Deck 2: Evolution of Management Thought

Question 1

The Family and Medical Leave Act was passed in 1993, changing the way managers must administer their leave policies. This law is an example of an economic influence on the evolution of management thought.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The ethnic, racial, and gender composition of today's workforce is becoming increasingly homogenous.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Environmental factors which influence management thought include economic, political, social, technical, and global factors.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

CAD, CAM, and FMS are factors that exemplify global influences on management thought.

Question 5

Technological factors that influence management thought involve advances and refinements in any of the devices used in conjunction with conducting business.

Question 6

Political factors that influence management thought involve the availability, production, and distribution of resources within a society.

Question 7

The behavioral perspective is the oldest formal viewpoint of management.

Question 8

The behavioral perspective has its roots in the management experiences that occurred in the rapidly expanding manufacturing environment that typified U.S. and European industrialization.

Question 9

The contingency perspective was developed at the time of, and as a result of, the industrial revolution in the United States and Europe.

Question 10

Scientific management focuses on the productivity of the individual worker.

Question 11

Frederick Winslow Taylor, using Scientific Management, believed that money was the way to motivate workers to their fullest capabilities.

Question 12

Suppose you work for a firm that uses time-and-motion studies to determine the most efficient way to perform tasks. You would be benefiting from some of the early research in this area done by Frank Gilbreth.

Question 13

Scientific management focuses on the overall organizational system.

Question 14

Bureaucratic management focuses on the productivity of the individual worker.

Question 15

Administrative management focuses on the overall organizational system.

Question 16

Frederick W. Taylor is most closely identified with administrative management.

Question 17

Henri Fayol specialized in time-and-motion studies to determine the most efficient way to perform tasks.

Question 18

Frank Gilbreth identified seventeen work elements (such as lifting and grasping) and called them therbligs.

Question 19

Henri Fayol was the first to recognize that successful managers had to understand the basis managerial functions of planning, leading, organizing, and controlling.

Question 20

Frederick Taylor felt that a single supervisor could not be an expert at all tasks.

Question 21

Fayol advocated an order principle which stated that everything and everyone should be in their proper place.

Question 22

Charismatic authority is based upon a set of impersonal rules and regulations that apply to all employees.

Question 23

Traditional authority is based upon a set of impersonal rules and regulations that apply to all employees.

Question 24

The bureaucratic management perspective stresses impersonality and technical competence in the selection and promotion of employees.

Question 25

Elton Mayo, Frederick Taylor, and Douglas McGregor are all identified with the classical perspective of management.

Question 26

Mary Parker Follett conducted the famous Hawthorne experiments.

Question 27

Douglas McGregor proposed the theory X and theory Y styles of management.

Question 28

Theory Z managers perceive that their subordinates have an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if at all possible.

Question 29

Elton Mayo's (the Hawthorne Studies) work represented a transition from scientific management to the early human relations movement.

Question 30

Chester Bernard developed a theory of authority and believed that authority flows from the ability of subordinates to accept or reject an order.

Question 31

Mary Parker Follett concluded that coordination was a key to effective management.

Question 32

Douglas McGregor is identified with theory Z management.

Question 33

Theory Y management is based on the assumption that once a trusting relationship with workers is established, production will increase.

Question 34

A Theory X manager motivates employees by threatening them with corrective action while a Theory Y manager motivates employees by offering greater compensation.

Question 35

The behavioral perspective is characterized by the use of mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques for management decision making and problem-solving.

Question 36

Synergy is defined as a phenomenon whereby an organization can accomplish more when its subsystems work together than it can when they work independently.

Question 37

Feedback represents information about the status and performance of the system.

Question 38

Open systems presume that an organization does not need to interact with its environment.

Question 39

The contingency approach is also referred to as "management science."

Question 40

The contingency perspective proposed that managerial style is situation-specific.

Question 41

The contingency perspective asserts that managers are responsible for determining which managerial approach is likely to be most effective in a given situation.

Question 42

Small-batch technology is typified by workers who produce custom-made products in relatively small quantities.

Question 43

William Ouchi identified and described three different types of technology: small-batch technology, mass-production technology, and continuous-process technology.

Question 44

Oil refineries, flour mills, and chemical processors utilize continuous-process technology.

Question 45

Technological advances in information processing make the largest contributions to the areas of human behavior.

Question 46

Since diversity is now commonplace in most organizations, future managers need not be concerned with this issue.

Question 47

In the future, cultural, racial, and gender diversity will have a huge influence on management thinking.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) Management thinking has evolved throughout the centuries to deal with the ever-changing environment.
B) Management thinking continues to evolve to meet the challenges raised by today's rapid changes.
C) Management thinking will continue to change to reflect the influence of environmental factors.
D) Management thinking will continue to steadfastly adhere to the basic principles of historic management thought with little room for change.
E) Management thinking and its changes are nothing new. All that is new are the types of change.

Question 49

Economic influences relate to the availability, production, and distribution of __________ within a society.

A) technology
B) resources
C) influence
D) building materials
E) services

Question 50

__________ influences are illustrated by Home Depot's monitoring of Hurricane Floyd in 1999, and its subsequent distribution of such scarce resources as plywood and emergency generators to cities along its projected path.

A) Social
B) Political
C) Technological
D) Economic
E) Global

Question 51

Because world supplies of oil are limited, future generations may have to rely upon alternative sources of energy such as coal, wind, solar, and perhaps even newer forms of energy. To energy businesses, this eventual shift in sources of energy is most directly a/an __________ factor that may influence management thought.

A) economic
B) recycling
C) social
D) technological
E) psychological

Question 52

__________ influences relate to the aspects of a culture that influence interpersonal relationships.

A) Technological
B) Governmental
C) Political
D) Social
E) Economic

Question 53

Work stoppages and strikes are examples of __________ phenomena that have influenced management thought.

A) economic
B) political
C) global
D) social
E) technological

Question 54

Empowered workers at Harley Davidson were one of the key factors that contributed to the dramatic resurgence of the company despite the fierce competition from Japanese motorcycles. These workers represent a/an __________ influence.

A) political
B) social
C) global
D) technological
E) economic

Question 55

__________ factors influence management thought related to the impact of political institutions on individuals and organizations.

A) Psychological
B) Global
C) Political
D) Economic
E) Social

Question 56

When Congress addresses the minimum wage and workplace safety standards of organizations, it is exemplifying its __________ influence on management thought.

A) global
B) economic
C) political
D) social
E) technological

Question 57

Practices such as CAD, CAM, and CIM represent which type of influence on management thought?

A) global
B) political
C) social
D) technological
E) economic

Question 58

Many new innovations have had an effect on how managers view their jobs. Examples include cellular phones, laptop computers, and the Internet. These innovations are examples of __________ influences on management thought.

A) economic
B) social
C) technological
D) global
E) political

Question 59

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) Administrative management focuses on the productivity of the individual.
B) Bureaucratic management focuses on the overall organizational system.
C) The classical perspective is comprised of scientific, administrative, and bureaucratic management.
D) Classical perspective has its roots in the Industrial Revolution.
E) The classical perspective is the oldest of the formal viewpoints; its origins date back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Question 60

The __________ perspective had its roots in the management experiences that were occurring in the rapidly expanding manufacturing organizations that typified U.S. and European industrialization.

A) behavioral
B) systems
C) classical
D) quantitative
E) contingency

Question 61

The classical perspective consists of three main subfields:

A) scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management.
B) systems analysis, contingency theory, and Theory Z.
C) quantitative management, administrative management, and the Hawthorne effect.
D) bureaucratic management, contingency theory, and the Hawthorne effect.
E) administrative management, Theory Z, and scientific Management.

Question 62

The oldest of the "formal viewpoints of management emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and has come to be known as the

A) behavioral perspective.
B) classical perspective.
C) contingency perspective.
D) technological perspective.
E) historic perspective.

Question 63

Which of the following correctly matches the approach to management with its primary emphasis?

A) scientific management-productivity of the individual worker
B) administrative management-overall organizational system
C) bureaucratic management-productivity of the individual worker
D) scientific management-functions of management
E) bureaucratic management-functions of management

Question 64

Which of the following correctly matches the approach to management with its primary emphasis?

A) bureaucratic management-productivity of the individual worker
B) scientific management-functions of management
C) administrative management-individual productivity
D) bureaucratic management-overall organizational system
E) scientific management-overall organizational system

Question 65

Which of the following correctly matches the management scholar with the theory that he or she is most closely identified with?

A) administrative management-Elton Mayo
B) scientific management-Elton Mayo
C) contingency theory-Lillian Gilbreth
D) bureaucratic management-Frederick Taylor
E) administrative management-Henri Fayol

Question 66

Which of the following employed the time-and-motion studies that identified and measured worker's physical movements while the worker performed a task?

A) administrative management
B) scientific management
C) contingency theory
D) bureaucratic management
E) administrative management.

Question 67

Scientific management focuses on

A) managers and the functions they perform.
B) an overall organizational system and its rules and procedures.
C) availability of resources.
D) advances and refinements to devices used in conducting business.
E) the productivity of the individual worker.

Question 68

Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory concentrated on the following three areas:

A) task performance, supervision, and quality.
B) task performance, supervision, and working conditions.
C) task performance, supervision, and motivation.
D) task performance, quality, and motivation.
E) task performance, quality, and working conditions.

Question 69

Which of the following is not a basic expectation of management according to the scientific management approach?

A) Standard methods should be developed for performing each job within the organization.
B) Workers with the appropriate abilities should be selected for each job.
C) Workers should be trained in the standard methods.
D) Workers should be supported by having their work planned for them.
E) Workers should participate with management in the development of both strategy and basic output requirements.

Question 70

Suppose you went to work for an auto parts manufacturer and soon learned that your managers were convinced that there is "one ideal way to perform each job. If this were the case, you would be working for a company that subscribed to an approach to management referred to as

A) closed systems management.
B) administrative management.
C) scientific management.
D) behavioral perspective.
E) systems perspective.

Question 71

In the area of motivation, Frederick Taylor (Scientific Management) felt that __________ was the way to motivate workers to their fullest capabilities.

A) positive reinforcement
B) money
C) negative reinforcement
D) stimulating work environment
E) peer pressure

Question 72

Terms such as therbligs and functional foremanship are associated with which school of management thought?

A) bureaucratic management
B) administrative management
C) scientific management
D) behavioral perspective
E) systems perspective

Question 73

Frank Gilbreth identified 17 work elements (such as lifting, grasping, and positioning) in time-motion studies and called these elements:

A) frames
B) therbligs
C) motions
D) semarfs
E) steps

Question 74

Administrative management focuses on

A) managers and the functions they perform.
B) the overall system and its policies and procedures.
C) availability of resources.
D) advances and refinements to devices used in conducting business.
E) the productivity of the individual worker.

Question 75

Which management scholar was the first to recognize that successful managers had to understand the basic managerial functions?

A) Douglas McGregor
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Max Weber
D) Elton Mayo
E) Henri Fayol

Question 76

The concept of administrative management is most closely identified with

A) Chester Bernard.
B) Douglas McGregor.
C) Henri Fayol.
D) Frank Gilbreth.
E) Frederick Taylor.

Question 77

Which of the following management scholars is mostly closely associated with bureaucratic management?

A) Chester Barnard
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Elton Mayo
D) William Ouchi
E) Max Weber

Question 78

The managerial perspective that focuses on the overall organizational system and is based upon firm rules, policies, and procedures; a fixed hierarchy; and a clear division of labor; is referred to as the

A) contingency perspective.
B) technological perspective.
C) bureaucratic perspective.
D) qualitative perspective.
E) systems perspective.

Question 79

Weber's theory of bureaucratic management included all of the following characteristics except

A) division of labor.
B) hierarchy of authority.
C) rules and procedures.
D) individualism.
E) employee selection and promotion.

Question 80

Your company wishes to remove personal favoritism that may exist in the company and thus wishes to make all employee selection and promotion decisions on the basis of objective competence. Your company is practicing __________ management.

A) scientific
B) bureaucratic
C) administrative
D) systems
E) behavioral