Deck 12: Treatment Technologies

Question 1

Which of the following was the accepted treatment during the first four decades of the twentieth century in working with juveniles?

A) the study of the character and mental condition of lawbreakers
B) lengthy imprisonment
C) religious education
D) fair discipline and rigorous work training

Answer 1

the study of the character and mental condition of lawbreakers

Question 2

In which of the following stages did critics argue persuasively that rehabilitation's assumptions conflict with basic human values?

A) the "numerous programs and innovations work" stage
B) the "rehabilitation is not appropriate" stage
C) the "nothing works" stage
D) the "some treatments work" stage

Answer 2

the "rehabilitation is not appropriate" stage

Question 3

What was the finding of Gendreau and Ross about the offender rehabilitation literature and the attempts to reduce delinquent behavior?

A) The number of unsuccessful attempts are consistent with the "rehabilitation is not appropriate" hypothesis.
B) The number of unsuccessful attempts contradicted the "rehabilitation is not appropriate" hypothesis.
C) The number of successful reported attempts contradicted the "nothing works" hypothesis.
D) The number of successful reported attempts are consistent with the "nothing works" hypothesis.

Answer 3

The number of successful reported attempts contradicted the "nothing works" hypothesis.

Question 4

The general mood regarding offender rehabilitation in the late 1970s and early 1980s was one of ________.

A) optimism and encouragement
B) mixture of optimism and pessimism
C) escalating interest and hope
D) pessimism and discouragement

Question 5

Which of the following assessment tools is linked to the risk and need principles, and to responsivity?

A) Juvenile Risk Assessment Tool
B) Youth Assessment and Screening Instrument
C) Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth
D) Case Management Inventory

Question 6

In which stage did Robert Martinson pronounce that "with few and isolated exceptions, the rehabilitative efforts that have been reported so far have had no appreciable effect on recidivism"?

A) the "numerous programs and innovations work" stage
B) the "rehabilitation is not appropriate" stage
C) the "nothing works" stage
D) the "some treatments work" stage

Question 7

Which treatment modality, used first in 1950s, is based on the assumption that youths could confront their peers and force them to face the reality of their behavior more effectively than staff could?

A) cognitive-behavior therapy
B) guided group interaction
C) positive peer culture
D) drug and alcohol abuse intervention

Question 8

The treatment modality in which residents receive additional privileges as they become more accepting of the institutional rules and procedures is ________.

A) role theory
B) behavior modification
C) milieu therapy
D) psychoanalysis

Question 9

A meta-analysis of sixty-nine studies covering both behavior and cognitive-behavioral problems determined that the cognitive-behavior programs are more effective ________.

A) in reducing rates of recidivism
B) when led by an authoritarian figure
C) with groups of fewer than ten juveniles
D) for all-girl groups

Question 10

Guided group interaction is characterized by ________.

A) personal empowerment
B) non-authoritarian atmosphere
C) getting youths to reflect on their earliest childhood experiences
D) giving youths rewards for positive behaviors

Question 11

An advantage of guided group interaction is that it ________.

A) offers employment for the over-abundance of trained group leaders
B) helps the rehabilitation of drug addicts
C) directs offenders toward resolutions through awareness of their problems
D) provides a comprehensive strategy for dealing with troubled youths

Question 12

The main philosophy of positive peer culture is to "turn around" the negative peer culture and to mobilize the power of the peer group in a positive way by teaching group members to ________.

A) warn others about the approach of any authorities
B) challenge one another within the group
C) be cautious about engaging with others
D) care for one another

Question 13

Which of the following is an ingredient of most successful treatment programs?

A) allows offenders to learn needed skills on their own
B) similarity to other program
C) individualized treatment as opposed to a team approach
D) involvement of the offenders in the decision-making process

Question 14

Inspired individuals dedicated to setting up a program is a key ingredient to success. As an example, ________ was able to generate enthusiasm in setting up Outward Bound (discussed in chapter 11).

A) Clifford Shaw
B) Harry Vorrath
C) Kurt Hahn
D) Sister Falaka Fattah

Question 15

According to our authors, which of the following would likely improve the quality of institutional treatment?

A) mandatory drug screening
B) more programs that ensure higher program integrity
C) stricter policies
D) shock incarceration

Question 16

What does an integrated treatment model provide?

A) the central guiding vision that unites screening, assessment, case planning, treatment, transition, and aftercare
B) programs that discourage decision making that makes participants responsible for their choices
C) components that make them different from other correctional interventions
D) The ability to make offenders okay with not accomplishing something

Question 17

Which of the following therapeutic approaches helps youths to fulfill basic needs?

A) transactional analysis
B) reality therapy
C) behavior modification
D) psychotherapy

Question 18

By definition, the "template-matching technique" ________.

A) is not applicable in juvenile corrections
B) compares the best program's characteristics with characteristics of programs that are recognized not to be very good
C) creates a set of descriptors of the kinds of people who are most likely to benefit from a particular treatment
D) provides the central guiding vision that unites screening, assessment, case planning, treatment, transition, and aftercare

Question 19

What is the expected offender response to the errors in thinking approach?

A) to gain skills to overcome substance abuse
B) to learn reality, responsible behavior, and right from wrong
C) to learn a new approach to interpersonal relationships
D) to learn responsible and pro-social behavior

Question 20

Which of the following is True about the strategies to improve effectiveness of correctional programs?

A) Improving program effectiveness requires that program designs be based on theoretical premises.
B) Subtle effects need to be measured with small sample sizes.
C) The theoretical constructs must be separated from treatments that ensure the implemented in appropriate settings.
D) Treatment personnel need to be able to work without supervision.

Question 21

Robert Martinson concluded after reviewing research studies in 1974 that rehabilitative efforts had had no appreciable effect on recidivism.

Question 22

The responsivity principle states that what is done should be based on previous research and successful programming.

Question 23

According to Lipsey and Cullen, the mean recidivism effects found in studies of rehabilitation treatment are consistently negative and relatively small.

Question 24

Programs targeting offenders who are higher risk are more effective in reducing recidivism than those that target lower risk offenders.

Question 25

It is uncommon for training schools today to employ insight-based therapy techniques.

Question 26

Cognitive-behavior therapy for offenders targets the thoughts and attitudes that are associated with antisocial behavior as well as deviant lifestyle.

Question 27

The main philosophy of guided group interaction is to construct an authoritarian atmosphere.

Question 28

The major strength of guided group interaction is its ability to circumvent the values of the delinquent peer subculture.

Question 29

Research indicates that cognitive-behavior therapy approaches have no effect on offenders.

Question 30

True randomized experiments must be conducted whenever feasible because they permit some certainty about causal relationships.

Question 31

Effective treatment programs are usually set up by an inspired individual or group.

Question 32

The treatment goal of guided group interaction is personal autonomy.

Question 33

The errors in thinking approach focuses on getting the offender to learn responsible and pro-social behavior.

Question 34

The "template matching technique"
creates a set of descriptors, or a template, of the kinds of people who are most likely to benefit from a particular treatment according to the theory or basic assumptions underlying it.

Question 35

The "nothing ________"controversy was the result of a review of literature by Robert Martinson.

Question 36

A literature review in the late 1980s by the researchers Gendreau and Ross contradicted the ________ works hypothesis.

Question 37

Three popular schemes for classifying youths in the 1960s and 1970s were based on personality, ________, and worldview.

Question 38

________ based therapies encourage residents to talk about past conflicts that cause them to express emotional problems through aggressive or antisocial behavior.

Question 39

Guided group interaction is based on the assumption that ________ would confront delinquents more effectively than staff.

Question 40

Positive peer culture is designed to turn around a negative peer culture and mobilize the power of the ________ in a positive way.

Question 41

Learning reality, responsible behavior, and the ability to distinguish right from wrong are the three expected offender responses of ________ therapy.

Question 42

Effective programs frequently involve offenders in the ________ making process.

Question 43

The treatment technology that examines individual problems in a group context and learns a new approach to interpersonal relationships is known as ________ analysis.

Question 44

Palmer suggests that effective interventions for each offender must take seriously ________ deficits, external pressures and disadvantages, and internal difficulties.

Question 45

Match each term with its description.

-Robert Martinson

A) Some Treatment Works Stage
B) Numerous Programs and Innovations Work Stage
C) Nothing Works Stage
D) Rehabilitation Is Not Appropriate Stage

Question 46

Match each term with its description.

-Paul Gendreau

A) Some Treatment Works Stage
B) Numerous Programs and Innovations Work Stage
C) Nothing Works Stage
D) Rehabilitation Is Not Appropriate Stage

Question 47

Match each term with its description.

-Mark Lipsey

A) Some Treatment Works Stage
B) Numerous Programs and Innovations Work Stage
C) Nothing Works Stage
D) Rehabilitation Is Not Appropriate Stage

Question 48

Match each term with its description.

-Psychiatrists

A) Some Treatment Works Stage
B) Numerous Programs and Innovations Work Stage
C) Nothing Works Stage
D) Rehabilitation Is Not Appropriate Stage

Question 49

Match each term with its description.

-YLS/CMI

A) 20 item assessment of psychopathic traits in male and female offenders
B) Places youths in categories of likelihood of future violent offenses
C) For the initial assessment of male juvenile sexual offenders
D) Risk principal, need principle, and responsivity
E) Useful in intervention planning and ongoing progress monitoring
F) Self-report inventory of 52 Yes/No questions for assessing mental health

Question 50

Match each term with its description.

-J-RAT

A) 20 item assessment of psychopathic traits in male and female offenders
B) Places youths in categories of likelihood of future violent offenses
C) For the initial assessment of male juvenile sexual offenders
D) Risk principal, need principle, and responsivity
E) Useful in intervention planning and ongoing progress monitoring
F) Self-report inventory of 52 Yes/No questions for assessing mental health

Question 51

Match each term with its description.

-YASI

A) 20 item assessment of psychopathic traits in male and female offenders
B) Places youths in categories of likelihood of future violent offenses
C) For the initial assessment of male juvenile sexual offenders
D) Risk principal, need principle, and responsivity
E) Useful in intervention planning and ongoing progress monitoring
F) Self-report inventory of 52 Yes/No questions for assessing mental health

Question 52

Match each term with its description.

-SAVRY

A) 20 item assessment of psychopathic traits in male and female offenders
B) Places youths in categories of likelihood of future violent offenses
C) For the initial assessment of male juvenile sexual offenders
D) Risk principal, need principle, and responsivity
E) Useful in intervention planning and ongoing progress monitoring
F) Self-report inventory of 52 Yes/No questions for assessing mental health

Question 53

Match each term with its description.

-MAY SI-2

A) 20 item assessment of psychopathic traits in male and female offenders
B) Places youths in categories of likelihood of future violent offenses
C) For the initial assessment of male juvenile sexual offenders
D) Risk principal, need principle, and responsivity
E) Useful in intervention planning and ongoing progress monitoring
F) Self-report inventory of 52 Yes/No questions for assessing mental health

Question 54

Match each term with its description.

-PCL-YV

A) 20 item assessment of psychopathic traits in male and female offenders
B) Places youths in categories of likelihood of future violent offenses
C) For the initial assessment of male juvenile sexual offenders
D) Risk principal, need principle, and responsivity
E) Useful in intervention planning and ongoing progress monitoring
F) Self-report inventory of 52 Yes/No questions for assessing mental health

Question 55

Explain the evolution in correctional treatment from the mid-twentieth century to today.

Question 56

Describe the various group programs.

Question 57

Explain the ingredients of effective aftercare programs.

Question 58

As a probation officer you need to place an offender into a treatment program and you have two to choose from. Which of the following programs would likely be the most effective?
Program

Question 59

You supervise Robert, a 16-year-old violent offender who has low self esteem from being raised in a negative home environment. You are looking for a program that examines individual problems in a group context and will help him learn a new approach to interpersonal relationships.
Question: Of the nine treatment technologies in table 12-3 in the text, which would be the best-suited approach for Robert?