Deck 3: Organic Molecules: The Molecules of Life

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a lipid?

A) olive oil
B) fat
C) amino acid
D) steroid

Answer 1

amino acid

Question 2

Saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats in that saturated fats

A) are longer.
B) lack carbon-carbon double bonds.
C) have fewer double bonds.
D) cannot be used for an energy source.

Answer 2

lack carbon-carbon double bonds.

Question 3

Which of the following types of molecules contain the most energy per gram?

A) sugar
B) carbohydrate
C) saturated fat
D) starch

Answer 3

saturated fat

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of proteins?

A) Contain information for the cell.
B) Serve as a subunit in the structure of fat.
C) Reduce the weight of an individual.
D) Speed up certain chemical reactions.

Question 5

A fatty acid having double bonds between carbon atoms is a(n)

A) phospholipid.
B) animal fat.
C) unsaturated fat.
D) saturated fat.

Question 6

CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-COOH is a(n)

A) fatty acid.
B) amino acid.
C) glycerol.
D) steroid.

Question 7

Which of the following is made primarily of protein?

A) skin
B) tendon
C) enzyme
D) carbohydrates

Question 8

Storage of energy is a MAJOR function of

A) protein.
B) fats.
C) steroids.
D) nucleic acids.

Question 9

Triglycerides contain three fatty acids and

A) one glycerol.
B) two glycerols.
C) three glycerols.
D) four glycerols.

Question 10

Cell energy can be extracted from which of these?

A) iron
B) water
C) carbohydrates
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 11

An example of an inorganic molecule is

A) C₆H₁₂O₆.
B) HCl.
C) C₄H₈O₄.
D) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.

Question 12

A number of simple sugars may combine to form

A) protein.
B) complex carbohydrates.
C) amino acids.
D) fat.

Question 13

Polypeptides are composed of many

A) amino acids.
B) carbohydrates.
C) nucleic acids.
D) fatty acids.

Question 14

An example of a carbohydrate is

A) C₇H₁₄O₇.
B) C₇H₁₂O₇.
C) C₇H₁₄O₂₈.
D) C₇H₇O₇.

Question 15

One way an amino acid differs from a lipid is that the amino acids contain

A) carbon.
B) hydrogen.
C) nitrogen.
D) oxygen.

Question 16

A fat is said to be saturated if

A) there are many double bonds present in the molecule.
B) there are only single bonds between each pair of carbons.
C) the fat molecule cannot contain any more covalent bonds.
D) there are as many double bonds present as possible.

Question 17

The functional group at the end of a fatty acid has the following formula

A) -COOR.
B) -COOH.
C) -COON.
D) CH₂O.

Question 18

This is a(n) ____ reaction. C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O $\rightarrow$ C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆

A) hydrolysis
B) dehydration synthesis
C) acid-base
D) ionic

Question 19

The functional group on the molecule below is

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 20

Molecules that resemble fats but contain phosphate functional groups are called

A) steroids.
B) polypeptides.
C) phospholipids.
D) nucleic acid.

Question 21

Carbohydrates are a source of

A) protein.
B) energy.
C) glycerol.
D) fatty acids.

Question 22

An example of an inorganic molecule is

A) CaCl₂.
B) C₂H₆.
C) C₂H₅OH.
D) C₃H₅(OH)₃.

Question 23

Which reaction represents a dehydration synthesis?

A) C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ $\rightarrow$ C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆ + 2H₂O
B) CO₂ + H₂O $\rightarrow$ C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
C) NaOH + H₂O $\rightarrow$ Na⁺OH^- + H₂O
D) triglyceride $\rightarrow$ glycerol + 3 fatty acids + 3H₂O

Question 24

A complex carbohydrate consists of repeated units of

A) monosaccharides.
B) fatty acids.
C) amino acids.
D) nucleotides.

Question 25

Which of the following is neither a simple nor a complex carbohydrate?

A) C₆H₁₂O₆
B) C₄H₈O₄
C) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
D) C₂H₄O

Question 26

A protein

A) is a macromolecule.
B) consists of many linked amino acids.
C) may be made of two or more polypeptides.
D) is correctly described by all three of these answers.

Question 27

The chemical arrangement in the figure below is on the end of a long molecule of a(n)

A) steroid.
B) fatty acid.
C) carbohydrate.
D) unsaturated fat.

Question 28

Enzymes are made from

A) fats.
B) protein.
C) cytoplasm.
D) nucleoplasm.

Question 29

Energy can be furnished to a cell by extracting it directly from

A) enzymes.
B) minerals.
C) coenzymes.
D) fats.

Question 30

Molecules that do not dissolve in water very easily are characteristically

A) acids.
B) fats.
C) vitamins.
D) carbohydrates.

Question 31

glycerol + 3 fatty acids $\rightarrow$ triglyceride + 3 H₂O This is a(n) ____ reaction.

A) hydrolysis
B) dehydration synthesis
C) unbalanced
D) acid-base

Question 32

An organic molecule contains two or more atoms of

A) carbon.
B) hydrogen.
C) oxygen.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 33

The chemistry of living organisms is called _____________ chemistry.

A) general
B) organic
C) inorganic
D) biological

Question 34

C₁₂H₂₄O₁₂; this formula represents a

A) lipid.
B) protein.
C) carbohydrate.
D) phospholipid.

Question 35

The definition of a saturated fat is that it can hold no more atoms of

A) carbon.
B) hydrogen.
C) oxygen.
D) All of these answers are true.

Question 36

A(n) ____ is NOT formed by dehydration synthesis.

A) complex carbohydrate
B) polypeptide
C) triglyceride
D) amino acid

Question 37

_________ is NOT a function of a fat.

A) Providing insulation
B) Storing energy
C) Producing enzymes
D) Shock absorption

Question 38

Organisms usually store food in the form of a

A) lipid.
B) vitamin.
C) protein.
D) amino acid.

Question 39

Which of the following could be a fat?

A) C₂H₅OH
B) C₆H₁₂O₆
C) C₂H₅NO₂
D) C₅₁H₉₇O₆

Question 40

Organic molecules always

A) contain carbon.
B) contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen respectively in a 1:2:1 ratio.
C) are produced by living organisms.
D) dissolve in water.

Question 41

Which of the following shows the correct linkage of amino acids in a protein?

A) amino group of one bonded to the amino group of the next
B) acid group of one bonded to acid group of the next
C) acid group of one bonded to amino group of the next
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 42

Which of the following is glycerol?

A) C₃H₅(OH)₃
B) C₆H₁₂O₆
C) C₁₄H₂₈O
D) C₂H₅O₂N

Question 43

Which is NOT a major function of proteins?

A) Provides cell structure.
B) Stores energy for the cell.
C) Functions as regulator molecules in cellular activity.
D) Functions as carrier molecules.

Question 44

The building material for cells is furnished from what organic molecules?

A) water
B) minerals
C) lipids
D) nitrogen

Question 45

A phospholipid is similar to a fat but has

A) a glow when placed in a dark room.
B) no oxygen.
C) a phosphate group.
D) no carbon in it.

Question 46

Which of these would most likely provide energy and support for a plant cell?

A) fatty acids
B) inorganic compounds
C) steroids
D) carbohydrates

Question 47

If a glycerol molecule and three attached fatty acids form a fat, it is called a

A) triglyceride.
B) diglyceride.
C) monoglyceride.
D) tripeptide.

Question 48

There are five types of lipoproteins in the body:

A) triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, chylomicrons, and cholesterol.
B) triglycerides, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and cholesterol.
C) chylomicrons, very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and Lipoprotein a-Lp(a).
D) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and Lipoprotein a-Lp(a).

Question 49

These phospholipids are found in cell membrane and also help in the emulsification of fats. They help to separate large portions of fat into smaller units. This allows the fat to mix with other materials.

A) triglycerides
B) lecithins
C) steroids
D) linoleic acid

Question 50

The molecule below is a(n)

A) glycerol.
B) polypeptide.
C) saturated fatty acid.
D) unsaturated fatty acid.

Question 51

The molecule below is a(n)

A) amino acid.
B) carbohydrate.
C) lipid.
D) nucleic acid.

Question 52

The molecule below is a(n)

A) amino acid.
B) carbohydrate.
C) lipid.
D) nucleic acid.

Question 53

Which one of the following is false concerning the molecule below?

A) This molecule represents a major component of cell membranes.
B) This molecule is a lipid.
C) This molecule was formed by dehydration synthesis.
D) This molecule is composed of amino acids.

Question 54

____ is a sugar.

A) Sucrase
B) Pentose
C) C₂₇H₄₆O
D) COOH-CH₂-NH₃

Question 55

____ represent isomers.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 56

Which association is NOT correct?

A) lipid-steroid
B) nucleic acid-DNA
C) monosaccharide-glucose
D) protein-nucleotide

Question 57

The pleating or coiling of a protein is known as the protein's ____ structure.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 58

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the bonding of amino acids?

A) The bond formed between two amino acids is called a peptide bond.
B) When two amino acids combine, the amino group of one molecule will combine with the acid group of the second molecule.
C) The addition of one water molecule is required to combine two amino acids.
D) A series of amino acids bonded together is a polypeptide.

Question 59

Which of the following rows correctly matches organic molecules with their subunits?

A) Row 1
B) Row 2
C) Row 3
D) Row 4

Question 60

A protein that has had its physical and chemical properties changed is said to be

A) denatured.
B) dysfunctional.
C) hydrolyzed.
D) saturated.

Question 61

The bonding of four simple sugars will

A) produce three water molecules.
B) produce four water molecules.
C) utilize three water molecules.
D) utilize four water molecules.

Question 62

____ contains double bonds.

A) CH₄
B) H₂O
C) CO₂
D) NH₃

Question 63

A nucleotide contains

A) glycerol and fatty acids.
B) a base, sugar, and phosphate group.
C) amino acids.
D) an acid, base, and salt.

Question 64

A(n) ____ is a polymer.

A) monosaccharide
B) amino acid
C) nucleotide
D) polypeptide

Question 65

A lipid molecule composed of interlocking carbon rings belongs most likely in which group?

A) phospholipid
B) steroid
C) unsaturated fat
D) glycerol

Question 66

A(n) ____ bond is formed between the reactants below.

A) ionic
B) hydrogen
C) peptide
D) polar

Question 67

The missing product below is

A) O₂
B) CO₂
C) H₂O
D)

Question 68

The reaction below represents a ____ reaction.

A) dehydration synthesis
B) hydrolysis
C) unbalanced
D) equilibrium

Question 69

Which one of the following is NOT an isomer of the others?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 70

The empirical formula for the structural formula below is

A) COH.
B) C₄HO₂.
C) CH₂O.
D) CHO₂.

Question 71

Cell membranes, muscle cells, and tendons contain ____ proteins and enzymes, and some hormones are ____ proteins.

A) monomer, polymer
B) denatured, functional
C) structural, regulator
D) saturated, unsaturated

Question 72

A sugar with three carbon atoms is a

A) triose sugar.
B) trisaccharide.
C) triglyceride.
D) tripeptide.

Question 73

Molecules with the same empirical formula but different structural formulas are

A) polymers.
B) steroids.
C) isomers.
D) enzymes.

Question 74

The molecule below

A) was probably produced by a plant.
B) is liquid at room temperature.
C) was formed by three separate hydrolysis reactions.
D) contains more energy per gram than a carbohydrate.

Question 75

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is INCORRECT?

A) Carbohydrates are a good source of energy.
B) Carbohydrates contain approximately 2 hydrogens per carbon in the molecule.
C) Most carbohydrates dissolve in water.
D) Carbohydrates contain argon, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 76

Which one of the following is a correct molecular formula?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 77

Which of the following statements about fats is INCORRECT?

A) Fats are a good source of energy.
B) Fats contain approximately 2 hydrogens per carbon in the molecule.
C) Most fats do not dissolve in water.
D) Fats contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 78

Which one of the following is not a difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

A) Organic compounds are generally much larger than inorganic compounds.
B) Organic compounds contain carbon atoms bonded to one another.
C) Organic compounds are found in living things and inorganic compounds are not.
D) Organic compounds are often polymers while inorganic compounds are not.

Question 79

You find a new organic molecule that is water soluble and contains the elements carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. It is probably a

A) protein.
B) fat.
C) carbohydrate.
D) phospholipid.

Question 80

If you wanted to manufacture a fat, which one of the following would be necessary?

A) water
B) amino acids
C) vitamins
D) glycerol