Deck 3: Households and Economies

Question 1

Which of the following is not a reason for the production of genetically modified foods?

A) It increases productivity.
B) It yields an organically produced and local plant.
C) It prevents loss due to pests and disease.
D) It makes the plant more climate resistant.

Answer 1

It yields an organically produced and local plant.

Question 2

Anthropologists have found that economic processes are inseparable from:

A) culture.
B) biology.
C) language.
D) geography.

Answer 2

culture.

Question 3

The study of how people produce, distribute, and consume goods is called:

A) business management.
B) marketing.
C) economics.
D) consumer research.

Answer 3

economics.

Question 4

The household involves all of the following except:

A) a division of labor.
B) a group of people who pool their resources in some way.
C) the smallest social unit of economic activity.
D) a unit whose membership is fixed and unchanging.

Question 5

All modes of production include each of the following except:

A) division of labor.
B) market exchange.
C) tools and skills utilized in production.
D) social relationships of people producing the goods.

Question 6

Which mode of production is the least labor intensive?

A) Foraging
B) Horticulture
C) Agriculture
D) Pastoralism

Question 7

Which mode of production has been the longest-lasting and the most durable over time?

A) Foraging
B) Horticulture
C) Agriculture
D) Pastoralism

Question 8

Which of the following would not be found in a foraging toolkit?

A) Digging stick
B) Gun
C) Plow
D) Spear

Question 9

What type of land resource property rights are found most commonly in foraging societies?

A) Industrial property
B) Corporate kinship property
C) Private property
D) Communal property

Question 10

Food producers involve all of the following except:

A) horticulturalists.
B) foragers.
C) agriculturalists.
D) pastoralists.

Question 11

What type of food do pastoralists produce?

A) Grain crops
B) Animal meat
C) Diverse plants and animals
D) They are food collectors and not food producers

Question 12

In what types of geographical regions do we primarily find horticulturalists?

A) Temperate zones
B) Desert regions
C) Semi-arid regions
D) Tropical and sub-tropical regions

Question 13

Political power in horticultural society is mostly associated with:

A) kinship.
B) status.
C) prestige.
D) gender.

Question 14

Pastoral societies tend to have trade relationships with:

A) foragers.
B) agriculturalists.
C) nomadic pastoralists.
D) industrial market economies.

Question 15

In which of the following would you expect to find a more strict sexual (gender) division of labor?

A) Pastoral societies
B) Horticultural societies
C) Swidden agricultural societies
D) Foraging societies

Question 16

The Bedouin of Oman traditionally practiced what mode of subsistence?

A) Foraging
B) Horticulture
C) Agriculture
D) Pastoralism

Question 17

Which of the following is not associated with intensive agriculture?

A) Permanent annual cropping
B) Intensive labor techniques
C) Intensive irrigation and fertilization
D) Increasing levels of social egalitarianism

Question 18

In industrial economies such as the U.S., farming has moved increasingly towards:

A) industrial agriculture.
B) family farms.
C) haciendas.
D) informal economies.

Question 19

Large farm enterprises in the U.S are commonly associated with:

A) a decrease in social stratification between rural and urban areas.
B) decreasing ability to deliver fertilizer and seeds.
C) a hierarchy of corporate owners.
D) an end to absentee ownership.

Question 20

In the 1950s, the international push of industrial agribusinesses to create high-yield varieties of crops and dramatically increase productivity was known as the:

A) Com Laws.
B) Green Revolution.
C) Farming Revolution.
D) Global Divestment.

Question 21

Today agribusiness is associated with each of the following except:

A) decreasing food nutritional value.
B) increase in crop varieties.
C) rising soil contamination and depletion.
D) increasing loss of crops due to weather and pests.

Question 22

A relationship of mutual support or helping in turn as needed is also called:

A) reciprocity.
B) redistribution.
C) barter.
D) market exchange.

Question 23

In a society such as that of the !Kung, which type of exchange system would you most expect to find?

A) Market exchange
B) Reciprocity
C) Redistribution
D) Trade

Question 24

Commodities are associated with which type of exchange?

A) Barter
B) Reciprocity
C) Redistribution
D) Market system

Question 25

If one woman has five tomatoes and the other woman has twenty nuts and they exchange these in a transaction that occurs "immediately" and with no delayed return, it is classified as:

A) market exchange.
B) trade.
C) redistribution.
D) reciprocity.

Question 26

Which of the following is associated only with a market economy under a capitalist system?

A) Use of principles of supply and demand
B) Delayed exchange over several weeks
C) Exchange as part of an ongoing social relationship between the two parties
D) Central storage of taxes for later dispersal as needed

Question 27

Which of the following is a production system that exclusively operates in the gaps of other economic systems?

A) Redistribution
B) Reciprocity
C) Informal economy
D) Trade

Question 28

Which of the following would not customarily be considered part of the formal economy?

A) Babysitting for neighbors
B) Managing a fast-food restaurant
C) Waiting tables for a chain restaurant
D) Teaching kindergarten

Question 29

Which of the following would not customarily be considered part of the informal economy?

A) Cutting grass for neighbors in the summer
B) Working as a janitor for a company
C) Babysitting
D) Doing housework for a few people on the weekends

Question 30

All of the following are ways to explain the presence of the informal economy except:

A)As an alternative economy that works to destroy and bring down the formal economy.
B)As a dual economy in which the informal and formal economies complement each other.
C)A situation in which labor in the informal economy supports and strengthens the formal economy.
D)As a way of subsidizing the formal economy with unpaid labor, such as that of housewives in their homes.

Question 31

How people consume goods is part of economics.

Question 32

Subsistence is production of a basic level of resources only.

Question 33

Households are the smallest stand-alone social unit as far as economic production.

Question 34

In general, foragers have less leisure time than agriculturalists.

Question 35

Horticulturalists are classified as food producers.

Question 36

Horticulturalists are highly mobile and live in seasonal dwellings.

Question 37

Pastoralists are dependent on sedentary communities for trade.

Question 38

Some pastoralists supplement food production through hunting.

Question 39

Today, the term "peasants" is considered far more accurate to define an agricultural way of life than the word "farmer."

Question 40

The Green Revolution has led to both positive and negative results.

Question 41

Under Marxist theory, the bourgeoisie are those whose labor provides the raw material for the development of capital and surplus value.

Question 42

Only under capitalist economies is labor seen as a commodity that people sell for wages.

Question 43

The most common form of exchange within an egalitarian society is redistribution.

Question 44

Markets originated as part of capitalist systems.

Question 45

Many illegal activities are part of the informal economy.

Question 46

​Describe an anthropological approach to economics.

Question 47

​Name and briefly describe each of the four primary modes of production.

Question 48

​What are the common features of a foraging society?

Question 49

What was the Green Revolution, and what were its environmental and social consequences?

Question 50

Compare a foraging society with a society based on industrial agribusiness. What common problems are they trying to address and what environmental, social, and political differences result from the two different modes of production?

Question 51

Create a chart listing and describing each of the different modes of production and how characteristics vary among them. Consider things such as technology, the role of the family, and social complexity. What differences do you see "across the board," so to speak?

Question 52

Compare and contrast the various types of exchange that can occur under different modes of production. Include the informal economy as part of your response.