Deck 2: Measurement and Nature of Juvenile Crime

Question 1

The Uniform Crime Reports are compiled by the ________.

A) National Opinion Research Center
B) International Association of Chiefs of Police
C) Federal Bureau of Investigation
D) Bureau of Justice Statistics

Answer 1

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Question 2

Robbery, rape, auto theft, and murder are examples of ________.

A) Misdemeanors
B) Part I offenses
C) Part II offenses
D) Status offenses

Answer 2

Part I offenses

Question 3

The UCR classifies crimes into ________.

A) juvenile and status offenses
B) CIUS reports and victimization reports
C) delinquency and adult crimes
D) Part I and Part II offenses

Answer 3

Part I and Part II offenses

Question 4

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Juvenile murder rates increased substantially between 1987 and 1993.
B) Juvenile arrest rates climbed nearly 50 percent over the past ten years.
C) Drug use among juveniles has been decreasing since 1992.
D) Female crime rates dropped between 1993 and 1994.

Question 5

The UCRs does NOT provide data on which of the following categories?

A) age
B) gender
C) Social class
D) race

Question 6

Self-report studies indicate ________.

A) lower rates of victimization than other sources
B) much higher rates of youth crime than the UCR
C) very little of any statistical interest
D) that most youth crime comes to the attention of authorities

Question 7

The representatives of the Bureau of the Census collect data for the National Crime Victimization Survey by ________.

A) interviewing hospital emergency room personnel to determine the number of victims of violent crime
B) conducting classroom surveys in all higher education programs
C) interviewing all household residents twelve years of age or older in the selected sample
D) collating news reports on violent crimes across all media channels

Question 8

The National Crime Victimization Survey shows that ________.

A) older females are more likely to be victimized than any other age group
B) the centers of U.S. cities are less probable sites of violent crimes
C) those between the ages of 19 and 29 experience the highest rape victimization rates
D) Juveniles between the ages of twelve and fourteen experienced the highest rape victimization rate of any age group for all violent crimes.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is True of juvenile victimization?

A) Juveniles are more likely to be victimized than any other age group.
B) Crimes against adolescents are more likely to be reported to the police than are crimes against adults.
C) Adults are more likely than adolescents to commit violent crimes against peers.
D) African Americans are less likely than Caucasians to be victims of violence.

Question 10

Victimization surveys find that ________.

A) victimization rates are consistent among demographic groups across the United States
B) more crime is committed than is recorded
C) crimes committed and reported are more or less equal in number
D) juveniles are less likely to be victimized than any other age group

Question 11

Cohort studies revealed ________.

A) delinquents have the highest likelihood of specialization
B) there is no specialization at all
C) there is little or no specialization of offenses among delinquents
D) specialization is unlikely among status offenders

Question 12

Which of the following is True of chronic offenders?

A) They most often are minority males.
B) They contribute very little to the high rate of unemployment among urban African Americans.
C) Usually the police have never or rarely picked up these youths.
D) They only expect to engage in criminal careers for a very short time.

Question 13

Cohort studies have shown that ________.

A) whites have more serious and more frequent contact with police than African Americans
B) justice system intervention tends to lower juvenile delinquency
C) females actually have more police contacts than males
D) one of the factors predicting who became chronic offenders was offending at an early age

Question 14

According to the Philadelphia cohort study, which of the following would be accurate about the age of onset?

A) Juveniles first convicted at the earliest age consistently offended at a lower rate and for a shorter time period.
B) Juveniles first convicted at later ages consistently offended at a higher rate and for a longer time period.
C) The average number of offenses tended to decline almost uniformly as the age of onset increased.
D) The earlier the juveniles began law-violating behaviors the less likely they were to continue such behaviors.

Question 15

Cohort studies tend to show that ________.

A) delinquent careers are devoid of crime-free intervals
B) status offenders typically specialize more than delinquents
C) the later juveniles begin delinquent activity, the more likely they are to continue in crime
D) the incidence of arrest decelerates at age thirteen and is lowest at about age seventeen

Question 16

Which of the following holds that adolescents become delinquent by virtue of some personal flaw?

A) Boston Gun Project (BGP)
B) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
C) Evidence-based Rational Model (ERM)
D) Positive Youth Development (PYD)

Question 17

Which of the following is True about youth violence?

A) Youths who carried guns were more likely to live in communities with a high presence of gun ownership.
B) Youths who lived in communities with high rates of violence were less likely to carry guns so they wouldn't get blamed for the crimes.
C) Youths who carried guns were surprisingly less likely to engage in robberies than those who did not have guns.
D) Youths who carried guns were surprisingly less likely to engage in serious assaults because others would avoid them.

Question 18

Which of the following is a basic principle of Positive Youth Development (PYD)?

A) Youth developments must provide participants with an opportunity to learn without always having to be fun.
B) Youth developments must break down racial/ethnic, gender, disability, sexual orientation, and class barriers and stereotypes.
C) Youth development activities must transform outside communities, and not those in which youths live.
D) Youth developments must separate individual and community capacities.

Question 19

The national epidemic of youth violence ________.

A) began in the 1950s
B) is not directly related to the availability of guns
C) increased after the 1990s
D) peaked in the 1990s

Question 20

Which statement is True about youth violence?

A) The police have not made much of an impact in the decline of gun use by juveniles.
B) Operation Ceasefire wasn't considered an attempt to deter to gang violence.
C) The Boston Gun Project has been one of the most successful projects.
D) Sadly, youth homicides saw no decrease after implementing Operation Ceasefire.

Question 21

Uniform Crime Reports provide information on the age, sex, and race of offenders.

Question 22

Juvenile murder rates declined between 1987 and 1993.

Question 23

Non-petitioned cases may be handled informally.

Question 24

Victimization surveys indicate that significantly more crime is committed than recorded.

Question 25

Victimization surveys include information on status offenses.

Question 26

Among all age groups, juveniles are least likely to be victimized.

Question 27

Official crime statistics tend to show that the differences between African Americans and whites are greater than self-report studies indicate.

Question 28

According to the National Crime Victim Survey, juveniles between the ages of twelve and fourteen experience the highest rape victimization rate of any age group for all violent crimes.

Question 29

Several studies have found that the earlier the juveniles began law-violating behaviors the less likely they were to continue such behaviors.

Question 30

Official studies have typically found that the incidence of arrest accelerates at age thirteen.

Question 31

Evidence exists that specialization is much more typical of status offenders.

Question 32

From the perspective of PYD, adolescents are seen as self-directed, independent individuals.

Question 33

Studies show that youths who sold large amount of drugs at an early age were more likely to carry guns than those who did not sell drugs.

Question 34

The police have not played a major role in the decline of guns use by juveniles.

Question 35

Studies reveal that youths who were members of gangs had a lower probability of carrying a hidden gun than those who were not members of gangs.

Question 36

The primary source of information in the United States about crime since the 1930s are the ________ Crime Reports.

Question 37

Traditionally, the Uniform Crime Reports, collated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), were known as official ________.

Question 38

The most serious questions about self-report studies relate to their ________ and reliability.

Question 39

The National Youth ________ concluded, "There are few if any substantial and consistent differences between the delinquency involvement of different racial groups."

Question 40

Official statistics tend to show that the differences between ________ Americans and whites are greater than self-report studies indicate.

Question 41

The National ________ Victimization Survey gives policy makers a better idea of just how much crime is actually committed.

Question 42

The time when a juvenile begins law-violating behavior is referred to as the age of ________.

Question 43

An increase in the number of crimes committed by an individual is referred to as an ________ of offenses.

Question 44

Positive ________ Development is a comprehensive way of thinking about adolescents that challenges the traditional deficit-based perspective.

Question 45

Of the most important issues facing juvenile justice at the present time is the continued reduction of youth ________.

Question 46

Match each term with its description.

-Self-reported studies

A) Utilizes raw police files and other data
B) Administered by the U.S. Census Bureau
C) Used to measure hidden youth crime
D) Major source of crime information

Question 47

Match each term with its description.

-Uniform Crime Reports

A) Utilizes raw police files and other data
B) Administered by the U.S. Census Bureau
C) Used to measure hidden youth crime
D) Major source of crime information

Question 48

Match each term with its description.

-Cohort studies

A) Utilizes raw police files and other data
B) Administered by the U.S. Census Bureau
C) Used to measure hidden youth crime
D) Major source of crime information

Question 49

Match each term with its description.

-National Crime Victimization Survey

A) Utilizes raw police files and other data
B) Administered by the U.S. Census Bureau
C) Used to measure hidden youth crime
D) Major source of crime information

Question 50

Match each term with its description.

-Age of onset

A) An increase in the number of crimes by the offender
B) When juvenile begins law-violating behavior
C) The tendency to repeat one type of crime
D) The termination of delinquency

Question 51

Match each term with its description.

-Escalation of offenses

A) An increase in the number of crimes by the offender
B) When juvenile begins law-violating behavior
C) The tendency to repeat one type of crime
D) The termination of delinquency

Question 52

Match each term with its description.

-Specialization of offenses

A) An increase in the number of crimes by the offender
B) When juvenile begins law-violating behavior
C) The tendency to repeat one type of crime
D) The termination of delinquency

Question 53

Match each term with its description.

-Desistance from crime

A) An increase in the number of crimes by the offender
B) When juvenile begins law-violating behavior
C) The tendency to repeat one type of crime
D) The termination of delinquency

Question 54

Match each term with its description.

-Murder

A) An arm of the U.S. Department of Justice
B) A part II crime
C) Recommended the collection of national crime data
D) A part I crime

Question 55

Match each term with its description.

-OJJDP

A) An arm of the U.S. Department of Justice
B) A part II crime
C) Recommended the collection of national crime data
D) A part I crime

Question 56

Match each term with its description.

-Possession of stolen property

A) An arm of the U.S. Department of Justice
B) A part II crime
C) Recommended the collection of national crime data
D) A part I crime

Question 57

Match each term with its description.

-IACOP

A) An arm of the U.S. Department of Justice
B) A part II crime
C) Recommended the collection of national crime data
D) A part I crime

Question 58

Explain what the Uniform Crime Reports are.

Question 59

What is the purpose of self-report studies?

Question 60

What is the National Crime Victimization Survey?

Question 61

Suppose a victim reports a crime to the police and then later reports the same crime during a phone survey by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Which report would likely be the most accurate?

Question 62

If the government wanted to reduce youth violence and there were extra funds available for anti-violence programs, would it be more beneficial to dedicate the funding to violence against females or violence against males? Explain!