Deck 7: Immunology

Question 1

Which of the following classes of antibodies is involved in allergic reactions?

A) Immunoglobulin (Ig) E
B) IgM
C) IgA
D) IgG

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Immunoglobulins produced specifically to destroy foreign invaders are called ____________________.

Answer 2

antibodies

Question 3

The preferred sample for pregnancy testing is obtained as a:

A) random sample.
B) first morning sample.
C) 24-hour sample.
D) catheterized specimen.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Pregnancy testing is based upon detection of:

A) follicle-stimulating hormone.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
D) TSH.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding HIV testing is not true?

A) Blood or oral testing should be performed 3 months after a risk event.
B) Risk events include oral sex with multiple partners, a diagnosis of tuberculosis, and illegal injected drugs or steroids.
C) If HIV infection is detected early, it may be controlled with medication to halt the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and reduce the possibility of infecting others.
D) There is now a cure for HIV infection if detected early.
E) Patients who test positive for HIV should have access to counseling.

Question 6

About ____% of North Americans are Rh positive, and ____% are Rh negative.

A) 85; 15
B) 15; 85
C) 5; 95
D) 95; 5

Question 7

Which of the following pairs is correct regarding the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis?

A) Hematologic findings = reactive atypical lymphocytes increased under the microscope
B) Serologic findings = heterophile antibodies present in the serum
C) Clinical findings = fatigue, fever, swollen glands, sore throat, headache
D) All of the pairs above are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following nonspecific immunity mechanisms involves the process of certain cells engulfing and destroying microorganisms and cellular debris?

A) Inflammation
B) Intact skin and mucous membranes
C) Normal flora
D) Phagocytosis

Question 9

The ABO blood type of the universal donor is:

A) O.
B) A.
C) B.
D) AB.

Question 10

HCG is produced by the developing placenta during pregnancy, with the levels peaking:

A) between 5 and 8 days after conception.
B) between 10 and 30 days of pregnancy.
C) between 50 and 80 days of pregnancy.
D) on the day of delivery.

Question 11

HIV attacks and destroys which element in the immune system?

A) The neutrophils
B) The monocytes
C) The B lymphocytes
D) The T lymphocytes
E) The NK cells

Question 12

Which of the following provides long-term protection against future infections due to the production of antibodies that were formed naturally during an infection or artificially by vaccination?

A) Passive immunity
B) Cell-mediated immunity
C) Active immunity
D) Nonspecific immunity

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false?

A) No antigens of the ABO system are present on cells of group O individuals.
B) Type A blood contains anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
C) An Rh (D)-negative person should be transfused with Rh-positive blood.
D) An Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive fetus may cause hemolytic problems in the fetus.

Question 14

Which of the following is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis?

A) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
B) Variola major
C) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
D) Cytomegalovirus

Question 15

The age group in which symptoms of EBV are most often displayed is:

A) under 5.
B) 15 to 25.
C) 40 to 50.
D) 50 and over.

Question 16

______________ is an overall reaction of the body to tissue injury or invasion by an infectious agent, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding Helicobacter pylori and ulcers is false?

A) Helicobacter pylori is believed to be the cause of all ulcers.
B) Spicy foods may irritate the ulcerous tissue.
C) As the mucous layer breaks down, the acid and the bacteria cause an ulcer.
D) Treatment includes antibiotics and acid-reducing medications.
E) Helicobacter pylori weakens the mucous lining of the stomach and duodenum.

Question 18

Transmission of the EBV causing infectious mononucleosis is primarily by:

A) direct contact.
B) injection.
C) aspiration.
D) vector.

Question 19

Which of the following lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells with the subsequent production of antibodies (humoral immunity)?

A) T cells
B) Natural killer (NK) cells
C) B cells
D) T helper cells

Question 20

Most cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn can be prevented by administering ____ to the Rh-negative mother.

A) red blood cells
B) gamma globulin
C) RhoGAM
D) hemoglobins

Question 21

______________ are proteins secreted by infected cells to prevent the further replication and spread of an infection into neighboring cells.

Question 22

_____________ are cells capable of engulfing and ingesting microorganisms and cellular debris.

Question 23

Substances that are perceived as foreign to the body and elicit an antibody response are ____________________.

Question 24

Destructive tissue diseases caused by antibody/self-antigen reactions are referred to as ____________________.

Question 25

Substances within the body that induce the production of antibodies that attack an individual's own body tissues are ____________________.

Question 26

Nonpathogenic microorganisms that normally inhabit the skin and mucous membranes are called ____________________.

Question 27

Test performed within a living host or organism (e.g., TB skin test) is referred to as ____________________.

Question 28

The branch of laboratory medicine that performs antibody/antigen testing with serum is ____________________.

Question 29

_______________ are a special type of lymphocyte that attacks and destroys infected cells and cancer cells in a nonspecific way.