 12.5 ritz
B) 25 ritz
C) 50 ritz
D) 320 ritz
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13
Scenario: The price of a given basket of goods in Country 1 is 10 karls. The price of the same basket of goods in Country 2 is 25 ritz and is $2 in the United States. Country 1 has an income per capita of 3,200 karls, and Country 2 has an income per capita of 5,500 ritz.
Refer to the scenario above.Which of the following is true?
A) The PPP-adjusted income per capita in Country 1 is $3,500.
B) The PPP-adjusted income per capita in Country 2 is $5,800.
C) The PPP-adjusted income per capita in Country 1 is higher than that in Country 2.
D) The PPP-adjusted income per capita in Country 1 is lower than that in Country 2.
Refer to the scenario above.Which of the following is true?
A) The PPP-adjusted income per capita in Country 1 is $3,500.
B) The PPP-adjusted income per capita in Country 2 is $5,800.
C) The PPP-adjusted income per capita in Country 1 is higher than that in Country 2.
D) The PPP-adjusted income per capita in Country 1 is lower than that in Country 2.
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14
The GDPs of Country X and Country Y were found to be equal in a particular year.However,the income per capita in Country X was higher than the income per capita in Country Y.This implies that ________.
A) the population of Country X is higher than the population of Country Y
B) the population of Country X is lower than the population of Country Y
C) the number of workers in Country X is higher than the number of workers in Country Y
D) the number of workers in Country X is lower than the number of workers in Country Y
A) the population of Country X is higher than the population of Country Y
B) the population of Country X is lower than the population of Country Y
C) the number of workers in Country X is higher than the number of workers in Country Y
D) the number of workers in Country X is lower than the number of workers in Country Y
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15
Which of the following should be used to compare the incomes of countries with huge differences in the cost of living?
A) Gross national product
B) Income per working age population
C) Exchange-rate-based measures of income per capita
D) PPP-based measures of income per capita
A) Gross national product
B) Income per working age population
C) Exchange-rate-based measures of income per capita
D) PPP-based measures of income per capita
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16
The population of Potentia doubled in 20 years,while its income per capita remained unchanged during the same period of time.This implies that ________.
A) its GDP also doubled
B) its price level halved
C) its GDP remained constant
D) its price level doubled
A) its GDP also doubled
B) its price level halved
C) its GDP remained constant
D) its price level doubled
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17
The currency used in Spain is the euro,and the currency used in the U.S.is the dollar.Which of the following will lead to a decrease in the value of Spain's income per capita in dollars?
A) An increase in the dollar per euro exchange rate
B) A decrease in the dollar per euro exchange rate
C) A decrease in the income per capita in the United States
D) An increase in the value of Spain's income per capita in euros
A) An increase in the dollar per euro exchange rate
B) A decrease in the dollar per euro exchange rate
C) A decrease in the income per capita in the United States
D) An increase in the value of Spain's income per capita in euros
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18
The average income per capita in a country in its own currency is 75,000 units.If U.S.$1 is worth 20 units of its currency,the income per capita in the country in dollars is ________.
A) $1,850
B) $2,500
C) $3,750
D) $15,000
A) $1,850
B) $2,500
C) $3,750
D) $15,000
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19
The GDP of a small country with a population of 200,000 is $56,000,000.The income per capita in the country is ________.
A) $50
B) $100
C) $200
D) $280
A) $50
B) $100
C) $200
D) $280
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20
If the population of a country increases,GDP remaining constant,then its ________.
A) income per capita will remain unchanged
B) income per capita will decrease
C) trade deficit will decrease
D) gross national product will increase
A) income per capita will remain unchanged
B) income per capita will decrease
C) trade deficit will decrease
D) gross national product will increase
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21
Scenario: The price of an iPhone 5s in the United States is $399. The table below lists the income per capita and the price of the same iPhone in the domestic currencies of four different countries in 2014.

Refer to the scenario above.What is the PPP-based exchange rate between the currency of Country 1 and the U.S.dollar?
A) 2.5 units of Country 1's currency for $1
B) 0.4 units of Country 1's currency for $1
C) 1 unit of Country 1's currency for $2.50
D) 1.2 units of Country 1's currency for $1

Refer to the scenario above.What is the PPP-based exchange rate between the currency of Country 1 and the U.S.dollar?
A) 2.5 units of Country 1's currency for $1
B) 0.4 units of Country 1's currency for $1
C) 1 unit of Country 1's currency for $2.50
D) 1.2 units of Country 1's currency for $1
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22
Scenario: The price of a standard basket of goods in Country A is 10 pesos. The price of the same basket of goods in country B is 25 francs and $5 in the United States. Country A has an income per capita of 60,000 pesos, and country B has an income per capita of 100,000 francs. Assume full employment in both countries.
Refer to the scenario above.The difference between the GDP per capita in Country A and country B is ________.
A) $20,000
B) $40,000
C) $10,000
D) $60,000
Refer to the scenario above.The difference between the GDP per capita in Country A and country B is ________.
A) $20,000
B) $40,000
C) $10,000
D) $60,000
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23
Explain the concept of PPP.
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24
Scenario: The price of an iPhone 5s in the United States is $399. The table below lists the income per capita and the price of the same iPhone in the domestic currencies of four different countries in 2014.

Refer to the scenario above.The income per capita in Country 2 in PPP-adjusted dollars is ________.
A) $5,985
B) $6,834
C) $12,655
D) $4,236

Refer to the scenario above.The income per capita in Country 2 in PPP-adjusted dollars is ________.
A) $5,985
B) $6,834
C) $12,655
D) $4,236
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25
Country A and Country B happen to have the same GDP per capita.The standard of living is said to be higher in Country A than in Country B.This could be because ________.
A) the workforce in Country A is relatively bigger
B) productivity is relatively greater in Country A
C) the same goods and services are relatively more costly in Country A
D) high income disparity in Country B prevents its GDP per capita from giving a full picture of the well-being of its people
A) the workforce in Country A is relatively bigger
B) productivity is relatively greater in Country A
C) the same goods and services are relatively more costly in Country A
D) high income disparity in Country B prevents its GDP per capita from giving a full picture of the well-being of its people
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26
Scenario: The price of a standard basket of goods in Country A is 10 pesos. The price of the same basket of goods in country B is 25 francs and $5 in the United States. Country A has an income per capita of 60,000 pesos, and country B has an income per capita of 100,000 francs. Assume full employment in both countries.
Refer to the scenario above.Assume workers in Country A on average work 10 percent more than workers in Country B.What would happen to GDP per capita in Country B if workers in Country B were required to increase their work by 10 percent?
A) Country B's GDP per capita would be equal to GDP per capita in Country A.
B) The difference between GDP per capita in Countries A and B would increase.
C) The difference between GDP per capita in Countries A and B would decrease.
D) Country B's GDP per capita would remain constant.
Refer to the scenario above.Assume workers in Country A on average work 10 percent more than workers in Country B.What would happen to GDP per capita in Country B if workers in Country B were required to increase their work by 10 percent?
A) Country B's GDP per capita would be equal to GDP per capita in Country A.
B) The difference between GDP per capita in Countries A and B would increase.
C) The difference between GDP per capita in Countries A and B would decrease.
D) Country B's GDP per capita would remain constant.
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27
The following table shows economic data for two countries.

Refer to the table above.The GDP per capita in Country A adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP)is equal to ________.
A) $27,200
B) $34,000
C) $50,000
D) $53,125

Refer to the table above.The GDP per capita in Country A adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP)is equal to ________.
A) $27,200
B) $34,000
C) $50,000
D) $53,125
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28
The following table shows economic data for two countries.

Refer to the table above.Income per worker in Country B is equal to ________.
A) $42,000
B) $58,333
C) $55,555
D) $50,505

Refer to the table above.Income per worker in Country B is equal to ________.
A) $42,000
B) $58,333
C) $55,555
D) $50,505
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29
The value of a vacation home in Italy to its American owner will increase if the ________.
A) euro to dollar exchange rate increases
B) income per capita in Italy increases
C) purchasing power parity (PPP) is relatively greater in the United States
D) PPP-adjusted income is relatively greater in Italy
A) euro to dollar exchange rate increases
B) income per capita in Italy increases
C) purchasing power parity (PPP) is relatively greater in the United States
D) PPP-adjusted income is relatively greater in Italy
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30
Over the course of 10 years,a country's population doubles.During this time,its GDP increases from $10 trillion to $12 trillion.Pete,who lives in this country and buys the same goods and services every year,finds that he is still paying the same price for them.This implies that ________.
A) productivity in this country has decreased
B) purchasing power parity in this country has decreased
C) the country's workforce has more than doubled
D) Both A and B
A) productivity in this country has decreased
B) purchasing power parity in this country has decreased
C) the country's workforce has more than doubled
D) Both A and B
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31
The following table shows economic data for two countries.

Refer to the table above.When comparing the PPP-adjusted GDP per capita in Countries A and B,what can we say about the difference in standard of living between the two countries?
A) Because the cost of living is lower in Country A, its standard of living is lower even when we look at the PPP-adjusted GDP per capita.
B) The exchange-rate-based measure of GDP per capita ignores the fact that the cost of living is lower in Country A.
C) When using the PPP-adjusted measure, the standard of living appears to be higher in the country with the lower exchange-rate-based measure for GDP per capita.
D) Both B and C.

Refer to the table above.When comparing the PPP-adjusted GDP per capita in Countries A and B,what can we say about the difference in standard of living between the two countries?
A) Because the cost of living is lower in Country A, its standard of living is lower even when we look at the PPP-adjusted GDP per capita.
B) The exchange-rate-based measure of GDP per capita ignores the fact that the cost of living is lower in Country A.
C) When using the PPP-adjusted measure, the standard of living appears to be higher in the country with the lower exchange-rate-based measure for GDP per capita.
D) Both B and C.
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32
Scenario: The price of a standard basket of goods in Country A is 10 pesos. The price of the same basket of goods in country B is 25 francs and $5 in the United States. Country A has an income per capita of 60,000 pesos, and country B has an income per capita of 100,000 francs. Assume full employment in both countries.
Refer to the above scenario.For 100 francs,how many baskets of goods that cost $1 in the United States can one purchase in country A?
A) 4
B) 10
C) 5
D) 25
Refer to the above scenario.For 100 francs,how many baskets of goods that cost $1 in the United States can one purchase in country A?
A) 4
B) 10
C) 5
D) 25
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33
The following table shows economic data for two countries.

Refer to the table above.If the minimum wage increases from 10 rupee per hour to 15 rupee per hour in Country A and the retirement age in Country B decreases from 65 years to 60 years,all else equal,then ________.
A) GDP per capita in country B will increase
B) GDP per worker in country B will decrease
C) GDP per capita in country A will decrease
D) GDP per worker in county A will increase

Refer to the table above.If the minimum wage increases from 10 rupee per hour to 15 rupee per hour in Country A and the retirement age in Country B decreases from 65 years to 60 years,all else equal,then ________.
A) GDP per capita in country B will increase
B) GDP per worker in country B will decrease
C) GDP per capita in country A will decrease
D) GDP per worker in county A will increase
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34
What is the limitation of using exchange-rate-based measures as indicators of the standards of living across countries?
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35
The following table shows economic data for two countries.

Refer to the table above.During the next 2 years,GDP per capita remains constant in Country A.Population and GDP do not remain constant.Under which of the following growth rate scenarios is this possible?
A) 2 percent GDP growth and 2 percent population growth
B) 1 percent GDP growth and 2 percent population growth
C) 2 percent GDP growth and 2 percent population decrease
D) 1 percent GDP decrease and 1 percent population growth

Refer to the table above.During the next 2 years,GDP per capita remains constant in Country A.Population and GDP do not remain constant.Under which of the following growth rate scenarios is this possible?
A) 2 percent GDP growth and 2 percent population growth
B) 1 percent GDP growth and 2 percent population growth
C) 2 percent GDP growth and 2 percent population decrease
D) 1 percent GDP decrease and 1 percent population growth
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36
The following table shows economic data for two countries.

Refer to the table above.Compared to Country B,Country A ________.
A) is more productive
B) has a lower standard of living because the same bundle of goods is cheaper than in Country B
C) is less productive
D) has a comparable standard of living

Refer to the table above.Compared to Country B,Country A ________.
A) is more productive
B) has a lower standard of living because the same bundle of goods is cheaper than in Country B
C) is less productive
D) has a comparable standard of living
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37
Scenario: The price of an iPhone 5s in the United States is $399. The table below lists the income per capita and the price of the same iPhone in the domestic currencies of four different countries in 2014.

Refer to the scenario above.Which country has the highest income per capita in PPP-adjusted dollars?
A) Country 1
B) Country 2
C) Country 3
D) Country 4

Refer to the scenario above.Which country has the highest income per capita in PPP-adjusted dollars?
A) Country 1
B) Country 2
C) Country 3
D) Country 4
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38
The income per capita in Ruberia in a certain year was 7,240 rubies,and the income per capita in the United States in the same year was $48,000.A bundle of goods that costs 100 rubies in Ruberia has a price of $1,250 in the United States.Using the PPP-based method,determine which country has a higher income per capita.
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39
Which of the following is true?
A) The income per worker in a country is lower than its income per capita.
B) The income per worker in a country is higher than its income per capita.
C) The income per worker in a country increases when the amount of capital available in the country diminishes.
D) The income per capita in a country increases when there is an increase in the number of workers.
A) The income per worker in a country is lower than its income per capita.
B) The income per worker in a country is higher than its income per capita.
C) The income per worker in a country increases when the amount of capital available in the country diminishes.
D) The income per capita in a country increases when there is an increase in the number of workers.
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40
The following table shows economic data for two countries.

Refer to the table above.GDP per capita is higher in which country?
A) Country A
B) GDP per capita in Country A is equal to the GDP per capita in Country B
C) Country B
D) Cannot determine with the information given above

Refer to the table above.GDP per capita is higher in which country?
A) Country A
B) GDP per capita in Country A is equal to the GDP per capita in Country B
C) Country B
D) Cannot determine with the information given above
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41
Scenario: The price of a standard basket of goods in Country A is 10 pesos. The price of the same basket of goods in country B is 25 francs and $5 in the United States. Country A has an income per capita of 60,000 pesos, and country B has an income per capita of 100,000 francs. Assume full employment in both countries.
Refer to the scenario above.Suppose Country A passes a law that requires all workers to complete repeated safety workshops.One year after the law was passed,workers are on average 5 percent less productive.Workers in Country B continue to produce at the same rate as the year before.During the same year,the population in Country A and in Country B increases by 2 percent.Consequently,1 year after Country A passed the new law,________.
A) workers in Country B on average are more productive than workers in Country A
B) GDP in Country A increases, but GDP in Country B may or may not increase
C) GDP per capita in Country A decreases, and GDP per capita in Country B increases
D) GDP per capita in Country A decreases, while GDP in Country A may or may not increase
Refer to the scenario above.Suppose Country A passes a law that requires all workers to complete repeated safety workshops.One year after the law was passed,workers are on average 5 percent less productive.Workers in Country B continue to produce at the same rate as the year before.During the same year,the population in Country A and in Country B increases by 2 percent.Consequently,1 year after Country A passed the new law,________.
A) workers in Country B on average are more productive than workers in Country A
B) GDP in Country A increases, but GDP in Country B may or may not increase
C) GDP per capita in Country A decreases, and GDP per capita in Country B increases
D) GDP per capita in Country A decreases, while GDP in Country A may or may not increase
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42
Why might we want to use the Human Development Index to compare standards of living between countries?
A) Because countries may have different currencies, so that we cannot compare GDP per capita.
B) Because we need to adjust for purchasing power parity between countries.
C) Because other factors, such as schooling and life expectancy, might vary between countries even if they have the same GDP per capita.
D) Because GDP per capita is inaccurate when there is income inequality in a country.
A) Because countries may have different currencies, so that we cannot compare GDP per capita.
B) Because we need to adjust for purchasing power parity between countries.
C) Because other factors, such as schooling and life expectancy, might vary between countries even if they have the same GDP per capita.
D) Because GDP per capita is inaccurate when there is income inequality in a country.
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43
Scenario: In Riverland, life expectancy is rising and has just surpassed life expectancy in its neighbor country, Lakeland.
Refer to the scenario above.Country A has a slightly bigger exchange-rate-adjusted GDP per capita than country B.Based on this information,is the conclusion that the standard of living in country A is higher than the standard of living in country B correct?
A) The conclusion is correct.
B) The conclusion is incorrect.
C) The conclusion is correct if we base the measure of standard of living only on the purchasing power of people's income.
D) The conclusion is correct but may or may not hold if we introduce additional information.
Refer to the scenario above.Country A has a slightly bigger exchange-rate-adjusted GDP per capita than country B.Based on this information,is the conclusion that the standard of living in country A is higher than the standard of living in country B correct?
A) The conclusion is correct.
B) The conclusion is incorrect.
C) The conclusion is correct if we base the measure of standard of living only on the purchasing power of people's income.
D) The conclusion is correct but may or may not hold if we introduce additional information.
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44
The income per capita was equal in two neighboring countries in a particular year.However,Country 1 had a higher income per worker than Country 2.Which of the following is likely to be true?
A) The number of retired people will be higher in Country 2 than in Country 1.
B) The number of children younger than 15 will be higher in Country 2 than in Country 1.
C) The number of people employed will be higher in Country 2 than in Country 1.
D) The number of people unemployed will be lower in Country 1 than in Country 2.
A) The number of retired people will be higher in Country 2 than in Country 1.
B) The number of children younger than 15 will be higher in Country 2 than in Country 1.
C) The number of people employed will be higher in Country 2 than in Country 1.
D) The number of people unemployed will be lower in Country 1 than in Country 2.
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45
Scenario: The price of a standard basket of goods in Country A is 10 pesos. The price of the same basket of goods in country B is 25 francs and $5 in the United States. Country A has an income per capita of 60,000 pesos, and country B has an income per capita of 100,000 francs. Assume full employment in both countries.
Refer to the scenario above.Which of the following statements has to be true if we plot the relationship between income per capita (x-axis)and the Human Development Index (y-axis)?
A) Country A lies above and to the right of Country B
B) Country A lies to the right of Country B
C) Country A lies below and to the left of Country B
D) Country A lies above country B
Refer to the scenario above.Which of the following statements has to be true if we plot the relationship between income per capita (x-axis)and the Human Development Index (y-axis)?
A) Country A lies above and to the right of Country B
B) Country A lies to the right of Country B
C) Country A lies below and to the left of Country B
D) Country A lies above country B
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46
What is a key shortcoming of the Big Mac index?
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47
In France and Spain,a Big Mac costs 1 euro.Yet the standard of living is higher in ________.
A) Spain if a Big Mac is only a small part of people's consumption and Spain's GDP per capita is higher
B) France if its exchange rate is higher
C) Spain if all other goods are cheaper in Spain than in France
D) France if all other goods also cost the same in Spain and France but the GDP per capita is higher in France
A) Spain if a Big Mac is only a small part of people's consumption and Spain's GDP per capita is higher
B) France if its exchange rate is higher
C) Spain if all other goods are cheaper in Spain than in France
D) France if all other goods also cost the same in Spain and France but the GDP per capita is higher in France
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48
Scenario: In Riverland, life expectancy is rising and has just surpassed life expectancy in its neighbor country, Lakeland.
Refer to the scenario above.This implies that ________.
A) Riverland's per capita GDP has surpassed Lakeland's
B) Riverland's Human Development Index has surpassed Lakeland's
C) Riverland's Human Development Index likely will be greater than Lakeland's if its per capita GDP is greater and schooling is of similar length and quality
D) Riverland's per capita GDP likely will be greater than Lakeland's if the Human Development Index is greater
Refer to the scenario above.This implies that ________.
A) Riverland's per capita GDP has surpassed Lakeland's
B) Riverland's Human Development Index has surpassed Lakeland's
C) Riverland's Human Development Index likely will be greater than Lakeland's if its per capita GDP is greater and schooling is of similar length and quality
D) Riverland's per capita GDP likely will be greater than Lakeland's if the Human Development Index is greater
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49
Scenario: The price of a standard basket of goods in Country A is 10 pesos. The price of the same basket of goods in country B is 25 francs and $5 in the United States. Country A has an income per capita of 60,000 pesos, and country B has an income per capita of 100,000 francs. Assume full employment in both countries.
Refer to the scenario above.Assume Country A initially has a population of 10,000 people.If its population grows by 50 percent but its GDP remains constant,how will the standard of living change in Country B?
A) GDP per capita remains constant.
B) GDP per capita decreases by 33 percent.
C) GDP per capita decreases by 50 percent.
D) GDP per capita increases by 33 percent.
Refer to the scenario above.Assume Country A initially has a population of 10,000 people.If its population grows by 50 percent but its GDP remains constant,how will the standard of living change in Country B?
A) GDP per capita remains constant.
B) GDP per capita decreases by 33 percent.
C) GDP per capita decreases by 50 percent.
D) GDP per capita increases by 33 percent.
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50
An international agency uses the prices of iPads in different countries to compute the exchange rate between the currencies of these countries.Which of the following measures follows a similar approach?
A) The Big Mac index
B) The GDP deflator
C) The midcap index
D) The Human Development Index
A) The Big Mac index
B) The GDP deflator
C) The midcap index
D) The Human Development Index
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51
Scenario: The price of a standard basket of goods in Country A is 10 pesos. The price of the same basket of goods in country B is 25 francs and $5 in the United States. Country A has an income per capita of 60,000 pesos, and country B has an income per capita of 100,000 francs. Assume full employment in both countries.
Refer to the scenario above.Why could it be the case that the standard of living is higher in country B than in country A?
A) The PPP-adjusted GDPs differ from the exchange-rate-adjusted GDPs.
B) The numbers of workers in the two countries are not equal.
C) The exchange rates between pesos and the U.S. dollar and francs and the U.S. $ differ.
D) The composition of GDP per capita is not homogeneous within each country.
Refer to the scenario above.Why could it be the case that the standard of living is higher in country B than in country A?
A) The PPP-adjusted GDPs differ from the exchange-rate-adjusted GDPs.
B) The numbers of workers in the two countries are not equal.
C) The exchange rates between pesos and the U.S. dollar and francs and the U.S. $ differ.
D) The composition of GDP per capita is not homogeneous within each country.
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52
In a certain year,the income per capita in Country 1 was 1,800 in its domestic currency,while that of Country 2 was 32,000 in its domestic currency.
a)If 1 unit of Country 1's currency is worth 6.5 units of Country 2's currency,which country has a higher income per capita?
b)Which country is likely to have a higher Human Development Index and why?
a)If 1 unit of Country 1's currency is worth 6.5 units of Country 2's currency,which country has a higher income per capita?
b)Which country is likely to have a higher Human Development Index and why?
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53
Scenario: In 2010, Bozone had fifteen full-time (40 hours per week) employees and brewed 10 million cans of beer in 300 business days. Bozone paid each employee $15 per hour. In 2015, production increased to 20 million cans, and five new employees were hired. A new policy allowed employees to take the day off if it is a powder day at Bridger ski resort.
Refer to the scenario above.Assume there were no powder days in 2015.What can you say about the standard of living of an employee at Bozone in 2015 compared to an employee at Bozone in 2010?
A) Income per worker increased by 10 percent if Bozone paid each employee $15 per hour.
B) Standard of living remained the same if Bozone spent $3.6 million on wages.
C) Income per worker decreased by 10 percent if Bozone spend $2.7 million on wages.
D) Income per worker increased by 10 percent if Bozone paid each employee $20 per hour.
Refer to the scenario above.Assume there were no powder days in 2015.What can you say about the standard of living of an employee at Bozone in 2015 compared to an employee at Bozone in 2010?
A) Income per worker increased by 10 percent if Bozone paid each employee $15 per hour.
B) Standard of living remained the same if Bozone spent $3.6 million on wages.
C) Income per worker decreased by 10 percent if Bozone spend $2.7 million on wages.
D) Income per worker increased by 10 percent if Bozone paid each employee $20 per hour.
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54
The GDPs of four countries in a continent are equal.The number of people employed in each country is shown in the table below:

Which country has the highest income per worker?
A) Country 1
B) Country 2
C) Country 3
D) Country 4

Which country has the highest income per worker?
A) Country 1
B) Country 2
C) Country 3
D) Country 4
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55
Scenario: The price of a standard basket of goods in Country A is 10 pesos. The price of the same basket of goods in country B is 25 francs and $5 in the United States. Country A has an income per capita of 60,000 pesos, and country B has an income per capita of 100,000 francs. Assume full employment in both countries.
Refer to the scenario above.If GDP remains constant but the population in Country B grows by 50 percent over the next 5 years,how will the standard of living change in Country B?
A) People will be more likely to live below the absolute poverty line.
B) GDP per capita will still be well above the absolute poverty line.
C) On average, people will live above the poverty line, but some people may live below it.
D) No definite conclusion can be made without knowing Country B's initial population.
Refer to the scenario above.If GDP remains constant but the population in Country B grows by 50 percent over the next 5 years,how will the standard of living change in Country B?
A) People will be more likely to live below the absolute poverty line.
B) GDP per capita will still be well above the absolute poverty line.
C) On average, people will live above the poverty line, but some people may live below it.
D) No definite conclusion can be made without knowing Country B's initial population.
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56
Which of the following should be used to compare the incomes of countries with equal populations but different unemployment rates?
A) Gross national product
B) Income per worker
C) An exchange-rate-based measure of income per capita
D) A PPP-based measure of income per capita
A) Gross national product
B) Income per worker
C) An exchange-rate-based measure of income per capita
D) A PPP-based measure of income per capita
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57
Which of the following is an alternative measure of exchange rate proposed by The Economist magazine?
A) The Big Mac index
B) The Consumer Price Index
C) The GDP deflator
D) The midcap index
A) The Big Mac index
B) The Consumer Price Index
C) The GDP deflator
D) The midcap index
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58
Scenario: In 2010, Bozone had fifteen full-time (40 hours per week) employees and brewed 10 million cans of beer in 300 business days. Bozone paid each employee $15 per hour. In 2015, production increased to 20 million cans, and five new employees were hired. A new policy allowed employees to take the day off if it is a powder day at Bridger ski resort.
Refer to the scenario above.As a consequence of the new policy,productivity at Bozone ________.
A) increased if there were no powder days
B) decreased
C) increased
D) decreased if workers went skiing at least 10 percent of the time they would have otherwise worked
Refer to the scenario above.As a consequence of the new policy,productivity at Bozone ________.
A) increased if there were no powder days
B) decreased
C) increased
D) decreased if workers went skiing at least 10 percent of the time they would have otherwise worked
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59
Scenario: In 2010, Bozone had fifteen full-time (40 hours per week) employees and brewed 10 million cans of beer in 300 business days. Bozone paid each employee $15 per hour. In 2015, production increased to 20 million cans, and five new employees were hired. A new policy allowed employees to take the day off if it is a powder day at Bridger ski resort.
Refer to the scenario above.Assume that there were 60 powder days in 2015.Productivity at Bozone ________.
A) almost doubled
B) increased by 20 percent
C) decreased by 20 percent
D) remained the same
Refer to the scenario above.Assume that there were 60 powder days in 2015.Productivity at Bozone ________.
A) almost doubled
B) increased by 20 percent
C) decreased by 20 percent
D) remained the same
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60
Scenario: In Riverland, life expectancy is rising and has just surpassed life expectancy in its neighbor country, Lakeland.
Refer to the scenario above.As life expectancy is rising further in Riverland,its Human Development Index likely will ________.
A) increase by definition of the index
B) increase, because life expectancy and GDP per capita are often highly correlated
C) decrease, because GDP per worker will decrease as retired workers live longer
D) increase or decrease, depending on changes in productivity and other variables that constitute the index
Refer to the scenario above.As life expectancy is rising further in Riverland,its Human Development Index likely will ________.
A) increase by definition of the index
B) increase, because life expectancy and GDP per capita are often highly correlated
C) decrease, because GDP per worker will decrease as retired workers live longer
D) increase or decrease, depending on changes in productivity and other variables that constitute the index
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61
Which of the following is an example of physical capital in agricultural production?
A) A road
B) A tractor
C) A farmer
D) A canal
A) A road
B) A tractor
C) A farmer
D) A canal
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62
The GDP of a small country is $4,150,000,and the size of its employed labor force is 5,000.The income per worker in the country is ________.
A) $213
B) $445
C) $620
D) $830
A) $213
B) $445
C) $620
D) $830
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63
Workers in an economy are likely to be more productive if ________.
A) the size of the population is high
B) the economy has a large physical capital stock
C) the unemployment rate in the economy is low
D) the rate of inflation in the economy is high
A) the size of the population is high
B) the economy has a large physical capital stock
C) the unemployment rate in the economy is low
D) the rate of inflation in the economy is high
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64
The GDP of Neonland is 450,000 neons.It has a total population of 1,500; 30 percent of the total population in Neonland comprises retired workers,50 percent of the population is employed,and the remaining are unemployed children.
a)Calculate the income per capita in Neonland.
b)What is the income per worker in Neonland?
c)Is there a difference between the two measures? If yes,explain the reason for this difference.
a)Calculate the income per capita in Neonland.
b)What is the income per worker in Neonland?
c)Is there a difference between the two measures? If yes,explain the reason for this difference.
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65
The following table shows the GDP and total population in a particular year for four fictional countries:

Refer to the table above.Which country is likely to have the highest Human Development Index?
A) Agraria
B) Autarkia
C) Erbia
D) Montesia

Refer to the table above.Which country is likely to have the highest Human Development Index?
A) Agraria
B) Autarkia
C) Erbia
D) Montesia
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66
The Human Development Index combines ________,life expectancy,and measures of education to measure the standard of living in a country.
A) income per worker
B) income per capita
C) GDP
D) gross national product
A) income per worker
B) income per capita
C) GDP
D) gross national product
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67
If a country's GDP increases and all other variables remain constant,________.
A) its gross national product will fall
B) its trade surplus will increase
C) its income per capita will fall
D) its income per worker will increase
A) its gross national product will fall
B) its trade surplus will increase
C) its income per capita will fall
D) its income per worker will increase
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68
A country's unemployment rate fell from 6 percent to 5 percent during a year.If the country's total population,physical capital stock,and output remain unchanged,________.
A) its income per capita will fall
B) its income per worker will fall
C) its income per capita will increase
D) its income per worker will increase
A) its income per capita will fall
B) its income per worker will fall
C) its income per capita will increase
D) its income per worker will increase
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69
Countries with a higher income per capita are likely to have a ________.
A) lower Human Development Index
B) higher Human Development Index
C) lower life expectancy at birth
D) higher rate of unemployment
A) lower Human Development Index
B) higher Human Development Index
C) lower life expectancy at birth
D) higher rate of unemployment
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70
The productivity of workers in an economy will be high if the economy has ________.
A) a large working age population
B) a negative rate of inflation
C) high levels of human capital
D) a small physical capital stock
A) a large working age population
B) a negative rate of inflation
C) high levels of human capital
D) a small physical capital stock
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71
The following table shows the GDP and total population in a particular year for four fictional countries:

Refer to the table above.Which country is likely to have the lowest life expectancy at birth?
A) Agraria
B) Autarkia
C) Erbia
D) Montesia

Refer to the table above.Which country is likely to have the lowest life expectancy at birth?
A) Agraria
B) Autarkia
C) Erbia
D) Montesia
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72
Country A's income per capita is higher than that of Country B.Country A is likely to have ________.
A) a higher unemployment rate
B) a higher life expectancy at birth
C) a lower life expectancy at birth
D) a higher exchange rate
A) a higher unemployment rate
B) a higher life expectancy at birth
C) a lower life expectancy at birth
D) a higher exchange rate
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73
If the number of workers in a country is 12,000 and its income per worker is $380,its GDP is ________.
A) $1,240,000
B) $4,560,000
C) $524,000
D) $618,000
A) $1,240,000
B) $4,560,000
C) $524,000
D) $618,000
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74
Which of the following is a good measure of the productivity of employed people in a country?
A) Income per capita
B) Income per worker
C) GDP
D) Gross national product
A) Income per capita
B) Income per worker
C) GDP
D) Gross national product
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75
The GDP of a country is $500,000.If its income per worker is $100,the size of its employed labor force is ________.
A) 200
B) 2,500
C) 5,000
D) 8,000
A) 200
B) 2,500
C) 5,000
D) 8,000
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76
In Lutheria,there are 10,000 people in the age group of 0-14 years,30,000 people are employed,and 2,000 people are unemployed.Lutheria's GDP,measured in luthers,is 1 billion.Income per worker in Lutheria is ________ luthers.
A) 10,000
B) 23,667
C) 28,999
D) 33,333
A) 10,000
B) 23,667
C) 28,999
D) 33,333
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77
The income per worker in a country increases if ________.
A) the country's GDP increases, all other variables remaining constant
B) the country's GDP falls, all other variables remaining constant
C) the number of children in the country younger than 15 increases
D) the number of retired people in the country increases
A) the country's GDP increases, all other variables remaining constant
B) the country's GDP falls, all other variables remaining constant
C) the number of children in the country younger than 15 increases
D) the number of retired people in the country increases
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78
The main reason income per capita and income per worker vary across countries is because ________.
A) prices vary across countries
B) productivity varies across countries
C) currencies vary across countries
D) interest rates vary across countries
A) prices vary across countries
B) productivity varies across countries
C) currencies vary across countries
D) interest rates vary across countries
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79
The following table shows the GDP and total population in a particular year for four fictional countries:

Refer to the table above.Which country is likely to have the highest rate of poverty?
A) Agraria
B) Autarkia
C) Erbia
D) Montesia

Refer to the table above.Which country is likely to have the highest rate of poverty?
A) Agraria
B) Autarkia
C) Erbia
D) Montesia
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80
Suppose the number of people employed in a country increases.Everything else remaining unchanged,this will lead to a fall in the country's ________.
A) GDP
B) gross national product
C) consumer price index
D) income per worker
A) GDP
B) gross national product
C) consumer price index
D) income per worker
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