Deck 12: Diversity Within Species and Population Genetics

Question 1

In dogs it's called a breed. In other animals, it's a subspecies. But in plants, it's called a

A) clone.
B) strain.
C) variety.
D) division.

Answer 1

variety.

Question 2

A genetic counselor could give help regarding inherited

A) animal life.
B) plant varieties.
C) human diseases.
D) All of these answers are true.

Answer 2

human diseases.

Question 3

All of the following statements about the individuals in a population are TRUE except which one?

A) They belong to the same species.
B) They contain identical genes.
C) They belong to the same gene pool.
D) They live in the same geographic area.

Answer 3

They contain identical genes.

Question 4

Hybrid plants are produced by ____ reproduction.

A) cloning
B) asexual
C) vegetative
D) sexual

Question 5

Interspecific hybrids differ from intraspecific hybrids in that

A) interspecific hybrids are common and intraspecific hybrids are rare.
B) interspecific hybrids are fertile and intraspecific hybrids are not.
C) interspecific hybrids can introduce new genetic material to a population and intraspecific hybrids cannot.
D) None of the choices is correct.

Question 6

If 10% of the human population exhibited an undesirable recessive human trait, sterilizing all those showing the trait would completely eliminate this gene in humans in about ____ generation(s).

A) one
B) ten
C) ninety
D) It would never eliminate it.

Question 7

One species of plant contains several different groups. Each group is slightly different from the others and capable of sexual reproduction. These groups are called

A) subspecies.
B) clones.
C) species.
D) mutations.

Question 8

All of the genes found in the striped bass in San Francisco Bay represent a

A) gene frequency.
B) gene pool.
C) species.
D) subspecies.

Question 9

If you want to obtain more plants that are exactly like the parent plant, reproduction would be done

A) by producing hybrids.
B) sexually.
C) with gametes.
D) asexually.

Question 10

Genetic engineering has

A) reduced genetic diversity.
B) expanded scientists' ability to modify domesticated plants and animals.
C) created entirely new species.
D) produced interspecific hybrids.

Question 11

Eugenic laws were enacted in an attempt to

A) prevent some individuals from reproducing.
B) eliminate "bad genes" from the human population.
C) improve the human gene pool.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 12

Populations of roses that have different gene frequencies from one another are

A) clones.
B) hybrids.
C) varieties.
D) communities.

Question 13

Plants that are exactly alike genetically are

A) homozygous.
B) mutants.
C) clones.
D) highly genetically diverse.

Question 14

A particular type of common water snake is only found on islands in Lake Erie. This represents a

A) recessive trait.
B) genetically distinct population.
C) clone.
D) hybrid.

Question 15

An advantage of sexual reproduction is to ____ among offspring.

A) produce new gene combinations
B) reduce genetic diversity
C) introduce new genes into a species
D) None of the choices is correct.

Question 16

Amniocentesis is used mainly to obtain information about

A) an unborn child.
B) the mother.
C) the father.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 17

Monoculture is associated with

A) intraspecific hybrids.
B) clones.
C) single species.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 18

A genetic counselor could help people having a concern about

A) smallpox.
B) measles.
C) sickle-cell anemia.
D) the common cold.

Question 19

The island water snake is one of several subspecies within the species that includes the common water snake. The island water snake has the same relationship to the common water snake as

A) two different breeds of dog (collie and St. Bernard).
B) a jellyfish to a goldfish.
C) a cat to a wolf.
D) a poisonous snake to a nonpoisonous snake.

Question 20

A species is a group of organisms that

A) can produce fertile offspring when mated.
B) all live in the same geographic region.
C) always look the same in size and color.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 21

Only one parent is needed for

A) sexual reproduction.
B) identical twins.
C) intraspecific hybrids.
D) asexual reproduction.

Question 22

The term used when specifically discussing how common a particular allele is in a population is

A) population frequency.
B) population number.
C) allele number.
D) allele frequency.

Question 23

If two populations of a species show significant structural differences, it is likely that

A) there is little sexual reproduction between populations.
B) they are reproductively isolated.
C) each is specifically adapted to a certain environmental situation.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

A population that differs significantly from other populations of the same species is known as a

A) breed.
B) subspecies.
C) variety.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 25

A farmer practicing monoculture would plant

A) several varieties of wheat.
B) one variety of corn.
C) small fields.
D) None of these answers is true.

Question 26

Which of the following would have the LEAST genetic diversity?

A) a population of mice adapted to a specific location
B) a species with a world-wide distribution
C) a population of intraspecific hybrid corn plants used by farmers
D) a population of mice that only has 10,000 individuals

Question 27

An outcome of asexual reproduction is

A) reduced genetic diversity in the offspring.
B) increased genetic diversity in the offspring.
C) reduced ability to reproduce.
D) new gene combinations in the offspring.

Question 28

Eugenic laws were an attempt to

A) introduce new genes into the human gene pool.
B) improve the human gene pool.
C) identify the genes in the human gene pool.
D) reduce the size of the human population.

Question 29

Distinctly different groups within a species are known as

A) varieties.
B) breeds.
C) subspecies.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 30

Controlled mating of two parents of the same species, with different genotypes, to get the best combination of traits results in

A) a clone.
B) a new species.
C) an interspecific hybrid.
D) an intraspecific hybrid.

Question 31

All of the genes shared by a population are its

A) gene frequency.
B) gene pool.
C) fitness.
D) gene flow.

Question 32

Each of the following events actually occurs. Which case would be included in the definition of sexual reproduction?

A) The female sex cell of a flower develops into a new generation after receiving the male sex cell from the same flower.
B) A female sex cell develops into a new individual without fertilization.
C) Three new plants develop from three branches cut from a plant and placed in potting soil.
D) Twins develop.

Question 33

Which term below is LEAST like the others?

A) species
B) subspecies
C) variety
D) clone

Question 34

For two types of organisms to belong to the same species, they must

A) look alike.
B) live in the same geographic region.
C) be able to naturally produce fertile offspring.
D) contain the same gene frequencies.

Question 35

Which of the following could NOT cause a gene frequency change?

A) migration into or out of a population
B) random mating
C) mutation
D) widespread epidemic disease causing the death of 90% of the organisms

Question 36

A situation in which a genetically distinct local population is established by a few colonizing individuals is know as

A) fitness.
B) gene pooling.
C) genetic drift.
D) the founder effect.

Question 37

Our agricultural populations are maintained artificially. This means that

A) mutation must be stopped.
B) random mating is prohibited.
C) gene frequencies are allowed to change.
D) asexual reproduction must be prohibited.

Question 38

A clone is a

A) species.
B) mutation.
C) new kind of organism.
D) genetically distinct population.

Question 39

The smaller a population, the

A) more genetic diversity it contains.
B) more likely it is that mutation will occur.
C) more likely it is that random events will change the gene frequency.
D) older the organisms are.

Question 40

Boxes 1 and 2 of the figure most likely represent different

A) species.
B) clones.
C) gene pools.
D) communities.

Question 41

The two populations represented in boxes 1 and 2 of the figure

A) have different allele frequencies.
B) are genetically identical.
C) contain the same alleles.
D) are probably different species.

Question 42

The allele frequency of allele A for the collection of fish in box 2 of the figure is

A) 25%.
B) 50%.
C) 75%.
D) 100% and 50%.

Question 43

The allele frequency of allele b for the collection of fish in box 1 of the figure is

A) 25%.
B) 50%.
C) 75%.
D) 1:2:1.

Question 44

Which of the following are used to distinguish species from one another?

A) differences in the physical characteristics of organisms
B) differences in behavior
C) differences in metabolism
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 45

A danger associated with the use of specially developed plants in agriculture is that they

A) are likely to escape and become pests.
B) often show great genetic diversity.
C) often have little genetic diversity.
D) typically cannot reproduce.

Question 46

A small group of white-tailed deer cross the frozen water of Lake Michigan and establish a population on a remote island. This small group of deer can best be described as

A) renegades.
B) a founding population.
C) a newly formed species.
D) a new gene pool.

Question 47

A way for a new genetic characteristic to be introduced into a species is through

A) migration.
B) mutation.
C) sexual reproduction within the species.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 48

Which one of the following would have the greatest genetic diversity?

A) an organism
B) a population
C) a species
D) All could have similar genetic diversity.

Question 49

A term used to describe genetic differences among members of a population is

A) species.
B) genetic diversity.
C) community.
D) biome.

Question 50

Which of the following is false concerning eugenics?

A) The eugenics movement passed laws meant to eliminate bad genes from the human gene pool.
B) Supporters of eugenics encouraged sterilization of the unfit.
C) Eugenics methods have been highly successful in reducing the frequencies of bad recessive alleles from the human population.
D) Eugenics methods have been unsuccessful, because recessive alleles are hidden in the heterozygous condition and can be passed on to offspring.

Question 51

Which one of the following is false concerning intraspecific hybrids?

A) An intraspecific hybrid is the offspring of two separate genetic lines.
B) Intraspecific hybrids result from asexual reproduction.
C) Selective breeding produces intraspecific hybrids for improved agricultural yields.
D) An intraspecific hybrid can contain desirable characteristics from two different strains.

Question 52

You are studying populations of a certain species of frog in two ponds five kilometers apart. There are no other ponds in the area. In pond A all the frogs are small and have a few black spots on them. In pond B most of the frogs are large and lack spots but a few are small without spots and a few are large with spots. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the genetic diversity seen in pond B?

A) The small frogs and spotted frogs in pond B are mutations.
B) Pond A frogs resulted from individuals migrating from pond B.
C) The small frogs and spotted frogs in pond B probably are the result of some frogs migrating from pond A to pond B.
D) Meiosis generated more genetic diversity in pond B than in pond A.

Question 53

Which of the following populations will have the smallest number of genetically different individuals in it?

A) a population of asexually reproducing lizards initiated by one female
B) a small island population of water snakes
C) a large cornfield of hybrid corn in Iowa
D) the robin population of Michigan

Question 54

Which of the following would tend to produce populations with little genetic diversity?

A) sexual reproduction between different subspecies
B) increasing the size of the population
C) encouraging the immigration of individuals into the population
D) producing a population from two original parents

Question 55

Which of the following would generate new genes for a species?

A) inbreeding among a small number of individuals
B) crossing over during meiosis
C) independent assortment during anaphase I of meiosis
D) mutations in the gametes

Question 56

Which of the following would have the greatest genetic diversity?

A) a subspecies
B) a local population of a species
C) a species
D) a population produced by asexual reproduction

Question 57

Tay Sachs disease is more common in people with a certain Jewish ethnic background because

A) mutations are more common in people with that ethnic background.
B) the frequency of the allele for Tay Sachs is higher in people with that ethnic background.
C) they only marry within their group.
D) the population has little genetic diversity.

Question 58

Two kinds of mice live in the same area but one is black and the other is brown. The answer to which of the following questions would be most valuable in determining if they are of the same species.

A) Do members of the two kinds mate with one another and have offspring that reproduce?
B) Do the two kinds have other physical differences other than color?
C) Are the brown mice eaten more often by owls than black mice?
D) Do the brown mice climb trees more often than black mice?

Question 59

You are studying two populations of a certain species of frog in two ponds five kilometers apart. There are no other ponds in the area. In pond A all the frogs are small and have a few black spots on them. In pond B most of the frogs are large and lack spots but a few are small without spots and a few are large with spots. Because of the differences in these two populations

A) the distance between ponds is probably a barrier.
B) there is probably little interbreeding between the two populations.
C) the population in pond A could have gone through a genetic bottleneck.
D) All of the choices could be correct.

Question 60

All of the following can increase the genetic diversity of a population except

A) migration of individuals into a population from another population.
B) sexual reproduction.
C) asexual reproduction.
D) mutation.

Question 61

Genetic drift is associated with

A) asexually reproducing populations.
B) the size of the population.
C) increased genetic diversity in a population.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 62

Some local populations, and occasionally entire species, have reduced genetic diversity because their populations were severely reduced in the past. This is called a

A) genetic bottleneck.
B) frequency loss effect.
C) genetic drift.
D) population drain.

Question 63

This term indicates that nearly all the individuals in the population have the same alleles.

A) genetic bottleneck
B) frequency loss effect
C) low genetic diversity
D) genetic drift

Question 64

Using structural characteristics to differentiate species on the basis of key physical characteristics is called the

A) morphological species concept.
B) fitness concept.
C) gene frequency concept.
D) biological species concept.