Deck 8: DNA and RNA: The Molecular Basis of Heredity

Question 1

This term describes how cells display their genetic characteristics.

A) transcription
B) gene expression
C) translation
D) gene phrasing

Answer 1

gene expression

Question 2

Which one of the following does NOT apply to RNA?

A) It is a single strand.
B) It contains the base uracil.
C) The sugar is deoxyribose.
D) It is involved in translation and transcription.

Answer 2

The sugar is deoxyribose.

Question 3

DNA nucleotide sequences that indicate when RNA polymerase should finish making an RNA molecule are called

A) enhancer sequences.
B) elongation sequences.
C) genetic recombinant sequences.
D) termination sequences.

Answer 3

termination sequences.

Question 4

Which of the following does NOT follow the base pairing rule?

A) A with T
B) G with C
C) U with D
D) U with A

Question 5

Both a base and a phosphate are attached ____ in a nucleotide.

A) to each other
B) to a sugar
C) to each other and to a sugar
D) None of these answers is true because phosphate is not part of a nucleotide.

Question 6

The process of translation can be broken down into three basic steps. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) initiation
B) elongation
C) translocation
D) termination

Question 7

In a DNA double helix, the phosphates are bonded to

A) phosphates.
B) ribose.
C) deoxyribose.
D) uracil.

Question 8

These proteins are clustered with their encircling DNA into structures called nucleosomes.

A) histones
B) plastids
C) exons
D) carrier proteins

Question 9

Which of the following in NOT one of the 4 types of chromosomal aberrations?

A) translocation
B) duplication
C) inversion
D) alternative reversions

Question 10

In DNA replication,

A) a new noncoding strand is made for the coding strand.
B) a new coding strand is made for the noncoding strand.
C) Both of these occur.
D) None of these occur.

Question 11

When a gene picks up nucleotides to build its noncoding strand, this is known as

A) DNA replication.
B) RNA transcription.
C) DNA translation.
D) RNA coverage.

Question 12

In the process of DNA replication, adenine will pair with

A) guanine.
B) cytosine.
C) thymine.
D) uracil.

Question 13

Which of these originally tells where an amino acid is to be positioned in a protein?

A) DNA
B) nucleus
C) tRNA
D) ribose RNA

Question 14

If all the possible three-letter codes were written using only the four DNA nucleotides for letters, there would be a total of _______ combinations possible.

A) 4
B) 20
C) 64
D) 32

Question 15

Which of the following contains a coded message of how to construct a protein?

A) ATP
B) tRNA
C) ribosome
D) mRNA

Question 16

Which of the following is a normally correct base pairing in transcription?

A) (DNA)A...U(mRNA)
B) (mRNA)C...G(tRNA)
C) (DNA)U...A(mRNA)
D) (DNA)A...T(tRNA)

Question 17

If a gene contains a guanine nucleotide, the transcribed messenger RNA would have

A) adenine.
B) uracil.
C) cytosine.
D) guanine.

Question 18

If the sequence of bases in mRNA is U, C, A, the sequence of bases in DNA is

A) A, G, and U.
B) A, G, and T.
C) A, C, and A
D) T, G, and U.

Question 19

In transcription, the base thymine in DNA will pair opposite the base ____ in mRNA.

A) uracil
B) guanine
C) cytosine
D) adenine

Question 20

In translation, a cytosine in tRNA pairs opposite

A) uracil.
B) guanine.
C) thymine.
D) adenine.

Question 21

If the mRNA sequence is C, G, and U, the matching tRNA sequence will be

A) G, C, and T.
B) G, C, and A
C) G, C, and U.
D) C, G, and A

Question 22

If the mRNA base is uracil, the complementary base in translation is

A) thymine.
B) cytosine.
C) adenine.
D) uracil.

Question 23

An mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus containing the following base sequence: CAC GUA GUA CCC. Which is the correct complementary base sequence for translation?

A) CAC GUA GUA CCC
B) CAC GTA GTA CCC
C) GUG CAU CAU GGG
D) GTG CAT CAT GGG

Question 24

A group of three mRNA nucleotides that translate to an amino acid is called a(n)

A) dictionary.
B) initiator.
C) codon.
D) uncodon.

Question 25

If a bacterial protein contains 150 amino acids, there would be how many codons in the specification to construct it?

A) 50
B) 150
C) 450
D) One cannot tell what the answer is.

Question 26

The beginning codon of an mRNA strand to produce a protein is a(n)

A) codon.
B) initiator/start codon.
C) terminator/stop codon.
D) anticodon.

Question 27

A codon calls for the placement of an individual

A) protein.
B) rRNA.
C) amino acid.
D) mRNA.

Question 28

A codon contains ____ nucleotides.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 29

What is the term used to describe segments of eukaryotic pre-mRNA that are removed in the final synthesis of mature mRNA?

A) introns
B) promoters
C) exons
D) terminator

Question 30

In the mRNA codons, UUU encodes for phenylalanine (Phe), AGU encodes for serine (Ser), UGG encodes for tryptophan (Try), and CGA encodes for arginine (Arg). The DNA base sequence to encode for a protein try-arg-ser would be

A) ACCGCTTCA.
B) TCCGCUUCA.
C) UCCGCTTCU.
D) UGGCGAAGU.

Question 31

In mRNA codons: UUU = phenylalanine, GUU = valine, UAU = tyrosine, UGU = cystine, GGU = glycine. If the third amino acid in a protein were valine, the codon sequence for that amino acid would be

A) UAU.
B) GGU.
C) UUU.
D) GUU.

Question 32

If the codon AUC codes for the placement of the amino acid isoleucine, and GGU codes for the placement of glycine, which of these sequences codes for glycine-isoleucine-isoleucine-glycine?

A) AUCGGUUGGCUA
B) GGUAUCCUAUGG
C) GGUAUCGGUAUC
D) GGUAUCAUCGGU

Question 33

If the mRNA codon for proline can be CCU, CCC, CCA, or CCG, an mRNA strand to encode for the use of proline in a protein could be

A) GGG.
B) GGA.
C) CCC.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 34

Which of the following would demonstrate a point mutation to the following DNA sequence: CAT GAT ATC?

A) GUACUAUAG
B) AUGCUAUAG
C) CATCATATC
D) GUAAUCAUG

Question 35

If a protein is supposed to consist of the amino acid sequence valine-valine-histidine and instead it consists of the sequence alanine-valine-histidine, most likely

A) there has been a point mutation in the first codon.
B) there has been a point mutation at the eighth base pair.
C) the change will not be noticed.
D) this is a gross mutation; the organism will not survive.

Question 36

A change of information from normal hemoglobin to sickle hemoglobin is a

A) gross mutation.
B) structural mutation.
C) point mutation.
D) natural result of your skin color.

Question 37

In the mRNA codon, AGU encodes for serine (ser), GAG encodes for glutamic acid (glu), GGG encodes for glycine (gly) and UGG encodes for tryptophan (try). If an mRNA sequence was GGGGAGUGG and mutated so it now reads UGGGAGUGG, a new amino acid will replace

A) glutamic acid.
B) tryptophan.
C) glycine.
D) serine.

Question 38

If the base in a DNA strand is changed from cytosine to adenine, the base pair in mRNA is

A) uracil.
B) cytosine.
C) thymine.
D) guanine.

Question 39

When only one nucleotide base is involved in a mutation, this is called

A) chromosomal mutation.
B) template error.
C) point mutation.
D) nonsense codon.

Question 40

During which stage do two tRNAs properly align their two amino acids so that they may be chemically attached to one another?

A) translation
B) transcription
C) replication
D) mutation

Question 41

A human cell contains 46 chromosomes consisting of about ____________ genes.

A) 50
B) 25,000
C) 80,000,000
D) 3,000,000

Question 42

This kind of mutation causes a ribosome to stop protein syntheses by introducing a stop codon too early.

A) missence
B) nonsense
C) point
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 43

The primary way that genes control the activities of a cell is by means of

A) hormones.
B) electrical impulses.
C) ATP.
D) enzymes.

Question 44

In a complete chemical analysis of double-stranded DNA, which would always be true?

A) The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine.
B) The amount of thymine equals the amount of cytosine.
C) The amount of ribose equals the amount of deoxyribose.
D) Nitrogenous bases pair with sugar.

Question 45

Which is the best reason for adenine base-pairing with thymine in DNA?

A) The two molecules covalently bond together.
B) Both are large bases and, therefore, bond tightly.
C) Both are small bases and, therefore, bond tightly.
D) These two bases fit together like jigsaw puzzle pieces.

Question 46

Nucleic acid is found

A) only in animal cells.
B) only in plant cells.
C) in all living cells.
D) only in carbohydrates.

Question 47

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

A) DNA-tRNA-mRNA-Protein
B) mRNA-tRNA-Ribosome-Protein
C) DNA-mRNA-tRNA-Ribosome-Protein
D) tRNA-mRNA-DNA-Protein

Question 48

You are given the chemical code of one-half of a DNA double helix: CATGATTACCTAGAATCCTGTAAT. Which of the following sequences represents the codons and anticodons that would be used in creating a protein if the other half of the DNA strand is the coding strand?

A) mRNA codons: CATGATTACCTAGAATCCTGTAAT tRNA anticodons: CATGATTACCTAGAATCCTGTAAT
B) mRNA codons: CAUGAUUACCUAGAAUCCUGUAAU tRNA anticodons: GUACUAAUGGAUCUUAGGACAUUA
C) mRNA codons: CATGATTACCTAGAATCCTGTAAT tRNA anticodons: CAUGAUUACCUAGAAUCCUGUAAU
D) mRNA codons: GUACUAAUGGAUCUUAGGACAUUA tRNA anticodons: CAUGAUUACCUAGAAUCCUGUAAU

Question 49

The process of making a DNA copy of a DNA molecule is

A) transcription.
B) replication.
C) translation.
D) protein synthesis.

Question 50

The process of manufacturing RNA from template DNA is

A) transcription.
B) replication.
C) translation.
D) protein synthesis.

Question 51

Base pairs in DNA are attracted to each other by

A) ionic bonds.
B) covalent bonds.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) unzipping enzymes.

Question 52

____ is(are) NOT directly involved with translation.

A) DNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) Ribosome

Question 53

____ is(are) NOT directly involved with transcription.

A) Unzipping enzymes
B) RNA polymerase
C) Amino acids
D) DNA

Question 54

____ represents the complementary strand of DNA for gene segment GCCAATGCT.

A) CGGUUACGA
B) CGGTTACGA
C) GCCAATGCT
D) GCCAAUGCU

Question 55

____ represents the mRNA that will be produced from DNA gene segment GCCAATGCT.

A) CGGUUACGA
B) CGGTTACGA
C) GCCAATGCT
D) GCCAAUGCU

Question 56

____ represents the transfer RNA bases that correspond to DNA gene segment GCCAATGCT.

A) CGGUUACGA
B) CGGTTACGA
C) GCCAATGCT
D) GCCAAUGCU

Question 57

Which one of the following is true of your mRNA?

A) The mature mRNA is produced directly from DNA.
B) A pre-mRNA is produced directly from DNA, and then a mature mRNA is created by the removal of introns.
C) A pre-mRNA is produced directly from DNA and then a mature mRNA is created by the removal of exons.
D) DNA is produced directly from mRNA.

Question 58

Asp, Gln, Leu, and Phe are all abbreviations for

A) codons.
B) RNA polymerase.
C) amino acids.
D) anticodons.

Question 59

This kind of mutation causes the wrong amino acid to be used in making a protein.

A) missense
B) nonsense
C) point
D) silent

Question 60

A single-stranded, straight chain copy of a coding strand of DNA that comes from the process of transcription is

A) DNA.
B) tRNA.
C) mRNA.
D) rRNA.

Question 61

The molecule that contains an anticodon is

A) DNA.
B) tRNA.
C) mRNA.
D) rRNA.

Question 62

The molecule that carries the message of the gene from the nucleus to the ribosome is

A) DNA.
B) tRNA.
C) mRNA.
D) rRNA.

Question 63

The molecule that carries the amino acid to the ribosome is

A) DNA.
B) tRNA.
C) mRNA.
D) rRNA.

Question 64

A molecule that is a component of a ribosome is

A) DNA.
B) tRNA.
C) mRNA.
D) rRNA.

Question 65

During transcription, free nucleotides of RNA bond with ____ nucleotides.

A) DNA
B) other tRNA
C) mRNA
D) rRNA

Question 66

____ code(s) for the placement of one amino acid.

A) Three codons
B) One nucleotide
C) Three nucleotides
D) One intron

Question 67

The promoter sequence of DNA is located

A) behind the initiator codon.
B) ahead of the initiator codon.
C) immediately ahead of the gene.
D) behind the gene.

Question 68

This occurs when insertions or deletions cause the ribosome to read the wrong sets of three nucleotides.

A) point mutation
B) frameshift
C) translocation
D) transcription

Question 69

If a drug interferes with the activities of transfer RNA, which one of the following is likely to occur?

A) DNA will not be able to make copies of itself.
B) Proteins will not be produced.
C) Mutations will occur to the DNA.
D) Messenger RNA will not be manufactured.

Question 70

Which of the following is necessary for DNA to make copies of itself?

A) Ribosomes must be present.
B) The cell must have an abundant supply of RNA nucleotides.
C) The two strands of the DNA molecule must separate.
D) Chromosomes must be synapsed.

Question 71

If a bacterial protein contains 5 amino acids, the messenger RNA that would direct its manufacture would have at least ___________ nucleotides.

A) one
B) five
C) ten
D) fifteen

Question 72

If you want to get DNA from a eukaryotic cell, which of the following structures would provide the largest concentration?

A) ribosome
B) nucleus
C) mitochondria
D) lysosome

Question 73

If a drug interferes with the function of ribosomes, which of the following is likely to occur?

A) DNA will not be able to make copies of itself.
B) Proteins will not be produced.
C) Mutations will occur to the DNA.
D) Messenger RNA will not be manufactured.

Question 74

Which one of the following is necessary for messenger RNA to be formed in the nucleus?

A) Ribosomes must be present.
B) The cell must have an abundant supply of DNA nucleotides.
C) RNA polymerase must be present and functioning.
D) Chromosomes must be synapsed.

Question 75

If a single strand of mature messenger RNA contains 12 coding nucleotides, the protein that it will manufacture will have ___________ amino acids.

A) one
B) four
C) six
D) twelve

Question 76

Which of the following does NOT belong in DNA?

A) nucleotides
B) ribose
C) thymine
D) phosphate

Question 77

Which one of the following correctly describes the way in which DNA works?

A) DNA makes RNA and RNA changes into protein.
B) DNA makes amino acids which form ribosomes.
C) DNA makes mRNA which directs where tRNA places amino acids.
D) DNA makes mRNA which manufactures amino acids which attach to tRNA.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT needed for transcription?

A) enzymes
B) DNA
C) RNA nucleotides
D) ribosomes

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of genetic material?

A) It has the ability to replicate itself.
B) It is capable of storing the information needed to synthesize proteins.
C) It may mutate (change) and accommodate new situations.
D) It is metabolized as the chief source of cellular energy.

Question 80

Which is NOT a component of RNA?

A) deoxyribose
B) adenine
C) phosphate
D) uracil