Deck 3: Individual Differences

Question 1

Managers with high emotional intelligence are expected to perform well in jobs that require a high degree of interpersonal interaction.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Authoritarianism is the belief that power and status differences are not appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A manager with strong emotional intelligence is able to overcome his or her empathy when dealing with others.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Personality attributes are usually considered to be unstable and fluctuating.

Question 5

The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by the organization is referred to as

A) a complementary contract.
B) employment alignment.
C) person-job fit.
D) workplace balance.
E) job security.

Question 6

A person's self-efficacy is that person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task.

Question 7

Openness involves the ability to get along with others on the job.

Question 8

A person who is upbeat and optimistic, has an overall sense of well-being, and can see things in a positive light is said to possess positive Machiavellianism.

Question 9

Person-job fit is the extent to which the contributions made by the individual match the inducements offered by the organization.

Question 10

Empathy, managing emotions, and social skill are components of emotional intelligence.

Question 11

Personality attributes are usually considered to be unstable and fluctuating.

Question 12

People who possess the personality trait of Machiavellianism support delegation of authority, power, and control to subordinates.

Question 13

A person who tries to gain power and control over others in the workplace scores high in Machiavellianism.

Question 14

Agreeableness includes being

A) gentle.
B) cooperative.
C) understanding.
D) forgiving.
E) all of these

Question 15

The big five personality traits are a set of fundamental traits that are not especially relevant to organizations.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of circumstances in assessing individual differences?

A) Circumstances are more important in judging newer employees than they are in judging older employees.
B) Individual differences may shape circumstances, but circumstances cannot shape individual differences.
C) Managers can assess circumstances, but they cannot assess individual differences.
D) Whether specific differences that characterize a person are good or bad depends on circumstances.
E) Circumstances becomes more important the more unique the employee.

Question 17

Individual differences are personal attributes that vary from one person to another person.

Question 18

People with high neuroticism often experience difficulties when dealing with stress.

Question 19

The extent to which personality attributes are inherited from our parents or shaped by our environment is called ____ by psychologists.

A) individual differences
B) psychological contributions
C) nature versus nurture
D) psychological contract
E) psychological inducements

Question 20

A person's locus of control is the extent to which a person believes circumstances are a function of either his/her own actions or of external factors beyond his/her control.

Question 21

_______________ reflects a tendency to perceive or interpret information marked by vague, incomplete, fragmented, multiple, inconsistent, or contradictory meanings as actual or potential sources of psychological discomfort or threat.

A) Low tolerance for ambiguity
B) High tolerance for ambiguity
C) High risk propensity
D) Low risk propensity
E) Machiavellianism

Question 22

Being tolerant of ambiguity is related to which of the following?

A) creativity
B) positive attitudes toward risk
C) orientation to diversity
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 23

Mangers should place individuals with a _______ tolerance for ambiguity in well-defined and regulated tasks.

A) low
B) medium
C) high
D) any of these
E) none of these

Question 24

Jim has the ability to balance anxiety, fear, and anger and still get the job done.Jim possesses which component of emotional intelligence?

A) social skill
B) locus of control
C) managing emotions
D) empathy
E) motivating oneself

Question 25

If you accept orders from your supervisor solely because he or she is "the boss," you are highly

A) authoritarian.
B) self-monitoring.
C) perceptual.
D) motivational.
E) dogmatic.

Question 26

The ____ is among the most popular personality selection instruments used today in business.

A) MBO
B) MBTI
C) TQMI
D) JDI
E) PAQ

Question 27

​Personality affects which of the following?

A) ​choice of career
B) ​how long we stay with an employer
C) ​job satisfaction
D) ​job performance
E) ​all of these

Question 28

Individuals who score high in ____ tend to take their jobs seriously and act responsibly at work.

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extroversion
E) negative emotionality

Question 29

John truly believes that he can achieve his goal of selling 10 cars each month.This belief reflects John's

A) self-efficacy.
B) risk propensity.
C) attitude.
D) self-esteem.
E) Machiavellianism.

Question 30

Research has found that ____ people tend to be higher performers in a variety of jobs.

A) extroverted
B) introverted
C) conscientious
D) open
E) all of these

Question 31

A supervisor who experiments with new ideas, takes a chance with new products, and leads his or her department in new directions has high

A) locus of control.
B) risk propensity.
C) self-monitoring.
D) self-esteem.
E) competencies.

Question 32

Managers with a low tolerance for ambiguity tend to be more ________ with their staff and don't empower them to make their own decisions at work.

A) flexible
B) directive
C) passive
D) open
E) none of these

Question 33

____ is behavior directed at gaining power and controlling the behavior of others.

A) Authoritarianism
B) Positive affectivity
C) Machiavellianism
D) Selective perception
E) None of the above

Question 34

Which of the following statements regarding assessing employees' "Big Five" personality traits is true?

A) The "Big Five" personality traits are based primarily on research conducted in the United States.
B) Managers are basically uninterested in the "Big Five" personality traits.
C) Rigorous and valid measures of personality allow for their accurate assessment.
D) Managers should be very confident about their assessment of employees' personality traits.
E) Personality traits are poor predictors of virtually all employee behaviors.

Question 35

If you have the ability to understand how others feel, even without being told, you have the ability to

A) manage your emotions.
B) show empathy.
C) motivate yourself.
D) get along with others.
E) be promoted at your job.

Question 36

If you are proud of your accomplishments yet look forward to achieving higher levels of performance and are confident in your abilities, you have high

A) risk propensity.
B) locus of control.
C) conformity.
D) self-esteem.
E) self-monitoring.

Question 37

People with a high level of ____ are willing to listen to new ideas and to change their own ideas, beliefs, and attitudes in response to new information

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extroversion
E) negative emotionality

Question 38

George believes that he was promoted and given a raise based upon his hard work on the job.George has

A) self-efficacy
B) an internal locus of control.
C) emotional intelligence
D) high self-esteem
E) an external locus of control.

Question 39

Emotional intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) self-awareness
B) emotion management
C) locus of control
D) self-motivation
E) social skills

Question 40

Jane is relatively calm, poised, and secure.Jane's boss is more excitable, insecure, and reactive.Jane and her boss differ in their level of which personality trait described in the Big Five personality framework?

A) Self-efficacy
B) Agreeableness
C) Locus of control
D) Neuroticism
E) Openness

Question 41

Individuals targeted by bullies sometimes suffer from which of the following?

A) debilitating anxiety
B) panic attacks
C) clinical depression
D) post-traumatic stress
E) all of these

Question 42

The concept of Machiavellianism is based on what publication?

A) The Princess Diaries
B) The Prince
C) The Frog Prince
D) The Little Prince
E) The Princess and the Pea

Question 43

What term refers to a repeated mistreatment of another employee through verbal abuse, conduct that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating, or sabotage that interferes with the other person's work?

A) workplace bullying
B) ​sexual harassment
C) organizational politics
D) Machiavellianism
E) none of these

Question 44

What percent of the U.S.workforce reports either being bullied at work or witnessing bullying?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 50
D) 80
E) 90

Question 45

People who are _______________ seem to be more likely to be bullied.

A) more introverted
B) less agreeable
C) less conscientious
D) more emotionally unstable
E) all of these

Question 46

High Type As need ______ stimulation than Type Bs and are ______ likely to over-schedule themselves.

A) more, more
B) less, less
C) less, more
D) more, less
E) neither more nor less, equally

Question 47

Highly Machiavellian people are ______ ethically sensitive than are lower Machiavellian people and agree ______ with ethical policies or rules of behavior.

A) less, less
B) more, more
C) less, more
D) more, less
E) neither more nor less, just as much

Question 48

Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions refers to being sociable, assertive, talkative, and energetic?

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extroversion
E) neuroticism

Question 49

Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions is associated with being polite, good-natured, cooperative, forgiving?

A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extroversion
D) neuroticism
E) openness

Question 50

Workplace bullying can include which of the following?

A) verbal abuse
B) threats
C) intimidation
D) sabotage
E) all of these

Question 51

Eighty one percent of bullying behavior is done by whom?

A) administrative assistance
B) human resource workers
C) women
D) supervisors
E) younger employees

Question 52

Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions is associated with being careful, thorough, responsible, organized, hardworking, achievement-oriented, and persistent?

A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extroversion
D) neuroticism
E) openness

Question 53

Bullying costs employers through which of the following?

A) higher turnover
B) higher workers' compensation costs
C) higher disability insurance rates
D) a tarnished reputation
E) all of these

Question 54

Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions is associated with being anxious, depressed, angry, and insecure?

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extroversion
E) neuroticism

Question 55

What type of personality has been defined as someone who "employs aggressive, manipulative, exploiting, and devious moves to achieve personal or organizational objectives?"

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Machiavellian
D) avoidant
E) passive-aggressive

Question 56

People who are relaxed and easy going are said to have what personality type?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Machiavellian
D) sociopathic
E) open-minded

Question 57

A/an ___________ locus of control is related to passivity and learned helplessness and a/an __________ locus of control has been positively related to confidence in one's ability to successfully perform tasks.

A) undefined, defined
B) negative, positive
C) positive, negative
D) internal, external
E) external, internal

Question 58

Which term refers to the degree to which a person generally considers herself responsible for the things that happen to her?

A) authoritarianism
B) neuroticism
C) extroversion
D) self-esteem
E) locus of control

Question 59

People who are impatient, competitive, ambitious, and uptight are said to have what personality type?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Machiavellian
D) disagreeable
E) closed-minded

Question 60

People with an internal locus of control, as compared to those with an external locus of control, tend to be ______ socially integrated at work and report ______ favorable relationships with their supervisors.

A) less, less
B) more, more
C) more, less
D) less, more
E) equally, equally

Question 61

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is most important for whom?

A) managers
B) engineers
C) doctors
D) authors
E) firefighters

Question 62

___________ bullying victims sue or complain to state or federal agencies.

A) No
B) Very few
C) Most
D) Almost all
E) All

Question 63

__________ need quiet time to recharge their batteries.

A) Perceivers
B) Feelers
C) Thinkers
D) Extroverts
E) Introverts

Question 64

What term refers to the manner in which individuals process and organize information during learning?

A) emotional intelligence
B) general mental ability
C) verbal ability
D) analytical ability
E) information processing capacity

Question 65

Linguistic intelligence is most important for whom?

A) doctors
B) photographers
C) translators
D) musicians
E) scientists

Question 66

​General mental ability involves which of the following?

A) reasoning
B) remembering
C) understanding
D) problem solving
E) all of these

Question 67

Which of Gardner's multiple intelligences refers to self-awareness?

A) musical
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) intrapersonal
D) interpersonal
E) logical

Question 68

When situational pressures are _______________, we are better able to be ourselves and let our personalities guide our behaviors.

A) created by managers
B) created by the organization
C) weak
D) strong
E) long-lasting

Question 69

The motto of a/an ___________ is "ready, aim, aim," whereas the motto of a/an ____________ is "ready, fire, aim."

A) thinker, feeler
B) feeler, thinker
C) extrovert, introvert
D) introvert, extrovert
E) judger, perceiver

Question 70

​General mental ability tests examine which of the following?

A) verbal reasoning
B) mathematical reasoning
C) logic
D) perceptual ability
E) all of these

Question 71

____________ people are detail oriented and want facts.

A) Intuitive
B) Sensing
C) Extroverted
D) Introverted
E) Judging

Question 72

What is personality a product of?

A) heredity only
B) environment only
C) both heredity and the environment
D) neither heredity nor the environment
E) scientists do not know

Question 73

Interpersonal intelligence is most important for whom?

A) philosophers
B) chefs
C) inventors
D) scientists
E) teachers

Question 74

​How many personality types are there according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32

Question 75

___________ people are decisive and like to plan whereas ____________ people are adaptable, spontaneous, and curious.

A) Thinking, feeling
B) Feeling, thinking
C) Perceiving, judging
D) Judging, perceiving
E) Sensing, intuitive

Question 76

Which term refers to the capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process, and apply information?

A) information processing capacity
B) general mental ability
C) verbal ability
D) analytical ability
E) emotional intelligence

Question 77

​_________ value fairness, and decide things impersonally based on objective criteria and logic.

A) Perceivers
B) Feelers
C) Thinkers
D) Extroverts
E) Introverts

Question 78

__________ people like to get things decided quickly while __________ people prefer to stay open to new information and options.

A) Thinking, feeling
B) Feeling, thinking
C) Perceiving, judging
D) Judging, perceiving
E) Intuitive, sensing

Question 79

Spatial-visual intelligence is most important for whom?​

A) lawyers
B) artists
C) accountants
D) salespeople
E) politicians

Question 80

​Logical-mathematical intelligence is most important for whom?

A) beauty consultants
B) sculptors
C) statisticians
D) salespeople
E) radio hosts