Deck 3: Personal and Social Barriers to Success

Question 1

Jordan is a student who has just begun taking courses at a nearby college. Because of Jordan's limited interaction with people from diverse cultural backgrounds, he hesitates to venture too far out of his comfort zone. Specifically, he shies away from social gatherings and jobs where he anticipates meeting people that do not look or talk like him. Consequently, he has missed out on a number of opportunities to make new friends and expand his social network. Jordan's experiences illustrate which of the following?

A) personal barriers
B) social barriers
C) both personal and social barriers
D) neither personal nor social barriers

Answer 1

personal barriers

Question 2

When we perceive what we want to perceive, this is called

A) ethnocentrism
B) stereotyping
C) selective perception
D) perceptual vulnerability

Answer 2

selective perception

Question 3

In his discussion of barriers to success, the author "places" the reader on campus at the University of North Carolina. Specifically, you are asked to evaluate a number of statues found on campus that were created to depict the diversity of the university's diverse student population. The author cites this example to illustrate which of the following barriers?

A) ethnocentrism
B) limited perceptions
C) classism
D) homophobia
E) the nonprejudiced discriminator

Answer 3

limited perceptions

Question 4

Which of the following statements best illustrates ethnocentrism?

A) "If you don't do it my way, it's not the right way."
B) "Different strokes for different folks."
C) "Throughout the world no two people are alike."
D) "Beauty is only skin deep."

Question 5

According to findings from The Pew Global Attitude Project, people in many of the countries surveyed agreed that "their culture is superior to others." This attitude illustrates which of the following barriers?

A) ethnocentrism
B) cultural relativism
C) stereotype vulnerability
D) discrimination

Question 6

An unverified and oversimplified generalization about an entire group of people is called

A) discrimination
B) a stereotype
C) ethnocentrism
D) groupthink
E) an "ism"

Question 7

Joe is a college student majoring in business. Because he is extremely good-looking, people who do not even know him assume he is sociable, sensitive, and poised. This is an example of the

A) nonprejudiced discriminator
B) nonprejudiced nondiscriminatory
C) attractiveness stereotype
D) pyramiding effect
E) scapegoating

Question 8

Following the attacks on September 11, 2001, some Muslims living in the United States encountered a number of social barriers. In some cases, people prejudged and misjudged Muslims simply because of their appearance. This is an example of

A) discrimination
B) prejudice
C) both prejudice and discrimination
D) neither prejudice nor discrimination

Question 9

According to the text, prejudice can lead to

A) inaccurate judgments about people
B) "coping fatigue"
C) resentment and fear
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 10

In a well-known experiment conducted in the 1960's, Jane Elliott sought to teach her third- grade students in a rural town in Iowa about the dynamics of prejudice. She did this by dividing her students according to

A) their grades on tests
B) the color of their skin
C) their parents' income
D) their eye color

Question 11

When the economy took a turn for the worse, unemployed workers in a small town outside of Atlanta were both angry and frustrated. Unable to strike out at the real cause of their predicament, they unfairly blamed local immigrants for the fact that they did not have a job.This is an example of

A) the pyramiding effect
B) stereotype vulnerability
C) scapegoating
D) ethnocentrism

Question 12

The ability to influence and control others is the definition of

A) prestige
B) scapegoat
C) power
D) xenophobia
E) stereotype vulnerability

Question 13

In her interviews with the residents of Jasper, Texas, Dina Temple-Raston found that

A) there was very little difference in the way Whites and Blacks view racism
B) Whites viewed hate crimes as the work of individual racists in Jasper
C) Whites viewed hate crimes as a reflection of historical racial tensions in Jasper
D) Whites were totally unwilling to discuss race relations in Jasper

Question 14

Unequal treatment of people on the basis of their group membership is the definition of

A) prejudice
B) stereotype
C) ethnocentrism
D) discrimination

Question 15

Which of the following would be an example of discrimination against women?

A) pregnancy
B) believing that women are best suited to rear children
C) denying women a job based on their assumed sexual weakness
D) thinking that women leaders are too emotional

Question 16

An employer feels negatively toward employing older people. Nevertheless, he hires older people because of equal opportunity laws. This is an example of

A) an unprejudiced discriminator
B) an unprejudiced nondiscriminator
C) a prejudiced nondiscriminator
D) a prejudiced discriminator

Question 17

Often, Rivka is hesitant to ask questions in her advanced math class. Since it seems as if everyone expects her to perform poorly in math because of her gender, she rarely says anything. By not asking questions, she avoids the risk of being perceived as a low achiever when it comes to math. This is an example of

A) the pyramiding effect
B) scapegoating
C) cultural incompetence
D) stereotype vulnerability
E) xenophobia

Question 18

Hate crimes reflect the conflict and imbalance of power that has existed among races throughout the history of the U.S. According to this point of view, hate crimes are a reflection of

A) psychological racism
B) the pyramiding effect of racism
C) individual racism
D) institutional racism
E) selective racism

Question 19

Which of the following is not an example of institutional discrimination?

A) A father wants his daughter to stay away from a child of a different religion.
B) A bank instructs its employees to refuse loans to people of a particular race.
C) A school district uses different standards to evaluate male and female administrators.
D) Students in wheelchairs are unable to enter certain classrooms at their school because these rooms are not handicap accessible.

Question 20

A landlord has no negative personal opinions toward Native Americans. However, many tenants have a deep-seated resentment toward members of this group. To avoid offending these tenants, the landlord does not rent to anyone who appears to be Native American. The landlord is a(n)

A) unprejudiced nondiscriminator
B) unprejudiced discriminator
C) prejudiced nondiscriminator
D) prejudiced discriminator

Question 21

Paul is open-minded about the subject of homosexuality. However, his friends at school openly ridicule and tease those students who are openly gay. To be accepted by his friends,Paul usually joins in and treats gays in a similar fashion. In this example, Paul is

A) an unprejudiced discriminator
B) an unprejudiced nondiscriminator
C) a prejudiced nondiscriminator
D) a prejudiced discriminator

Question 22

Roberto, a manager of a small firm that sells sports equipment, assumes that people with disabilities are more likely to miss work. Therefore, he avoids hiring individuals who appear disabled. Roberto is an example of

A) an unprejudiced discriminator
B) an unprejudiced nondiscriminator
C) a prejudiced nondiscriminator
D) a prejudiced discriminator

Question 23

The cumulative impact of encounters with prejudice, discrimination, ethnocentrism, and other social barriers is referred to as the

A) synergystic effect
B) pyramiding effect
C) residual influence
D) progressive influence

Question 24

When we show ethnocentrism, we use our own cultural standards to determine what is right or normal.

Question 25

Ethnocentrism is universal.

Question 26

The assumption that all Whites cannot be trusted is an example of a stereotype.

Question 27

Xenophobia refers to people's unreasonable fear of foreigners.

Question 28

Discrimination refers to an opinion that is both irrational and inflexible.

Question 29

According to the text, personal barriers refer to those factors that are external to a person and impede her or his success.

Question 30

In comparison to Whites, Blacks in the U.S. are more apt to see racism as built into social institutions.

Question 31

Intragroup discrimination occurs between groups, while intergroup discrimination occurs within groups.

Question 32

When we scapegoat, we unfairly blame others for our own problems.

Question 33

A "culture of victimization" encourages us to look for simple answers to complex problems.

Question 34

Prejudice is learned.

Question 35

According to interviews conducted by Dina Temple-Raston, Blacks living in Jaspar, Texas, generally viewed the death of James Byrd as the work of a few, racist troublemakers.

Question 36

Prejudice always leads to discrimination.

Question 37

Those factors that are external to an individual and stand in the way of an individual's success are known as_____ _______ .

Question 38

In discussing personal and social barriers to success, the author of our text discusses the role of______ , or the way we receive and interpret information from our senses.

Question 39

______ is derived from two Latin words - prae ("before") and judicum ("a judgment ").

Question 40

Racism, sexism, and classism illustrate the interconnection between prejudice and______.

Question 41

The cumulative impact of encounters with prejudice, discrimination, and other barriers is known as the ______

Question 42

What is the difference between personal and social barriers? Give one example of each.

Question 43

Explain what is meant by stereotype vulnerability and give an example.

Question 44

List, explain, and give an example of each of the six barriers to success.

Question 45

Explain and give an example of each of the four combinations of prejudice and discrimination.

Question 46

Distinguish between intergroup and intragroup discrimination and give an example of each.

Question 47

Discuss four specific strategies for overcoming diversity barriers.

Question 48

Explain and give an example of stereotype vulnerability.