Deck 11: Culture, Ethnicity, and Social Class

Question 1

Culture, ethnicity, and social class are more likely to influence how individual consumers buy and use products than to explain how groups of consumers behave.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Many countries turn to the United States and England for new fads and culture trends.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In today's global society, cultural icons and behaviors are transmitted only through the Internet.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Many factors affect how we, as individuals and as societies, live, buy and consume.

Question 5

Culture refers to the set of values, ideas, artifacts, and other meaningful symbols that help individuals communicate, interpret, and evaluate as members of society.

Question 6

Abstract elements of culture include values, attitudes, ideas, personality types, and summary constructs, such as religion and politics.

Question 7

Unlike a brand, a culture cannot be represented symbolically.

Question 8

Cultural artifacts are sometimes referred to as material components.

Question 9

Products are sometimes used in ritual behavior, such as foods eaten during holidays or in a religious ceremony.

Question 10

Marketers rarely use cultural characteristics to segment markets on a global basis.

Question 11

When expanding globally, McDonald's discovered that it did not need to adjust its menu to reflect the cultural preferences of local markets.

Question 12

Two important elements of culture are values and norms.

Question 13

Norms are rules of behavior held by a vocal minority about how others should behave.

Question 14

Norms are rules of behavior held by a majority or a consensus of a group of how others should behave.

Question 15

Societal and personal values are always the same.

Question 16

Macroculture refers to the values and symbols of a segment of consumers.

Question 17

Macrocultures are also known as subcultures.

Question 18

Socialization is the process by which people develop their values, motivations, and habitual activity.

Question 19

The influence of peers and media is important in the adoption process.

Question 20

Although media reflects societal values, it cannot influence the values of individuals.

Question 21

Americans consume fewer pounds of poultry per year than beef and pork.

Question 22

Consumer socialization is the acquisition of consumption-related cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors.

Question 23

It is almost always easier to change cultural values through advertising than it is to change the marketing mix to conform to these values.

Question 24

Culture has a profound effect on why and how people buy and consume products and services.

Question 25

Culture affects many things, but not consumers' search behavior.

Question 26

During purchase, the amount of price negotiation expected by both seller and buyer is culturally determined.

Question 27

American and European consumers have some important differences in what they expect from their washing machines.

Question 28

Culture influences how individuals dispose of products.

Question 29

The basic group of products essential to a retailer's traffic, customer loyalty, and profits is known as the fundamental inventory mix.

Question 30

Core values define how products are used in society.

Question 31

Because people are so different, understanding core values offers little benefit to marketers.

Question 32

It is not possible to forecast changes in a society's values.

Question 33

As individuals grow older, their values change.

Question 34

The family has become the least important transfusive agent of values in most cultures.

Question 35

Over the past 40 years, there has been an increase in loyalty to traditional churches and religions.

Question 36

Women are more likely than men to define success in religious terms.

Question 37

A major institution that transmits values to consumers is education.

Question 38

In the past 35 years, the ratio of people pursuing a formal education has stayed about the same.

Question 39

Cohort analysis investigates the changes in patterns of behavior or attitudes of groups that are linked in some way.

Question 40

One dimension for characterizing, comparing, and contrasting national cultures is power distance.

Question 41

Parody display describes the mockery of status symbols and behavior.

Question 42

Geographic areas within a nation sometimes develop their own culture.

Question 43

Consumer researchers have yet to identify the core values that provide appeals for advertising and marketing programs.

Question 44

Specific consumers may not reflect the values of the ethnic group with which they are commonly identified.

Question 45

Acculturation measures the degree to which consumers have retained the culture in which they were raised.

Question 46

Gathering data from specific ethnic groups and comparing these data to those collected from other markets is called transcultural marketing research.

Question 47

Black women influence many purchases traditionally purchased by male householders and have a great deal of authority in their families.

Question 48

What begins as a trend or style for an ethnic market segment can become a mainstream cultural norm or symbol.

Question 49

Asian-Americans have the highest rate of education among any U.S. population category.

Question 50

Latinos are the largest ethnic microculture in the United States.

Question 51

Latinos are the fastest-growing ethnic market in the United States.

Question 52

Social class is defined as relatively permanent and homogeneous divisions in a society into which individuals or families sharing similar values, lifestyles, interests, wealth, status, education, economic position, and behavior can be categorized.

Question 53

To understand a consumer's social class, consumer analysts should examine occupation, personal preference, interactions, possessions, value orientations, and class consciousness.

Question 54

Your social class is influenced predominantly by your education.

Question 55

Income is the single best indicator of social class in most consumer research.

Question 56

Possessions are symbols of social class membership.

Question 57

Conspicuous consumption can help explain why different classes buy different products.

Question 58

Social mobility refers to the process of passing from one social class to another.

Question 59

Because of the difficulty of measuring a person's social class, it is not feasible to use social class for market segmentation.

Question 60

The number of consumers who aspire to higher social classes is much larger than those who are in them.

Question 61

Over half of the world's consumers live in a/n ____ society.

A) individualistic
B) collectivist
C) consumer-oriented
D) business-oriented
E) None of the above.

Question 62

Culture refers to:

A) a set of values
B) ideas
C) artifacts
D) other meaningful symbols
E) All of the above.

Question 63

Culture helps individuals to:

A) communicate
B) evaluate
C) interpret
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C

Question 64

Which of the following is not an influence on culture?

A) Ethnicity
B) Race
C) Religion
D) Artifacts
E) All of the above influence culture.

Question 65

Which of the following is not a cultural artifact?

A) Books
B) Buildings
C) Computers
D) A pair of Levi jeans
E) All of the above are cultural artifacts.

Question 66

Abstract elements of a culture can include:

A) Attitudes
B) Values
C) Summary constructs
D) B and C
E) A, B, and C

Question 67

Material components of a culture are sometimes referred to as:

A) cultural artifacts
B) products
C) symbols
D) brand names
E) None of the above.

Question 68

According to Chapter 11, products cannot also be utilized to provide:

A) symbols of meaning
B) icons
C) ritual behavior
D) family relationships
E) None of the above.

Question 69

Which of the following is not influenced by culture?

A) Values and norms
B) Beliefs and attitudes
C) Mental processes and learning
D) Sense of self and space
E) All of the above are influenced by culture.

Question 70

Norms are:

A) values and symbols that apply to entire society.
B) values and symbols of a respective group or segment of consumers.
C) rules of behavior about how individuals should behave.
D) A and C
E) B and C

Question 71

The processes by which people develop their values, motivations, and habitual activities are called:

A) macroculture
B) microculture
C) socialization
D) norms
E) None of the above.

Question 72

____ refers to the values and symbols that apply to an entire society or most of its citizens.

A) Macroculture
B) Microculture
C) Socialization
D) Norms
E) None of the above.

Question 73

Culture does not influence which stage of the decision-making process?

A) Search
B) Pre-purchase alternative evaluation
C) Purchase
D) Consumption
E) Culture influences all of these stages of the decision-making process.

Question 74

The basic group of products essential to a store's traffic, customer loyalty, and profits is known as ____.

A) core values
B) standard products
C) core merchandise
D) consistent earners
E) None of the above

Question 75

Which of the following statements about core values is incorrect?

A) Core values define how products are used in a society.
B) Core values provide negative and positive valences for brands and communication programs.
C) Core values define acceptable market relationships.
D) Core values define ethical behavior.
E) None of the above is incorrect.

Question 76

Chapter 11 acknowledges that changes in values may alter the responses of consumers to which of the following?

A) service offerings
B) retailing formats
C) advertising
D) A and C
E) All of the above.

Question 77

Chapter 11 acknowledges that values are changing for several reasons. Which of the following is not one of these reasons?

A) Changing family influences
B) Changing marketing practices
C) Changing religious influences
D) Changing educational institutions
E) All of the above are discussed in Chapter 11 as reasons for changing values.

Question 78

According to Chapter 11, which of the following is not one of the changes occurring in the family?

A) Increasing divorce rates
B) More time for in-home or parent-child influence.
C) The isolated nuclear family
D) A and C
E) All of the above are changes occurring in the family.

Question 79

Which of the following is not one of the trends in religion occurring in the United States?

A) An increase in loyalty to traditional churches and religions.
B) Women becoming more religious.
C) An increase in non-Christian religions.
D) A shift from traditional religion to spirituality.
E) All of the above are religious trends in the United States.

Question 80

Which of the following is not one of the consumer age cohorts discussed in Chapter 11?

A) The Depression cohort
B) The Boomers cohort
C) The Generation X cohort
D) The Drivers cohort
E) All of the above all are cohorts discussed in Chapter 11.