Deck 2: The Basics of Life: Chemistry

Question 1

An atom that has gained electrons is a

A) reactant.
B) negative ion.
C) positive ion.
D) compound ion.

Answer 1

negative ion.

Question 2

An atom with twelve electrons, twelve protons, and fourteen neutrons has a mass number of

A) fourteen.
B) twenty-four.
C) thirty-eight.
D) twenty-six.

Answer 2

twenty-six.

Question 3

A hydroxide ion has an oxygen atom

A) only.
B) and an extra electron.
C) and a hydrogen atom, and an extra electron.
D) and a hydrogen atom, and an extra proton.

Answer 3

and a hydrogen atom, and an extra electron.

Question 4

A negative charge is characteristic of a(n)

A) positive ion.
B) electron.
C) neutron.
D) proton.

Question 5

Solutions are always comprised of

A) solvents and solute.
B) liquids and solids.
C) water and salts.
D) compounds and ions.

Question 6

The greatest amount of kinetic energy is found in

A) gases.
B) liquids.
C) solids.
D) colloids.

Question 7

All chemical reactions

A) involve the creation of new atoms.
B) involve a change in chemical bonds.
C) are dangerous.
D) create energy.

Question 8

A covalent bond is

A) the attraction that one atom has for another atom.
B) the attraction between two atoms, formed by the sharing of electrons.
C) formed between the positive charge of a hydrogen atom in one molecule and the negative charge of a nitrogen atom in another nearby molecule.
D) the attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion.

Question 9

Protons = 7, neutrons = 10, electrons = 7. The mass number of this atom is

A) seven.
B) ten.
C) fourteen.
D) seventeen.

Question 10

An acid is a substance that, in solution, releases

A) oxygen ions in H₂SO₄.
B) hydrogen ions, for example, HCl.
C) -COOR ions from beer.
D) chloride ions from NaCl.

Question 11

A particle in the atom that has neither a negative nor a positive electrical charge is the

A) electron.
B) element.
C) isotope.
D) neutron.

Question 12

In the expression C₆H₁₂O₆ $\rightarrow$ 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂, the products are

A) C₆H₁₂O₆.
B) C₆H₁₂O₆ + zymase.
C) zymase + 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂.
D) 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂.

Question 13

The correct symbol for a hydroxide ion is

A) H^-.
B) H⁺.
C) (OH)^-.
D) (OH)⁺.

Question 14

Kinetic energy is best defined as

A) the energy of position.
B) the energy of electrical charge.
C) the energy of motion.
D) stored energy.

Question 15

Which one of the following statements is false concerning matter?

A) Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
B) Air is matter.
C) All matter has the same density.
D) The phases of matter are determined by the relative amounts of energy in the matter's molecules.

Question 16

When two atoms share a pair of electrons, this type of chemical bond is

A) ionic.
B) covalent.
C) hydrogen.
D) negative-positive.

Question 17

Given that an unknown atom's mass number (AMU) is 27, its combination of particles could be

A) 27 electrons, 16 neutrons, 16 protons.
B) 27 neutrons, 27 protons, 27 electrons.
C) 15 neutrons, 12 electrons, 15 protons.
D) 16 electrons, 11 neutrons, 16 protons.

Question 18

A base can be defined as

A) a hydroxide ion acceptor.
B) an attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion.
C) a substance that gives up hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
D) a substance that gives up hydroxide groups in a solution.

Question 19

The smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element is a(n)

A) atom.
B) proton.
C) electron.
D) element.

Question 20

A chemical reactant is one that

A) enters into a chemical reaction.
B) is the newly formed molecule.
C) is at a point when both sides of the equation are equal.
D) during photosynthesis, is one molecule of sugar and six molecules of oxygen.

Question 21

An isotope is an atom of an element that varies in mass number due to variation in the number of

A) atoms.
B) protons.
C) neutrons.
D) electrons.

Question 22

A substance that is a solid

A) contains a large amount of oxygen.
B) contains molecules that are packed tightly together and vibrate in place.
C) is bonded very tightly (covalent).
D) contains a large amount of hydrogen bonds.

Question 23

An atom that has lost electrons is a

A) cation.
B) neutral atom.
C) molecule.
D) anion.

Question 24

If a particular atom has 27 electrons, 27 protons, and 31 neutrons, its mass number would be

A) 52.
B) 54.
C) 56.
D) 58.

Question 25

A solution that contains an excess of protons is(are)

A) hydroxide ions.
B) an acid.
C) a base.
D) the pH.

Question 26

AgNO₃ + NaCl $\rightarrow$ AgCl + NaNO₃. The AgNO₃ in the equation is called a(n)

A) reactant.
B) acid.
C) product.
D) base.

Question 27

An isotope shows which of the following?

A) A change in atomic number
B) Inability to form compounds
C) A change in mass number
D) More electrons

Question 28

A material composed of atoms vibrating in place

A) has high kinetic energy and is a gas.
B) has low kinetic energy and is a liquid.
C) has low kinetic energy and is a solid.
D) has high kinetic energy and is a solid.

Question 29

Which of the following is a chemical reaction that is also known as digestion?

A) phosphorylation
B) dehydration synthesis
C) acid-base
D) hydrolysis

Question 30

Which kind of chemical reaction involves the attachment or removal of a phosphate group?

A) oxidation-reduction
B) acid phosphorylation
C) phosphorylation
D) hydrolysis

Question 31

Which of the following is an acid?

A) K₂SO₄
B) NaNO₃
C) CaCO₃
D) H₃PO₄

Question 32

An atomic particle with a weight of one, and a positive electrical charge is a(n)

A) electron.
B) proton.
C) neutron.
D) isotope.

Question 33

6CO₂ + 6H₂O $\rightarrow$ C₆H₁₂O₂ + 6O₂. In this reaction O₂ is

A) a reactant.
B) a product.
C) a reactant and a product.
D) neither a reactant nor a product.

Question 34

One atom of sodium has a mass number of 22 units; another atom of sodium is 23 units. These two atoms are

A) nonreactive.
B) unstable.
C) ions.
D) isotopes.

Question 35

Which kind of attractive force holds two molecules together?

A) ionic bond
B) hydrogen bond
C) covalent bond
D) sticky bond

Question 36

A solution with a high concentration of hydrogen ions could have a pH of

A) 2.
B) 6.
C) 9.
D) 11.

Question 37

The attraction between a positively charged atom and a negatively charged atom within the same molecule is

A) ionic bonding.
B) hydrogen bonding.
C) covalent bonding.
D) ions.

Question 38

A scale used to indicate the strength of an acid or base is called a ____ scale.

A) thermodynamic
B) aquatic
C) pH
D) reduction

Question 39

The part of an atom without a charge is a(n)

A) ion.
B) neutron.
C) electron.
D) molecule.

Question 40

Which of the following indicates "reactant"? C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ $\rightarrow$ CO₂ + 6H₂O

A) C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
B) H₂O
C) CO₂
D) None of the choices is correct.

Question 41

In the expression 2H₂S + 3O₂ $\rightarrow$ 2H₂O + SO₂, which is the acid?

A) H₂S
B) O₂
C) SO₂
D) H₂O

Question 42

An ion having eleven protons, twelve neutrons, and ten electrons will have a charge of

A) +.
B) -.
C) ++.
D) --.

Question 43

A list of all of the elements in order of increasing atomic number is called the

A) pH.
B) law of thermodynamics.
C) phase of matter.
D) periodic table.

Question 44

The mass of a given volume of matter is expressed as

A) weight.
B) energy.
C) density.
D) gravity.

Question 45

The reaction C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ $\rightarrow$ CO₂ + 6H₂O is which type of chemical reaction?

A) hydrolysis
B) transfer
C) dehydration synthesis
D) oxidation-reduction

Question 46

Which rule states that atoms attempt to acquire an outermost energy level with eight electrons through chemical reactions?

A) octet
B) atomic stability
C) hybridization
D) full energy level

Question 47

A person jogging displays what kind of energy?

A) potential
B) kinetic
C) nuclear
D) sweat

Question 48

HCl + NaOH $\rightarrow$ NaCl + H₂O. This reaction is an example of a(n)

A) oxidation/reduction reaction.
B) hydrolysis reaction.
C) phosphorylation reaction.
D) acid-base reaction.

Question 49

The atomic number for carbon is 6. The isotope ¹⁴C has ____ neutrons.

A) 6
B) 8
C) 14
D) 20

Question 50

Given that an unknown atom's mass is 11, its combination of subatomic particles could be

A) 11 protons, 11 neutrons, and 11 electrons.
B) 6 protons, 5 neutrons, and 11 electrons.
C) 4 protons, 3 neutrons, and 4 electrons.
D) 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons.

Question 51

One molecule of sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) contains ____ atoms.

A) 6
B) 5
C) 4
D) 3

Question 52

The statement that energy is never created or destroyed is known as

A) thermodynamics.
B) kinetic molecular theory.
C) first law of matter and energy.
D) law of conservation of energy.

Question 53

Which one of the following rows best represents a gas in relation to a solid or liquid of the same compound?

A) Row 1
B) Row 2
C) Row 3
D) Row 4

Question 54

Which one of the following is true with regard to the numbers of subatomic particles in an atom?

A) The number of neutrons always equals the number of protons.
B) The number of electrons always equals the number of neutrons.
C) The atomic number always equals the number of protons.
D) The atomic number always equals the number of neutrons.

Question 55

The fact that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion is known as the

A) first law of thermodynamics.
B) energy motion theory.
C) kinetic molecular theory.
D) first law of solids.

Question 56

The formulation Ca⁺⁺Cl^-₂, indicates

A) covalent bonding between one calcium atom and two chlorine atoms.
B) one calcium ion that has gained two electrons and formed ionic bonds with two chloride ions that have each lost one electron.
C) one calcium atom with two protons and two chlorine atoms that share one electron.
D) one calcium ion that has lost two electrons and formed ionic bonds with two chloride ions that have each gained one electron.

Question 57

One atomic mass unit (AMU) approximately equals the mass of one

A) proton.
B) electron.
C) nucleus.
D) proton plus the mass of one neutron.

Question 58

A bond in which the positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule is a(n)

A) covalent bond.
B) ionic bond.
C) electron bond.
D) hydrogen bond.

Question 59

When a pencil falls from a tabletop to the floor

A) kinetic energy is converted to potential energy.
B) potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
C) energy is created.
D) energy is destroyed.

Question 60

The pH of a strong base is closest to

A) 2.
B) 6.
C) 9.
D) 12.

Question 61

A neutral atom with an atomic number of 15 will have ____ electrons in its outermost energy level.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 8
D) 15

Question 62

Which one of the following represents the correct mass, location, and charge of a proton?

A) Row 1
B) Row 2
C) Row 3
D) Row 4

Question 63

The higher the pH,

A) the greater the hydroxide ion concentration.
B) the more acidic the solution.
C) the greater the hydrogen ion concentration.
D) the lower the pH number.

Question 64

A difference between an acid and a base is that

A) acids are harmful and bases are not.
B) acids release hydroxide ions and bases release hydrogen ions.
C) acids have a high pH value and bases have a low pH value.
D) acids have a low pH value and bases have a high pH value.

Question 65

A magnesium ion contains twelve protons and ten electrons. A chloride ion contains seventeen protons and eighteen electrons. Given this information, the chemical formula for magnesium chloride is

A) MgCl.
B) Mg₂Cl.
C) MgCl₂.
D) Mg₂Cl₂.

Question 66

Which reaction below produces a salt?

A) KOH + H₂O $\rightarrow$ K⁺ + OH^- + H₂O
B) HC₂H₃O₂ + H₂O $\rightarrow$ C₂H₃O₂^- + H⁺ + H₂O
C) HCl + NaOH $\rightarrow$ NaCl + H₂O
D) C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ $\rightarrow$ C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O

Question 67

Fluorine has the atomic number 9. The correct notation for a flouride ion is

A) F^-.
B) F^--.
C) F⁺.
D) F⁺⁺.

Question 68

The energy level listed below with the most energetic electrons is

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) None of these. All energy levels contain electrons of equal energy.

Question 69

An atom that contains 8 electrons in its outermost energy level is said to be

A) inert.
B) reactive.
C) a cation.
D) a molecule.

Question 70

Which of the following is monatomic?

A) He
B) H₂
C) O₂
D) N₂

Question 71

List and define two types of chemical bonds.
COVALENT--attractive force between two atoms that share electrons
IONIC--attractive force between ions of opposite charge
HYDROGEN--attractive force between polar molecules

Question 72

In which one of the following situations do the molecules have the greatest amount of energy?

A) Ice in a Coke
B) Cold tap water
C) Water vapor
D) Water condensed on your windshield

Question 73

If an atom has the atomic number 4 and the atomic mass 9.012 it will

A) have 5 electrons.
B) have 5 neutrons.
C) have 9 electrons.
D) weigh 13.012 atomic mass units.

Question 74

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules making up a substance is known as

A) temperature.
B) heat.
C) potential.
D) phase of matter.

Question 75

Which of the following would have the smallest number of hydrogen ions (H⁺)?

A) A solution with the pH 2
B) A solution with the pH 6
C) A container of acetic acid (vinegar)
D) A container of a strong base

Question 76

In which one of the following situations do the molecules have the greatest attraction for one another?

A) An ice cube
B) Cold tap water
C) Water vapor
D) Water condensed on your windshield

Question 77

If an atom has the atomic number 4 and the atomic mass 9.012 it will have ________ electrons in the first energy level.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 78

If an atom has the atomic number 11 and the atomic mass 22.99, it will have

A) 1 electron in the third energy level.
B) 1 electron in the second energy level.
C) 3 electrons in the fourth energy level.
D) 1 electron in the first energy level.

Question 79

Which of the following would have the largest number of hydrogen ions (H⁺)?

A) A solution with the pH 11
B) A solution with the pH 8
C) A container of acetic acid (vinegar)
D) A container of a strong base

Question 80

Which combination of elements is most likely to undergo a chemical reaction based on their positions in the Periodic Table of the Elements?

A) Na and Cl
B) Na and Mg
C) F and Ne
D) All would react.