Deck 1: The Chemical Context of Life, Population Ecology, Genomes and Their Evolution

Question 1

If an atom of sulfur (atomic number 16) were allowed to react with atoms of hydrogen (atomic number 1), which of the molecules below would be formed?

A) S-H

B) H-S-H

C)
$\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{H} \\ \mathrm{I} \\ \mathrm{H}\end{array}$

D)


E) H=S=H

Answer 1

H-S-H

Question 2

In ammonium chloride salt (NH₄ Cl) the anion is a single chloride ion, Cl-. What is the cation of NH₄ Cl?

A) N, with a charge of +3
B) H, with a charge of +1
C) H₂ with a charge of +4
D) NH₄ with a charge of +1
E) NH₄ with a charge of +4

Answer 2

NH₄ with a charge of +1

Question 3

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Answer 3

Question 4

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form an anion with a charge of -1?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 5

Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a covalent bond?

A)


B)


C)


D)


E)

Question 6

Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form an ionic bond?

A)


B)


C)


D)


E)

Question 7

A given solution contains 0.0001(10^-4) moles of hydrogen ions [H⁺] per liter. Which of the following best describes this solution?

A) acidic: H⁺ acceptor
B) basic: H⁺ acceptor
C) acidic: H⁺ donor
D) basic: H⁺ donor
E) neutral

Question 8

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O $\rightarrow$ H₂CO₃. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is a weak acid. If CO₂ is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly-distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

A)


B)


C)


D)


E)

Question 9

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O $\rightarrow$ H₂CO₃. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is a weak acid. Respiring cells release CO₂. What prediction can we make about the pH of blood as that blood first comes in contact with respiring cells?

A) Blood pH will decrease slightly.
B) Blood pH will increase slightly.
C) Blood pH will remain unchanged.
D) Blood pH will first increase, then decrease as CO₂ combines with hemoglobin
E)Blood pH will first decrease, then increase sharply as CO₂ combines with hemoglobin.

Question 10

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

A)


B)


C)


D)


E)

Question 11

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

A)


B)


C)


D)


E)

Question 12

Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule:

Question 13

For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane (Figure 7.1) with its description.
Figure 7.1
-peripheral protein

Question 14

For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane (Figure 7.1) with its description.
Figure 7.1
-cholesterol

Question 15

-The tRNA shown in Figure 17.4 has its 3 $\prime$ end projecting beyond its 5 $\prime$ end. What will occur at this 3 $\prime$ end?

A) The codon and anticodon complement one another.
B) The amino acid binds covalently.
C) The excess nucleotides (ACCA) will be cleaved off at the ribosome.
D) The small and large subunits of the ribosome will attach to it.
E) The 5? cap of the mRNA will become covalently bound.

Question 16

Review the roles of RNA by filling in the following table:

Question 17

Exponential growth of a population is represented by dN/dt =

A) $\frac{r N}{K}$

B)rN

C)rN (K + N)

D) $r N \frac{(K-N)}{K}$

E) $r N \frac{(N-K)}{K}$

Question 18

Logistic growth of a population is represented by dN/dt =

A) $\frac{r N}{K}$

B)rN

C)rN (K + N)

D) $r N \frac{(K-N)}{K}$

E) $r N \frac{(N-K)}{K}$

Question 19

Which of the following graphs refer to this equation?
$\frac{d N}{d t}=0.5 \mathrm{~N}$

A)


B)


C)

D)


E)

Question 20

Which of the following graphs illustrates the growth curve of a small population of rodents that has grown to reach a static carrying capacity?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 21

Which of the following graphs illustrates the growth curve of a population of snowshoe hares over several seasons in northern Canada?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 22

When levels of CO₂ are experimentally increased, C₃ plants generally respond with a greater increase in productivity than C₄ plants. This is because

A) C₃ plants are more efficient in their use of CO₂.
B) C₃ plants are able to obtain the same amount of CO ₂ by keeping their stomata open for shorter periods of time.
C) C₄ plants dont use CO₂ as their source of carbon.
D) C₃ plants are more limited than C₄ plants by CO₂ availability because of transpirational water loss.
E) C₃ plants have special adaptations for CO₂ uptake, such as larger stomata.

Question 23

If $\psi$ _P = 0.3 MPa and $\psi$ _S = -0.45 MPa, the resulting $\psi$ is

A) +0.75 MPa.
B) -0.75 MPa.
C) -0.15 MPa.
D) +0.15 MPa.
E) -0.42 MPa.

Question 24

Which of the following seems to be the known upper and lower size limits of genomes?

A) 1-2900 Mb (million base pairs)
B) 1,500-40,000 Mb
C) 1-580,000 Mb
D) 100-120,000 Mb
E) 100-200,000 Mb

Question 25

The following questions refer to this information:
In the year 2500, five male space colonists and five female space colonists (all unrelated to each other) settle on an uninhabited Earthlike planet in the Andromeda galaxy. The colonists and their offspring randomly mate for generations. All ten of the original colonists had free earlobes, and two were heterozygous for that trait. The allele for free earlobes is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes

-Which of these is closest to the allele frequency in the founding population?

A) 0.1 a, 0.9 A
B) 0.2 a, 0.8 A
C) 0.5 a, 0.5 A
D) 0.8 a, 0.2 A
E) 0.4 a, 0.6 A