Deck 18: A Research Focus on Corrections

Question 1

The American correctional movement began in

A) Massachusetts.
B) Pennsylvania.
C) New York.
D) Illinois.

Answer 1

Pennsylvania.

Question 2

Which of the following physicians from Philadelphia took up the cause of penal reform, calling for the abolition of capital punishment?

A) William Penn
B) John Elmira
C) William Rush
D) John Auburn

Answer 2

William Rush

Question 3

When did the Eastern Penitentiary receive its first inmates?

A) 1805
B) 1817
C) 1826
D) 1829

Answer 3

1829

Question 4

Which penitentiary was a round building, permitting control of all cells from a central point?

A) Western
B) Eastern
C) Auburn
D) Elmira

Question 5

Congregate labor was used in which penitentiary?

A) Western
B) Eastern
C) Auburn
D) Walnut Street

Question 6

The National Prison Association considered the __________ Penitentiary to be a model for the reformatory movement.

A) Western
B) Eastern
C) Auburn
D) Elmira

Question 7

A serious prison riot broke out in which prison in 1971?

A) Santa Fe
B) Attica
C) Angola
D) Joliet

Question 8

Prior to the 1960s, the courts had a(n) __________ doctrine; the courts did not intervene with the management of prisons.

A) ambivalent
B) laissez faire
C) "leave them alone"
D) "hands-off"

Question 9

Which type of facility does not normally house convicted persons?

A) detention centers
B) correctional facilities
C) prisons
D) none of these

Question 10

Which of the following statements is True about jails?

A) Jails have better management and facilities than prisons.
B) Jails have better recreation and education programs than prisons.
C) Jails have inferior conditions compared with prisons.
D) Jails are much larger than prisons.

Question 11

In the context of operation of jails, a _____ is one in which a county government pays a modest amount of money for each prisoner per day.

A) fee system
B) conjugal system
C) good-time system
D) victim compensation system

Question 12

The United States currently has ____ supermax units in 42 states.

A) 78
B) 57
C) 60
D) 12

Question 13

In 2007, what percentage of black males between the ages of 25 and 29 were in prison?

A) 1.2
B) 3.6
C) 8.5
D) 14.8

Question 14

The U.S. incarceration rate is exceeded only by that of

A) Kazakhstan.
B) Belarus.
C) Russia.
D) none of these

Question 15

The term __________ is used to describe the complex process by which new inmates learn the ways of prison society and what is expected of them.

A) prisonization
B) indoctrination
C) socialization
D) acculturation

Question 16

Which model suggests that the inmate subculture is not formed within the prison but is brought in from the outside?

A) deprivation
B) importation
C) cultural transference
D) transient

Question 17

In the context of the types of personalities found in correctional officers, _____ are most likely to have positive attitudes toward inmates but negative attitudes toward other officers.

A) pollyannas
B) burnouts
C) white hats
D) hard asses

Question 18

In the context of the types of personalities found in correctional officers, _____ are most likely to have positive attitudes toward both inmates and other correctional officers.

A) pollyannas
B) burnouts
C) white hats
D) hard asses

Question 19

The first prison for women was opened in Mt. Pleasant, New York, in what year?

A) 1904
B) 1851
C) 1835
D) 1809

Question 20

_____ refers to the release of a prison-bound offender into the community under the supervision of a trustworthy person and bound by certain conditions.

A) Probation
B) Arraignment
C) Incarceration
D) Indictment

Question 21

The Pennsylvania penitentiary system utilized congregate labor.

Question 22

Prisons, for the most part, have better management, education, recreation, and employment programs than jails.

Question 23

The United States currently has 60 supermax prisons.

Question 24

The first prison gang, the Gypsy Jakers, started at Angola prison.

Question 25

Boot camp programs are politically attractive because they are cost-effective and demonstrate to the public that offenders are undergoing an intense disciplinary experience.

Question 26

Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania and Auburn penitentiary systems.

Question 27

Discuss the prisoners' rights movement that began in the mid- and late 1960s.

Question 28

Compare and contrast jails and prisons.

Question 29

Discuss the two major competing models of prison culture and society, the deprivation model and the importation model.

Question 30

Discuss what research uncovers about elderly and female inmates.