Deck 6: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Question 1

Compared to previous generations, children today are

A) shorter and heavier.
B) shorter and leaner.
C) taller and heavier.
D) taller and leaner.

Answer 1

taller and heavier.

Question 2

How do boys and girls compare in height and weight at age 11?

A) Boys are taller and heavier than girls.
B) Boys are taller but girls are heavier.
C) Girls are taller and heavier than boys.
D) They are the same height and weight.

Answer 2

Girls are taller and heavier than boys.

Question 3

When a six-year-old wears glasses, which of the following is likeliest to be true?

A) Her vision problem is unrelated to growth.
B) Her vision problem was discovered by her first-grade teacher.
C) She's apt to be the only one in her class of 30 children to wear glasses.
D) She's more likely to be from a low- than high-income family.

Answer 3

Her vision problem was discovered by her first-grade teacher.

Question 4

The major factor in the increase in childhood obesity is

A) physical inactivity.
B) genetic predisposition.
C) poorly run school lunch programs.
D) the availability of school vending machines.

Question 5

When he was younger, 6-year-old Mark had trouble hiding his disappointment when he failed to get exactly what he wanted, so he constantly threw temper tantrums. The fact that he can now control his emotions better is primarily due to an increase of gray matter in which brain lobes?

A) Frontal
B) Occipital
C) Parietal
D) Temporal

Question 6

Which of the following correctly describes the pattern of growth of gray and white matter in early childhood?

A) Both types of matter show an inverted-U shape.
B) Both types of matter increase linearly.
C) The gray matter increases linearly, but the white matter follows an inverted-U shape.
D) The white matter increases linearly, but the gray matter follows an inverted-U shape.

Question 7

One difference in boys' and girls' brains during middle childhood is that

A) boys experience greater development in neural networks involved in spatial-visual discrimination.
B) boys experience greater development in neural networks involved in both fine and gross motor movements.
C) girls experience greater development in neural networks involved in gross motor movements.
D) girls' brains are 10 percent larger.

Question 8

In a longitudinal study (Shaw and colleagues, 2006) that charted brain development in children with average, high, and superior IQ scores, researchers found that

A) children with superior IQ scores already had thicker cortices than the children in the other groups by age 7.
B) children with superior IQ scores showed a rapid increase in gray matter that continued throughout adolescence.
C) children with average IQ scores showed the least decline in gray matter during adolescence.
D) the difference in growth patterns of gray matter for the three groups was most pronounced in the temporal regions.

Question 9

Girls are more likely to have the subtype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that is characterized by high levels of

A) cognitive disability and low levels of hyperactivity and externalizing behavior.
B) externalizing behavior and low levels of cognitive disability and externalizing behavior.
C) hyperactivity and low levels of cognitive disability and externalizing behavior.
D) cognitive disability, externalizing behavior, and hyperactivity.

Question 10

What percentage of elementary schools include physical education in their daily curriculum?

A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 32

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the amount of physical activity school-age children receive in school?

A) It is almost double the minimum amount that experts recommend.
B) It is just about equal to the minimum amount that experts recommend.
C) It is about half the minimum amount that experts recommend.
D) It is less than one-fourth the minimum amount that experts recommend.

Question 12

The Murphy twins just signed up for the two most popular youth sports. Jeff will be playing____ , and his sister Pamela will be playing .

A) baseball; volleyball
B) basketball; soccer
C) soccer; baseball
D) volleyball; basketball

Question 13

Of children in the 5-11 age group, what percentage suffers from asthma?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 10

Question 14

Nine-year-old Hannah has the type of allergy that is most common in middle childhood. She found out that she was allergic the first time she

A) ate a peanut butter sandwich.
B) went on a hay ride in camp.
C) was given an iodine-based medicine.
D) wore a wool sweater.

Question 15

The recognition that one group can be part of a larger group defines

A) classification.
B) class inclusion.
C) seriation.
D) transitive inference.

Question 16

The comparison of two sets of relationships to each other underlies which logical ability?

A) Classification
B) Class inclusion
C) Seriation
D) Transitive inference

Question 17

To master transitive inference, a child must already understand

A) seriation.
B) conservation.
C) reversibility.
D) classification.

Question 18

Information, such as the names of people, places, or things, is contained in a person's_____Memory.

A) declarative
B) procedural
C) verbatim
D) gist

Question 19

The average score on the Stanford-Binet IQ test is____ and the standard deviation is______

A) 50; 5
B) 50; 10
C) 100; 15
D) 100; 20

Question 20

Results of the English and Romanian Adoptees Study seem to reveal that

A) environment has very little effect on the intelligence of infants.
B) it's better to adopt an older child from a deprived environment than a younger one.
C) although younger and older adoptees were impacted equally, the environmental effects was more noticeable in older children.
D) early severe deprivation can have long-term effects on children's intelligence.

Question 21

Children are likely to be identified as mentally retarded if their IQ scores are below the cutoff point of

A) 60 or 65
B) 70 or 75
C) 80 or 85
D) 90 or 95

Question 22

Most children entering the second grade have a root word vocabulary of approximately how many words?

A) 4,000
B) 5,000
C) 6,000
D) 7,000

Question 23

Most children entering the fifth grade have nearly how many words in their root word vocabularies?

A) 8,500
B) 9,500
C) 10,500
D) 12,500