Deck 2: Social Groups Stratification and Power

Question 1

Which of the following is not associated with the Dalit in India?

A) They are often given legal favors in criminal court.
B) They have occupational duties in society.
C) They are also called Untouchables.
D) They are commonly refused access to social resources.

Answer 1

They are often given legal favors in criminal court.

Question 2

Which social scientist argued that there were "patterns of culture" that helped shape the individual?

A) Ruth Benedict
B) Franz Boas
C) Pierre Bourdieu
D) Émile Durkheim

Answer 2

Ruth Benedict

Question 3

According to Durkheim, an individualist society is associated with all of the following except:

A) functional dependence.
B) specialized occupations and positions.
C) high levels of collective consciousness.
D) industrial economic systems.

Answer 3

high levels of collective consciousness.

Question 4

Which of the following terms refers to the system of social, political, and economic institutions that make possible a way of life?

A) Collectivist society
B) Anomie
C) Society
D) Culture

Question 5

Pierre Bourdieu argues that:

A) each culture is patterned differently and has a different personality.
B) each individual shares the generative principles of their culture and also has unique experiences.
C)There are two types of social structures and individuals conform to the type in which they are socialized.
D) social markers of difference occur equally across cultures and to all individuals.

Question 6

Among the young women on Lombok, Indonesia, the period of time in which significant social, emotional, and physical developments occur is called:

A) menarche.
B) menopause.
C) anomie.
D) potlatch.

Question 7

Because a social category designates a relationship with other categories, it is also called a:

A) social position.
B) social stratum.
C) social relationship.
D) culture.

Question 8

Which of the following is not commonly found cross-culturally as a category of social difference?

A) Age
B) Gender
C) Knowledge
D) Locality

Question 9

Which of the following terms is not usually associated with the concept of locality?

A) Place of origin
B) Race
C) Ethnicity
D) Gender

Question 10

The Maasai in Tanzania and Kenya have a social system that includes a(n):

A) class system.
B) age-set system.
C) caste system.
D) coercive power.

Question 11

In which type of society do we commonly find the importance of sharing and cooperation, flexibility in membership, and great respect for individuality?

A) States
B) Bands
C) Class systems
D) Age-set systems

Question 12

Worldwide, individuals such as Saint (Mother) Teresa and the writer Mario Vargas Llosa are marked socially by:

A) class mobility.
B) authoritative power.
C) ascribed status.
D) prestige.

Question 13

Groups such as the San frequently practice each of the following except:

A) combative techniques for reinforcing group cohesion.
B) extremely permissive child-rearing practices.
C) a regular pattern of visiting to avoid conflict within the group.
D) the use of joking to diffuse tense social situations.

Question 14

Gift exchange, visiting, and joking are all mechanisms used by the San to:

A) strengthen kinship relationships between different clans.
B) reduce conflict in the social group.
C) create strong social ties with other class groups in society.
D) reduce types of social differences in society.

Question 15

Power based on threat or physical force is called:

A) coercive power.
B) authoritative power.
C) persuasive power.
D) collective power.

Question 16

If your boss compels you to work on a Saturday, it is which type of power?

A) Social stratification
B) Coercive power
C) Persuasive power
D) Authoritative power

Question 17

How are rank and class systems different from the divisions into bands, tribes, and chiefdoms?

A) Rank and class systems are based on social differences and variation, while bands, tribes, and chiefdoms are based on locality.
B)Rank and class systems are based on inequalities in resources and power, while bands, tribes, and chiefdoms are based entirely on differences in modes of subsistence and lifestyle.
C)Rank and class systems are based on different political systems, while bands, tribes, and chiefdoms are based on social differences.
D)Rank and class systems are based on inequalities in resources and power, while bands, tribes, and chiefdoms are based on political differences.

Question 18

Groups that are distinguished from each other by their cultural traits are known as:

A) ethnic groups.
B) social strata.
C) social positions.
D) classes.

Question 19

The Minangkabau are classified as what type of society?

A) Agrarian class society
B) Industrial class society
C) Rank system
D) Caste system

Question 20

A society that has great differences in wealth, a hierarchy of statuses within society, very limited class mobility, and is associated with industrial economies is known as a:

A) rank society.
B) class society.
C) caste society.
D) egalitarian society.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of an agrarian class system?

A) There is never class mobility from one to another group.
B) It develops in societies dominated by farming.
C) The division of classes may lead one class to believe it has divine rights.
D) Commoners do not usually have kinship with elite.

Question 22

Peasants, serfs, and tenants are usually found to be associated with:

A) agrarian class systems.
B) industrial class systems.
C) rank systems.
D) egalitarian systems.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a group associated with late imperial agrarian class society in China?

A) Peddlers
B) Proletarians
C) Merchants
D) Scholars

Question 24

Which of the following is not necessarily true of class society in the United States today?

A) Class boundaries are somewhat blurred and run from one to another.
B) Classes tend to be tied to income, wealth, and education.
C) Upward movement is possible, although it is difficult.
D) Middle classes are freed from manual labor in the United States.

Question 25

According to the 2012 U.S. Census, the poverty line boundary in 2011 was around what income level for a family of four?

A) $14,000
B) $23,000
C) $32,000
D) $41,000

Question 26

Which of the following statements about the racial wealth gap is correct?

A)The recent racial wealth gap in the U.S. has benefitted whites over African Americans.
B)White ethnic groups tend to have lower overall wages than non-white ethnic groups.
C) Race is not a significant factor in shaping a person's upward mobility.
D)Most high-income African Americans make more than high-income whites.

Question 27

The cultural markings of class include all of the following except:

A) language.
B) dress.
C) right-handedness.
D) manners.

Question 28

"Jim Crow" laws were laws passed to:

A) keep whites and blacks separated and segregated.
B) prevent the sale and distribution of alcohol.
C) ensure equal opportunities for everyone in the U.S.
D) force companies to hire proportionate numbers of blacks into companies supported by tax reduction.

Question 29

Each of the following is a theory about the origin and purpose of the caste system in India except:

A)Castes are based on a concept of pure and impure substances devised to regulate boundaries between different groups.
B) castes are an ancient form of political factions that emerged from the imperial time period and are continued today.
C)Castes emerged from the Hindu practice of purity and impurity as far as contact with impure substances; it reflects occupational groups.
D)It is a system that emerged from the Indian history of four classes and the hierarchy among these groups; each represents different statuses and power.

Question 30

What is one of the most important uses of the Indian caste system today?

A) Marriage arrangements
B) Designation of tribal chiefs
C) Access to basic health care
D) Development of trade networks

Question 31

Culture and society are separate entities that never overlap.

Question 32

Benedict argued that anomie often affects those within an individualist society.

Question 33

The potlatch is common among the Hopi Indians in the U.S. Southwest.

Question 34

Young women on Lombok, Indonesia remove their head coverings once they become married.

Question 35

According to Ruth Benedict, standards of normal or abnormal behavior vary widely from one society to another.

Question 36

Age is a universal marker of social difference.

Question 37

Primogeniture is a way that age and gender intersect to create social differences.

Question 38

There are no social differences within an egalitarian society.

Question 39

Rank, class, and caste societies are all stratified.

Question 40

When two parties have somewhat equal negotiating status, you would expect to find use of authoritative power.

Question 41

Inequalities in class societies are extremely limited.

Question 42

Class mobility is common in class societies.

Question 43

Academic education was highly valued in imperial China.

Question 44

Segregation as practiced in the U.S. in the 1930s resembled a caste-like system.

Question 45

Castes in India today are changing.

Question 46

Compare and contrast a collective and an individualist society according to Durkheim.

Question 47

​Distinguish between status and prestige.

Question 48

​What are the common features of a band society?

Question 49

​Explain each of the three types of power found in societies.

Question 50

Identify and describe the social structure and classes in imperial China (Han Dynasty).

Question 51

Name and discuss the importance of each of the primary ways that we create social differences between individuals. ​

Question 52

Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between rank, class, and caste societies.

Question 53

How does an agrarian class society differ from an industrial class society? Consider class society in the contemporary U.S. with what you have learned in the EthnoCase about imperial China during the Han Dynasty.​