Deck 20: The Classification and Evolution of Organisms

Question 1

The science that names and groups organisms is

A) phylogeny.
B) Linnaeus.
C) taxonomy.
D) anatomy.

Answer 1

taxonomy.

Question 2

The science that seeks to show evolutionary relationships between organisms is

A) phylogeny.
B) anatomy.
C) taxonomy.
D) nomenclature.

Answer 2

phylogeny.

Question 3

The taxonomic subdivision immediately below the level of a kingdom is a

A) phylum.
B) family.
C) genus.
D) order.

Answer 3

phylum.

Question 4

Which of the following is considered the first group of organisms to have developed?

A) Archaea
B) Eucarya
C) Bacteria
D) Protozoa

Question 5

In studying fossils, biologists found an insect in a layer of clay, a flower in a layer of sand, a fish in a layer of mud, a reptile in a layer of clay, and a bird in a layer of rock. The insect probably lived at the same time as the

A) fish.
B) bird.
C) flower.
D) reptile.

Question 6

Free-living developmental stages that do not resemble the adults are

A) viruses.
B) embryos.
C) larvae.
D) fossils.

Question 7

Which of the following is used by phylogenetic biologists to determine how organisms are related evolutionarily?

A) DNA analysis
B) fossils
C) comparative studies of the anatomy of organisms
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 8

Single-celled organisms having cell walls and no nucleus are found in the Domain(s)

A) Eucarya.
B) Eucarya and Bacteria.
C) Bacteria and Archaea.
D) Eucarya and Archaea.

Question 9

Single-celled, eukaryotic, organisms without cell walls or chlorophyll are found in the Kingdom

A) Protista.
B) Animalia.
C) Prokaryotae.
D) Fungi.

Question 10

Multicellular, nonphotosynthetic organisms with cell walls are found in the Kingdom

A) Plantae.
B) Fungi.
C) Animalia.
D) Prokaryotae.

Question 11

A nonliving acellular structure that contains DNA is a

A) nucleus.
B) virus.
C) protein.
D) cell wall.

Question 12

The binomial system of naming organisms uses _________ words to identify an organism.

A) one
B) two
C) four
D) many

Question 13

The largest grouping within a phylum is a

A) class.
B) order.
C) kingdom.
D) family.

Question 14

Evidence of previously existing life is found in

A) viruses.
B) proteins.
C) DNA.
D) fossils.

Question 15

To help identify phylogenetic relationships scientists use

A) DNA.
B) fossils.
C) studies of the life cycle.
D) All of the above are correct

Question 16

A technique that uses comparisons of many characteristics to help determine phylogenetic relationships is

A) phylogeny.
B) DNA analysis.
C) cladistics.
D) binomial nomenclature.

Question 17

A fungus

A) is an autotroph.
B) lacks cell walls.
C) produces spores.
D) has a cellulose cell wall.

Question 18

Some green algae probably evolved into

A) Fungi.
B) Mosses.
C) Bacteria.
D) Protozoa.

Question 19

Alternation of sporophyte and gametophyte generations is a characteristic of

A) Fungi.
B) Archaea.
C) Bacteria.
D) Plantae.

Question 20

Photosynthetic, nonmotile organisms having cell walls belong to the Kingdom

A) Plantae.
B) Fungi.
C) Protista.
D) Animalia.

Question 21

Flagellated Protista probably gave rise to

A) Archaea.
B) Animalia.
C) Fungi.
D) Plantae.

Question 22

The Archaea and Bacteria are similar in that all

A) live in extreme environments.
B) carry on photosynthesis.
C) lack a nucleus.
D) carry on aerobic respiration.

Question 23

A host provides the means of reproduction for these acellular forms.

A) Plantae
B) Fungi
C) Algae
D) Viruses

Question 24

The use of the binomial system of nomenclature was developed by

A) Linnaeus.
B) Lamarck.
C) Oparin.
D) Taxa.

Question 25

If two organisms look completely different but you suspect they may be related, which of the following would be the most useful information to have?

A) fossils
B) anatomical information
C) DNA comparisons
D) None of these answers is useful.

Question 26

Which one of the following is probably not a valid phylogenetic group?

A) Plantae.
B) Animalia.
C) Fungi.
D) Protista.

Question 27

Cells having no nucleus would belong to the

A) Bacteria.
B) Protista.
C) Fungi.
D) Plantae.

Question 28

The method by which viruses multiply is known as

A) reproduction.
B) conversion.
C) replication.
D) sexual.

Question 29

Animals probably developed from

A) Bacteria.
B) Flagellated Protista.
C) Slimemolds.
D) Fungi.

Question 30

A receptor site identifies the proper host for a

A) Fungi.
B) Virus.
C) Plantae.
D) Protista.

Question 31

A cell's metabolic pathways can be taken over by the DNA from a

A) bacteria.
B) fungus.
C) virus.
D) host.

Question 32

Species are a division of a

A) family.
B) order.
C) phylum.
D) genus.

Question 33

A single loop of DNA is found in cells of

A) Bacteria.
B) Fungi.
C) Virus.
D) Plantae.

Question 34

Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by

A) viruses.
B) prions.
C) bacteria.
D) humans.

Question 35

An order can be subdivided into

A) families.
B) classes.
C) species.
D) subphylums.

Question 36

The group of organisms that is NOT comprised of eukaryotic cells is

A) Fungi.
B) Animalia.
C) Plantae.
D) Archaea.

Question 37

An example of a prokaryotic organism is

A) bacteria.
B) protozoa.
C) moss.
D) fern.

Question 38

Members of the Kingdom ____ are decomposers.

A) Archaea
B) Fungi
C) Plantae
D) Animalia

Question 39

The grouping that would include the largest number of species is the

A) genus.
B) phylum.
C) domain.
D) order.

Question 40

Some biologists believe that the process of endosymbiosis was responsible for the evolution of

A) eukaryotic cells.
B) viruses.
C) prokaryotic cells.
D) fungi.

Question 41

There are no cells with cell walls in the Kingdom

A) Protista.
B) Archaea.
C) Animalia.
D) Fungi.

Question 42

Which of the following rows is a correct match?

A) Row 1
B) Row 2
C) Row 3
D) Row 4

Question 43

Which of the following rows is a correct match?

A) Row 1
B) Row 2
C) Row 3
D) Row 4

Question 44

The taxonomic subdivisions from largest to smallest are

A) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
B) kingdom, class, phylum, order, genus, family, species.
C) kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species.
D) kingdom, order, class, phylum, genus, family, species.

Question 45

A scientific name contains the ____ names.

A) genus and specific epithet
B) kingdom and species
C) order and genus
D) phylum and order

Question 46

Carolus Linnaeus

A) created the five-kingdom classification system.
B) was the first person to attempt to systematically classify organisms.
C) introduced the binomial system of nomenclature.
D) developed a theory of evolution based on the similarities between organisms.

Question 47

The largest taxonomic grouping is the

A) kingdom.
B) phylum.
C) domain.
D) family.

Question 48

Which of the following pairs are most similar?

A) Virus--viroid
B) Bacteria--protozoa
C) Eucarya--virus
D) Prion--protozoa

Question 49

Which one of the following is false concerning viruses?

A) A virus is composed of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
B) All viruses are parasites.
C) When a virus reproduces, it enters a host cell and directs it to synthesize copies of the invading virus.
D) A virus is the smallest type of cell.

Question 50

Primarily multicellular eukaryotic organisms that obtain food by absorbing organic substances belong to the Kingdom

A) Fungi.
B) Archaea.
C) Protista.
D) Plantae.

Question 51

AIDS, warts, and measles are caused by

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) protozoa.
D) fungi.

Question 52

From largest to smallest:

A) prokaryotic cell $\rightarrow$ eukaryotic cell $\rightarrow$ virus
B) eukaryotic cell $\rightarrow$ prokaryotic cell $\rightarrow$ virus
C) eukaryotic cell $\rightarrow$ virus $\rightarrow$ prokaryotic cell
D) virus $\rightarrow$ eukaryotic cell $\rightarrow$ prokaryotic cell

Question 53

Athlete's foot, vaginal yeast infections, and ringworm are caused by

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) protozoa.
D) fungi.

Question 54

Methanogens

A) are able to live in very salty environments.
B) are methane-producing Archaea.
C) use methane as an energy source.
D) are also known as protists.

Question 55

Members of the Protista and Bacteria are similar in that both

A) are composed of prokaryotic cells.
B) groups contains some autotrophic organisms.
C) groups have cells that contain membranous organelles.
D) groups are composed of cells of equivalent size.

Question 56

Fungi and Plantae kingdoms are similar in that both

A) contain autotrophic organisms.
B) contain cell walls.
C) reproduce by seed.
D) have roots and leaves.

Question 57

Most species within the Kingdom Plantae are

A) cone bearing (pine trees).
B) mosses.
C) ferns.
D) flowering plants.

Question 58

Plantae and Animalia are similar in that both

A) are thought to have evolved from eukaryotic, multicellular ancestors.
B) are heterotrophs.
C) have cell walls.
D) exhibit alternation of generations.

Question 59

An organism does not have a nucleus, carries on photosynthesis, and is very common. It is probably a

A) cyanobacterium.
B) member of the Archaea.
C) a member of the Protista.
D) a member of the Plantae.

Question 60

Green algae and plants both have chlorophyll a and b this information has been used to

A) propose that they are closely related.
B) considered an accident of nature.
C) suggest that they are derived from the Archaea.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 61

A virus reproduces by

A) laying eggs in a host cell.
B) taking control of a host cell and directing it to produce viral components.
C) the exchange of gametes.
D) binary fission.

Question 62

One of the problems associated with the control of virus-caused diseases is that they

A) cannot survive outside the host.
B) have a complicated life cycle.
C) have a rapid mutation rate.
D) can infect many kinds of cells in many kinds of organisms.

Question 63

Unicellular or colonial eukaryotic organisms that are either autotrophic or heterotrophic belong to the Kingdom

A) Plantae.
B) Animalia.
C) Protista.
D) Bacteria.

Question 64

The __________ is a word added to the genus name to identify which one of several species within the genus we are discussing.

A) specific epithet
B) scientific name
C) family
D) subspecies

Question 65

Cladistics is a tool used to

A) identify organisms.
B) name organisms.
C) determine phylogenetic relationships.
D) cure disease.

Question 66

Humans are the only surviving member of this genus, although other members of this genus existed in the past.

A) mammalia
B) Homo
C) sapiens
D) primates

Question 67

A viroid is

A) a small virus.
B) a piece of RNA.
C) a piece of protein.
D) a cell that attacks viruses.

Question 68

This type of rock is formed by the depositing of eroded particles in layers on the bottom of oceans, lakes or rivers.

A) sedimentary
B) igneous
C) metamorphic
D) volcanic