Deck 7: The Courts and Legal Professionals

Question 1

The United States uses indigenous courts in:

A)Small towns
B)Rural areas
C)Metropolitan areas
D)Native American reservations

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which general type of court answers appeals from lower courts?

A)Courts of limited jurisdiction
B)Courts of general jurisdiction
C)Intermediate appeal
D)Courts of last resort

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Bureaucratically based systems are found in the countries that have:

A)Civil Law systems
B)Common Law systems
C)Sacred Law systems
D)Socialist Law systems

Answer 3

A

Question 4

__________________ is a principle that holds that courts and judges are bound to the law and should make decisions without being under the influence, direct or indirect of other governmental or political structures.

Question 5

Which of the following countries displays the clearest example of a Politically Oriented System?

A)Germany
B)France
C)Japan
D)United States

Question 6

Which general type of courts are the major trial courts that have jurisdiction over any cases involving criminal law and sometimes civil law?

A)Courts of limited jurisdiction
B)Courts of general jurisdiction
C)Intermediate appeal
D)Courts of last resort

Question 7

In societies where communal ties may be strong enough to enable disputes to be settled in informal ways, ______________ courts have been formed.

Question 8

There are three primary methods for how judges are employed: _________________, _________________ and ___________________.

Question 9

Which of the following countries supports the International Criminal Courts?

A)China
B)Japan
C)United States
D)Russia

Question 10

A simple definition of a _________ is that it is an agency with power to settle disputes in a society.

Question 11

Whatever the reality of court operations in a society, most agree that a court should have two basic characteristics to function properly:

A)Democracy and judicial impartiality
B)Judicial independence and judicial impartiality
C)Democracy and judicial independence
D)Democracy and no judicial independence

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the four general categories of legal professionals in developed societies?

A)Adjudicators
B)Advocates
C)Assessors
D)Legal scholars

Question 13

____________ are legal representatives, usually lawyers, who present the evidence and make the arguments that allow adjudicators to make their decisions.

Question 14

What is the most common method of judge selection?

A)Career choice path
B)Appointment
C)Election
D)Combination method

Question 15

Which legal professional is akin to a paralegal in the United States, and are legally trained individuals who work outside the courtroom to advise and instruct individuals who have legal problems or needs, both civil and criminal?

A)Adjudicators
B)Advocates
C)Assessors
D)Legal advisors

Question 16

"Courts of Last Resort in France," are called?

A)Courts of Cassation
B)Courts of Appeal
C)Assize Courts
D)Tribunax d' instance

Question 17

The presumption of innocence, the exclusionary rule, protections against self-incrimination, the right to trial by jury and protection against being tried twice for the same offense (double jeopardy) are absent in:

A)English criminal justice
B)French criminal justice
C)Chinese criminal justice
D)Germany criminal justice

Question 18

What are the "courts of general jurisdiction for serious crimes in England," called?

A)Crown courts
B)King's courts
C)Magistrates courts
D)Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

Question 19

Which of the following is not one of the three types of courts that exist in Germany's judicial system?

A)Ordinary courts
B)Specialized courts
C)Master courts
D)Constitutional courts

Question 20

The longest running and most permanent supranational court is the:

A)International Court of Justice
B)European Court of Human Rights
C)International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia
D)International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

Question 21

Legal education in France and Germany are both a product of the legal culture and a major influence on the development of the legal profession.

Question 22

Judges in China are highly educated and receive extensive legal training.

Question 23

Courts of General Jurisdiction in Saudi Arabia are called _______________.

Question 24

In Germany, the judicial system consists of three types of courts: ordinary, specialized and constitutional.

Question 25

Unlike Common Law countries, Chinese judges are unable to make law.

Question 26

Courts of Limited Jurisdiction in Japan are called _______________.

Question 27

__________ refers to fundamental norms that are recognized on the international level as having status superior to other norms.

Question 28

In England, there are two types of magistrates: ______________, who are attorneys by trade and are paid by the state for their work and ____________, who are appointed to serve as volunteer judges.

Question 29

The need for considerable legal experience is not necessary in Civil Law countries or Islamic Law countries, because judges are not asked to interpret law, but only to apply the law.

Question 30

Saudi lawyers who practice in court must be __________ Muslims.

Question 31

__________________, also called grassroots committees, are one of the three informal social control mechanisms implemented throughout China and the only one under the control of the formal court system.

Question 32

________________________ are courts that are authorized by law to hear the final appeal on legal matters.

Question 33

The distinction between political and bureaucratic arrangements is always clear cut.

Question 34

The third method of judge selection involves citizen elections, and it is when individuals decide on their own to become judges either during or immediately after legal training.

Question 35

To assist nations around the world with the proper development of lawyers, the United Nations has developed the UN principles on the role of lawyers.

Question 36

International ___________ are generally temporary bodies that are organized to judge persons for their behavior during a specific time for a specific event.

Question 37

In 2010, a major reform in the French courts occurred with the reform of the Constitutional Council, which prior to that time did not hear cases, but only decided on the constitutionality of laws at the request of government officials.

Question 38

Among our model systems, Germany, France and Japan display the greatest degree of bureaucratic organization of the personnel of the justice system.

Question 39

________________ systems are based on non-rational factors such as appointment by political leaders and election by the people.

Question 40

The Court of Last Resort in China is the ____________________.

Question 41

Explain in detail the distinctions between the four categories of legal professionals in developed societies.

Question 42

Explain the three primary methods of how judges are employed.

Question 43

Explain the four general types or levels of courts found in our model countries and for each court give an example from our model countries.

Question 44

In Saudi Arabia, significant training and study of Islamic Law is not required in order to be a judge.

Question 45

Discuss the legal education and training for lawyers in our model countries.

Question 46

Discuss the importance of judicial independence and judicial impartiality.

Question 47

The longest running and most permanent supranational court is the International Criminal Court.

Question 48

Discuss the reasons that have been presented by the UN human rights expert in support of the International Criminal Court.Also, discuss the opposition to the creation of such a court.

Question 49

In Saudi Arabia, The Board of Grievances, much like the French Council of State, hears cases involving government rulings and actions including relations of foreign business to the Saudi government.

Question 50

The European Court of Human Rights allows individuals, groups of individuals, or nongovernmental organizations to bring complaints against a European state to a judicial body after they have been denied relief in their national courts.

Question 51

Japan has many quasi-lawyers, who perform the functions that in the United States would be performed by lawyers, such as doing legal research, advising on tax problems and dealing with inheritances.

Question 52

Discuss the challenges facing the Supranational Courts.