Deck 7: Culture and Social Behavior

Question 1

When Silvio's mother leaves the room and he is alone with a stranger, Silvio does not seem to get too upset. When his mother returns, the boy looks at her but continues his play. Silvio's behavior is indicative of which attachment style?

A) secure
B) anxious
C) anxious-resistant
D) anxious-avoidant

Answer 1

anxious-avoidant

Question 2

Researchers offer various explanations for cultural differences in attachment patterns, many of them on different levels of the ecological system. Which of the following statements represents a macro level explanation?

A) German parents are relatively unresponsive to children's crying.
B) In Israel, kibbutzim children are raised communally.
C) Children have inborn, unique temperaments.
D) Wet nursing is taboo in Zimbabwe.

Answer 2

Wet nursing is taboo in Zimbabwe.

Question 3

Corsaro and Eder propose several themes that characterize peer culture in childhood. Chapter 8 discusses how play and games sometimes reflect these themes. Which of the following games does NOT reflect one of the three themes?

A) building a sand castle by oneself
B) playing cops and robbers
C) playing "frogs" with other children in the village
D) playing soccer on an organized team

Answer 3

building a sand castle by oneself

Question 4

The "strange situation test" is used to measure

A) aggression.
B) infant attachment.
C) moral reasoning.
D) preferences in play.

Question 5

While moral reasoning in Western cultures is predominantly guided by a justice orientation, many other cultures prefer a caring orientation. Which of the following represents a caring morality?

A) "It is wrong to steal."
B) "He stole from his company and the law requires him to be punished."
C) "Everyone who steals deserves to be punished, because if everyone did it, the world would be in chaos. One would expect a good father to be a role model for his children."
D) "A thief is a bad role model."

Question 6

Durbin et al. (1993) found that adolescents with authoritative parents tended to choose which of the following types of peer groups?

A) peers groups composed of people a few years older than themselves
B) peer groups that conform to the norms their parents value
C) peer groups that do NOT endorse the values of their parents
D) adolescents with authoritative parents tend to be too independent to choose peer groups

Question 7

Adolescents' prosocial and antisocial behavior are influenced by many factors. According to the text, which of the following has been described as a strong predictor of adolescent social behavior?

A) academic performance
B) parent and peer role models
C) self-esteem
D) genetic influences

Question 8

Francois has tried to get vacation time approved but his request has been denied twice. On one occasion, he missed a deadline. The second time, he forgot to inform his immediate supervisor about the request. The work values in Francois' company would likely be classified by Hofstede as

A) high collectivistic.
B) high individualistic.
C) high uncertainty avoidant.
D) low uncertainty avoidant.

Question 9

At Inger's work place it is common for the president of the company to join employees for lunch in the lounge. She makes an effort to have personal conversations with all employees. With regard to work-related values, Inger's company would likely be classified as

A) high uncertainty avoidant.
B) low uncertainty avoidant.
C) high power distant.
D) low power distant.

Question 10

In research comparing the French to North Americans (Antonucci, 1990), which of the following aspects of social relationships has emerged as most conducive to well-being in later adulthood?

A) autonomy and independence
B) continued care by family members
C) reciprocal social relationships
D) high number of social relationships

Question 11

As described in the text, one of the most aggressive societies in the world is the

A) Pygmies of Africa
B) Yanomano of Brazil and Venezuela
C) Blackfoot of North America
D) Inuit of the North American Arctic

Question 12

Mei-Ling works at the Kowloon branch of the post office in Hong Kong. Her work environment would best be described as "collectivist." According to the hypothesis that leisure activities represent values that are not represented in the workplace, Mei-Ling's favorite leisure activity most likely involves

A) going to the movies with friends.
B) organizing events.
C) reading.
D) attending discussion groups.

Question 13

Which of the following countries or cultures is considered most "feminine" in terms of work culture?

A) Scandinavian countries
B) Japan
C) Austria
D) Mediterranean countries

Question 14

Twelve-month-old Miranda accompanies her mother to work at a small fabric store every day. Sometimes her mother needs to leave the store for a few minutes to fetch an item for a customer, leaving Miranda alone with the stranger. Generally, the girl is not afraid of the stranger, but eagerly runs to hug her mother when she returns. Miranda's attachment style would be classified as

A) securely attached.
B) anxious-resistant.
C) anxious-avoidant.
D) ambiguous.

Question 15

In his study of Argentinean soccer and its cultural value, Archetti (1999) drew which of the following conclusions?

A) Argentinean soccer represents the cultural values of independence from the British.
B) Argentinean soccer represents cultural values of masculinity.
C) Argentinean soccer may be viewed as an expression of solidarity with the British.
D) Argentinean soccer expresses the unity of the country.

Question 16

Discuss the "secure base" and sensitivity of the mother and how each of these affects infant attachment. For each of these concepts, provide an example from a specific culture.

Question 17

Discuss how peer groups in adolescence reflect and promote cultural values. Give examples to support your answer.

Question 18

Discuss several examples of how professional sports can reinforce cultural values in a particular society. Examples might include: Sumo in Japan, soccer in Great Britain, and football in America. Include an assessment of sports programs in secondary and college educational settings and their importance in the socialization process.