Deck 4: Individual Values, Perceptions, and Reactions

Question 1

Because stress is harmful, it should be eliminated.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Stress is defined as an individual's adaptive response to a stimulus.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Better managing a daily schedule through effective time management can reduce stress on the job.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Organizational consequences of stress include a decline in performance, heart disease, and headaches.

Question 5

Stress in organizational settings is not influenced by events that take place outside the organization.

Question 6

Burnout is a general feeling of exhaustion that develops when a person simultaneously experiences too much pressure and has too few sources of satisfaction.

Question 7

The two most significant forms of withdrawal behavior are absenteeism and quitting.

Question 8

A person who screens out information because he or she is uncomfortable with the information or the information contradicts his or her belief is affected by stereotyping.

Question 9

Supervision is not considered to be an important institutional role in managing workplace stress.

Question 10

When a person first encounters a stressor, the first stage is called alarm.

Question 11

Stimuli that cause stress are called "stressors."

Question 12

Distress is known as the positive form of stress.

Question 13

The use of support groups is an effective organizational strategy for adapting to and managing stress.

Question 14

Cognitive dissonance occurs when there is congruence among attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors.

Question 15

The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to a stressor without resolution.

Question 16

Temperature can create stress in the organizational environment.

Question 17

Basic perceptual processes include selective perception and stereotyping.

Question 18

Two basic organizational strategies for helping employees manage stress are institutional programs and individual coping mechanisms.

Question 19

In the workplace, stress is sometimes a positive factor.

Question 20

Task demands include group pressures, leadership, and interpersonal conflict.

Question 21

The ____ component of an attitude reflects how an individual expects to behave toward or in a situation.

A) cognition
B) intellect
C) expectation
D) affect
E) intention

Question 22

After working in a fast-food restaurant for three years to pay for your college tuition, you vowed never to work in a restaurant again.But after graduation the only job offer you receive is a managerial job at a local restaurant.Your acceptance of this job may result in ____ dissonance.

A) attitudinal
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) affective
E) intentional

Question 23

George is highly committed and has an attachment to the organization where he works.He feels he is a true member of the company.George is demonstrating ____.

A) organizational citizenship.
B) organizational commitment.
C) job identification.
D) job satisfaction.
E) job involvement.

Question 24

A moderate degree of workload-related stress can

A) stimulate energy and motivation.
B) overload the nervous system.
C) weaken the physical system.
D) result in apathy.
E) increase anxiety.

Question 25

When a large-scale layoff is announced in Bill's company, all the workers including Bill begin to complain.According to attribution theory, we would evaluate Bill's behavior as exhibiting

A) high consistency.
B) high distinctiveness.
C) low consistency.
D) low consensus.
E) high consensus.

Question 26

Which of the following is a basic cause of stress in organizations?

A) Life change
B) Life trauma
C) Intrinsic demands
D) Extrinsic demands
E) Physical demands

Question 27

A person who generally sees things in a positive light and seems to be in a good mood most of the time has a high level of

A) locus of control.
B) self-efficacy.
C) conscientiousness.
D) positive affectivity.
E) Machiavellianism.

Question 28

Tammi generally is pessimistic and usually sees things in a negative light.Tammi has a relatively high degree of

A) self-criticism.
B) negative affectivity.
C) locus of control.
D) Machiavellianism.
E) self-efficacy.

Question 29

A poorly designed office that doesn't allow a worker adequate privacy is an example of a(n) ____ organizational stressor.

A) physical demand
B) personal demand
C) task demand
D) role demand
E) interpersonal demand

Question 30

Task demands that are too low can cause a person to

A) develop healthy coping techniques.
B) become bored.
C) be healthy and pleased with life.
D) feel invigorated.
E) become anxious about time pressures.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT true about the general adaptation syndrome model?

A) Everyone has a stress threshold.
B) Some people cannot tolerate much stress at all.
C) Prolonged exposure to stress results in a greater tolerance for future stress.
D) Some people can tolerate a great deal of stress.
E) Each person has a normal level of resistance to stressful events.

Question 32

If you are satisfied with your job because you are given good benefits, this is a(n) ____ component of your attitude.

A) affect
B) intention
C) intellect
D) behavior
E) cognition

Question 33

One of the primary differences between attitudes and personality is that

A) attitudes are more difficult to assess than personality attributes.
B) attitudes are stronger than personality attributes.
C) attitudes are more deeply rooted than personality attributes.
D) attitudes are less important than personality attributes in predicting behavior.
E) attitudes are not as stable as personality attributes.

Question 34

Trade-offs between extreme demands are usually needed when balancing work-life linkages.

Question 35

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome do people wonder how to cope with stressors?

A) Resistance
B) Exhaustion
C) Realization
D) Emotion
E) Alarm

Question 36

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome do people give up because they can no longer cope with the stressor?

A) Deflation
B) Exhaustion
C) Realization
D) Resistance
E) Alarm

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of distress?

A) Excessive pressure to perform
B) Mental preparations before playing a sport
C) Giving a speech
D) Getting married
E) Getting a promotion

Question 38

____ is the process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts our beliefs.

A) Perceived reality
B) Person-job fit
C) Selective perception
D) Complementary congruence
E) Objective reality

Question 39

Stressors are defined as

A) stress on the job.
B) the result of mismanagement.
C) stress that accompanies negative events.
D) anything that induce stress.
E) situations that should be avoided.

Question 40

The ____ component of an attitude is derived from feelings that an individual has about another person or situation.

A) cognition
B) intention
C) perception
D) affect
E) intellect

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT an example of a collateral program?

A) Career development
B) Employee fitness
C) Health promotion
D) Stress management
E) Shift work

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT one of the suggested steps for time management?

A) Impression management
B) Make a list every morning
C) Work on tasks in order of importance
D) Identify critical activities
E) Identify trivial activities

Question 43

Which type of value reflects how we want to accomplish what we want to accomplish?

A) intrinsic
B) ​extrinsic
C) ​primary
D) ​terminal
E) ​instrumental

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a type of value?​

A) intrinsic
B) ​extrinsic
C) ​primary
D) ​terminal
E) ​instrumental

Question 45

All of the following are examples of an interpersonal demand stressor EXCEPT

A) Leadership style
B) Personalities
C) Group norms
D) Job security
E) Group acceptance

Question 46

Smoking and alcohol abuse are ____ consequences of too much stress at work.

A) psychological
B) medical
C) behavioral
D) physiological
E) cognitive

Question 47

Burnout

A) is most frequently found among high achievers.
B) occurs when the worker enrolls in stress-management programs.
C) occurs when a worker puts too little of himself or herself into the job.
D) is more common among women than men.
E) is found more often in Type B personalities.

Question 48

All of the following are signs of burnout except

A) Putting in long hours, but getting little accomplished
B) Dreading going to work
C) Metal exhaustion
D) Physical exhaustion
E) Strenuous exercise

Question 49

Which type of value reflects what we want to accomplish?

A) intrinsic
B) ​extrinsic
C) ​primary
D) ​terminal
E) ​instrumental

Question 50

Psychological consequences of stress include all of the following EXCEPT

A) depression
B) sleeping too much
C) not sleeping enough
D) headaches
E) family problems

Question 51

Work-life relationships that are separate from work include all of the following EXCEPT

A) a person's spouse
B) career goals
C) dependents
D) personal life interests
E) friendship networks

Question 52

Behavioral consequences of organizational stress include all of the following EXCEPT

A) smoking.
B) alcohol abuse
C) negative changes in attitudes
D) aggression
E) appetite disorders

Question 53

Common dimensions of a person's life that are not tied specifically to work include all of the following EXCEPT

A) hobbies
B) spouse or life companion
C) religious affiliations
D) dependents
E) working hours

Question 54

​Intrinsic work values are defined as _____________.

A) values related to your education
B) values related to the work itself
C) values not related to the work
D) values related to your family
E) values related to the outcome of doing the work

Question 55

Medical consequences of stress include all of the following EXCEPT

A) Strokes
B) Ulcers
C) Accident proneness
D) Heart attacks
E) Headaches

Question 56

Usually, high work stress results in ____________ job performance.

A) equal or better
B) decreased
C) no effect on
D) increased
E) usually increased, but sometimes decreased

Question 57

All of the following are direct organizational consequences of stress EXCEPT

A) accident proneness.
B) poor work quality.
C) turnover.
D) absenteeism.
E) lowered productivity.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOTa relaxation technique for coping with work stress?

A) Making a "to do" list
B) Sitting quietly with eyes closed
C) Taking a rest break
D) Taking a vacation
E) Taking a nap

Question 59

A(n) ____ is a set of expected behaviors associated with a particular position in a group or organization.

A) information node
B) stressor
C) role
D) catalyst
E) demand

Question 60

Medical, psychological, and behavioral responses to stress are primarily

A) eustress.
B) burnout.
C) hardiness adjustments.
D) individual consequences.
E) organizational consequences.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that has the greatest influence on job satisfaction?

A) values
B) personality
C) the work itself
D) alma mater
E) attitudes

Question 62

Extrinsicwork values are defined as _____________.

A) values related to your family
B) values related to the types of work you do
C) values that give you a lot of job responsibility
D) values related to the outcomes of the work
E) values that give you challenging opportunities at work

Question 63

An employee who just finished an MBA paid for by a firm's tuition reimbursement program might feel a moral obligation to stay with the employer for at least a few years to repay the debt.This person would be classified by which type of commitment?

A) Dysfunctional
B) Continuance
C) Affective
D) Normative
E) none of these

Question 64

______________is defined as a heightened emotional and intellectual connection that an employee has for her job, organization, manager, or coworkers that, in turn, influences her to apply additional discretionary effort to his/her work

A) Normative commitment
B) Affective commitment
C) Community engagement
D) Employee engagement
E) Job satisfaction

Question 65

Our job satisfaction tends to ___________ over time, ______ when we change jobs or employers.

A) increase, especially
B) decrease, especially
C) fluctuate randomly, including
D) stay constant, even
E) stay constant, except

Question 66

​Individual-organization value conflict occurs when ___________________.​

A) an employee's values conflict with the values of the organization
B) an employee's values conflict with the values of another employee
C) a friend's values conflict with the values of the organization
D) family values conflict with the values of a friend
E) all of these

Question 67

Employees who find intrinsic value in their work are doing what is ____________.

A) important to them
B) important to their spouse
C) not important to them
D) ​obligatory
E) none of these

Question 68

Which of the following is a way to resolve cognitive dissonance?

A) change your behavior
B) change your attitude
C) reason about the situation
D) search for additional information
E) all of these

Question 69

Intrapersonal value conflict occurs when ________________.​

A) highly ranked instrumental and terminal values contradict
B) highly ranked instrumental and terminal values are parallel
C) two different people hold contradictory values
D) two different people hold parallel values
E) none of these

Question 70

____________ is a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions.

A) Psychology
B) Creativity
C) Intelligence
D) Affectivity
E) Personality

Question 71

​Engagement is enhanced when employees _______________.

A) have clear goals and roles
B) have the resources needed to do a good job
C) get meaningful feedback on their performance
D) are able to use their talents
E) all of these

Question 72

____________ workers do not perform close to their potential capability, lacking the emotional and motivational connections to their employer that drive discretionary effort.

A) Introverted
B) Efficient
C) Inefficient
D) Engaged
E) Disengaged

Question 73

Interpersonal value conflict occurs when ________________.​

A) highly ranked instrumental and terminal values contradict
B) highly ranked instrumental and terminal values are parallel
C) two different people hold contradictory values
D) two different people hold parallel values
E) none of these

Question 74

__________ commitment is defined as staying with an organization because of perceived high costs involved with leaving.

A) Dysfunctional
B) Continuance
C) Affective
D) Normative
E) none of these

Question 75

__________ commitment is defined as positive emotional attachment to the organization and strong identification with its values and goals.

A) Dysfunctional
B) Continuance
C) Affective
D) Normative
E) none of these

Question 76

​As a manager, if you want to increase your subordinates' job satisfaction, focus first on __________________.

A) improving their after-work activities
B) improving the nature of the work itself
C) locating the office in a nice place
D) locating the break room in a nice place
E) ensuring that the work area is always pulsing with sweet jams

Question 77

__________ commitment is defined as feeling obliged to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons.

A) Dysfunctional
B) Continuance
C) Affective
D) Normative
E) none of these

Question 78

​An example of an intrinsic work value is _______________.​

A) health insurance
B) social contact with friends
C) having lots of time to spend with family
D) challenging work
E) financial gain

Question 79

Which one of the following statements most clearly embodies continuance commitment?

A) "I work here because it would be wrong of me to quit."
B) "I work here because I'm afraid to quit."
C) "I work here because I want to."
D) "I work here because I have to work somewhere."
E) "I work here because I don't have a choice."

Question 80

What are the two types of affectivity?

A) positive and negative
B) high and low
C) distress and eustress
D) anxious and relaxed
E) odd and even