Deck 14: Special Juvenile Offender Populations

Question 1

Adolescent drug use becomes abuse only when the user becomes ________.

A) self centered
B) "hooked"
C) a pusher
D) dysfunctional

Answer 1

dysfunctional

Question 2

Which of the following drugs does law forbid for everyone in the United States?

A) illicit drugs
B) alcohol
C) tobacco
D) licit drugs

Answer 2

illicit drugs

Question 3

Which of the following is the MOST True about alcohol use among American adolescents?

A) It is increasing for the offenders more than the non-offenders.
B) It is continuing to rise for all American adolescents.
C) It is increasing for the poor more so than for the rich.
D) It is increasing for the rich more than the poor.

Answer 3

It is continuing to rise for all American adolescents.

Question 4

According to the National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth, approximately how much of the sexual offenses against children are committed by teenagers?

A) two-thirds
B) one-fourth
C) one-third
D) one-half

Question 5

According to Veneziano, what percent of juvenile sex offenders have been sexually abused?

A) 20-55 percent
B) 75-90 percent
C) 50-60 percent
D) 40-70 percent

Question 6

Why do adult gangs use the juvenile gang members to commit violent crimes?

A) because they don't drive and can't handle other responsibilities, such as errand running
B) because they need a responsibility since they are too young to carry weapons
C) because they need a responsibility since they are too young to deal in drugs at "rock houses"
D) because juveniles are likely to be treated less harsh than the adults in the criminal justice system

Question 7

Which of the following is True of juvenile females?

A) In emerging gangs, they are empowered and only perform tasks they choose.
B) Most females in urban communities either join female gangs or a satellite to a female gang.
C) It appears that they are likely to continue their adult involvement, as they become adults.
D) Child rearing tends to increase the attractiveness of gang behaviors.

Question 8

In the 1990s, why did several scholars predict that juvenile crime would rise to new heights by 2010?

A) because of the influx of criminals from other countries
B) because of the legalization of some drugs
C) because of their predictions of the recruitment of young people into the market to sell crack cocaine
D) because of the growing trend of teenage pregnancies

Question 9

Which of the following is one of the reasons offered by experts to explain school shootings?

A) too much violence on television
B) stresses caused by high aspirations and low achievements
C) no guns being carried in schools by teachers and staff
D) too weak of a superego

Question 10

According to studies by Hammond, what percent of youths in the justice system have a mental disorder?

A) 45
B) 70
C) 80
D) 25

Question 11

Which of the following is the most accurate statement?

A) Juveniles that may pose a threat to others are placed solely in therapeutic detention.
B) Juveniles that may pose a threat to others are placed solely in preventive detention
C) Juveniles that may pose a threat to others can be placed in therapeutic or preventive detention.
D) Juveniles that may pose a threat to others are placed solely in retentive detention.

Question 12

What did Desai and colleagues find out about the studies on medications used in juvenile facilities?

A) that no psychotropic medications are used in small facilities
B) that there aren't many studies on this subject
C) that there are numerous studies on this subject
D) that it is uncommon for medications to be used

Question 13

Which of the following best defines crossover juveniles?

A) youth who are known to both the child welfare and the juvenile justice systems
B) youth who are known to both the adult and the juvenile justice systems
C) youth who are known to both the child welfare and the adult justice systems
D) youth who are known to both the adult welfare and the juvenile court systems

Question 14

According to Ryan and Herz, about how many youths entered the justice system in Los Angeles from 2002 -2005?

A) 59,009
B) 69,009
C) 79,009
D) 49,009

Question 15

According to Weimann, who are more likely to be affected by homelessness, poverty, compromised health, unemployment, and incarcerations after they leave foster care?

A) training school youth
B) foster care youth
C) sexually abused youth
D) home schooled youth

Question 16

In reference to crossover youths, at what point is Adam's practical model supposed to start?

A) right after intake
B) right before the treatment plan is established
C) right after a sentence has been completed and the offender is released
D) right when a youth has crossed over from one process to the other processes

Question 17

According to the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, a youth is considered homeless if he or she ________.

A) is a runaway
B) sleeps outdoors
C) at least one parent is homeless
D) lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence

Question 18

What is considered one of the most disruptive events that can happen to an adolescent's life?

A) a death in the family
B) moving to a new community during the teenage years
C) homelessness
D) depression

Question 19

What did Toro, Dworsky, and Fowler (2007) find out about youth homelessness?

A) that their offenses are generally violent, but not recurring
B) that youthful offenders are likely to experience homelessness disproportionately
C) that youthful offenders experience homelessness equally
D) that homeless youth are not likely to have contact with the juvenile justice system for offenses such as panhandling

Question 20

Opening Doors: Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Homelessness sets the goal of ending homelessness for youth ________.

A) in 10 years
B) in 40 years
C) in 30 years
D) in 20 years

Question 21

Drug use among adolescents has dropped from the 1970s through today.

Question 22

Methamphetamine is ingested by smoking, injecting, or snorting it.

Question 23

The Kandel model suggests that alcohol use follows participation in minor delinquency and exposure to friends and parents who drink.

Question 24

Juvenile sex offenders are defined as adolescents ranging from ages eight to seventeen who take part in sexual behaviors that are considered illegal according to the law.

Question 25

According to C. Veneziano, juvenile sex offenders take part in all sexual acts.

Question 26

Studies reveal that juveniles make up the majority of the membership of adult gangs.

Question 27

Gangs avoid using the younger members to deal crack cocaine.

Question 28

Scholars claim that today's bad boys are far worse than yesterday and tomorrow will be far worse than today.

Question 29

Cook and Laub are among those arguing that a more limited availability of guns to juveniles has been one of the major factors that has continued to depress rather than escalate juvenile homicides in United States.

Question 30

Desai and colleague claim that 95 percent of youths in the juvenile justice system have a diagnosable psychiatric or substance abuse disorder.

Question 31

Detention facilities are not expected to perform a health screening on all juveniles that come in.

Question 32

According to Perin, there is really only one established definition that concerns crossover juveniles.

Question 33

Crossover youth are on average six months younger than non-crossover youth in the delinquency system.

Question 34

A child living in a car would not be considered homeless.

Question 35

The homeless potentially represent one of the most high risk groups.

Question 36

Special offense youths are youthful offenders who have substance abuse histories, the juvenile sex offender, the juvenile gang youth, and the youthful ________ offenders.

Question 37

According to the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an estimated 22.6 million adolescents ages twelve or older were current ________ drug users.

Question 38

Adolescents who have been convicted of being ________ offenders are more likely to have offended someone their own age or younger.

Question 39

Much juvenile sexual behavior is ________ in the confines of family, community, and school and remains hidden.

Question 40

The juvenile females in an ________ gang generally go along with the males, performing whatever tasks they are delegated to do.

Question 41

In some training schools, especially in the southwest, gangs control the peer culture and make it very difficult for staff to generate a ________ peer culture.

Question 42

Approximately 300 ________ are killed each year by their children.

Question 43

According to Heide's research, the severely ________ child is the most frequently encountered type of offender.

Question 44

Special needs youths are youths with chronic ________ health issues.

Question 45

The two different types of detention centers according to Desai and colleagues are ________ detention and therapeutic detention.

Question 46

According to Weimann, ________ care youths are more likely to be effected by homelessness, poverty, compromised health, unemployment, and incarcerations after they leave foster care.

Question 47

Oberst claims that a third of former foster care youth and a half of ________ youth experience extreme poverty in adulthood.

Question 48

A study found that lack of peer support, depression, and substance-abuse predict trauma-related ________ among runaway youth.

Question 49

Special population residents are the crossover youth and the ________ youth.

Question 50

Match each term with its description.

-9.5%

A) Past-month drug users in the 8th grade in 2010
B) Past-month drug users in the 10th grade in 2010
C) Past-month drug users in the 12th grade in 2010

Question 51

Match each term with its description.

-18.5%

A) Past-month drug users in the 8th grade in 2011
B) Past-month drug users in the 10th grade in 2011
C) Past-month drug users in the 12th grade in 2011

Question 52

Match each term with its description.

-23.8%

A) Past-month drug users in the 8th grade in 2012
B) Past-month drug users in the 10th grade in 2012
C) Past-month drug users in the 12th grade in 2012

Question 53

Match each term with its description.

-Alcohol

A) A licit drug that is considered a serious social problem
B) Club drug that can be ingested, smoked, or snorted
C) Highly addictive stimulant that can be injected, smoked, or snorted
D) Most frequently used illicit drug

Question 54

Match each term with its description.

-Ecstasy

A) A licit drug that is considered a serious social problem
B) Club drug that can be ingested, smoked, or snorted
C) Highly addictive stimulant that can be injected, smoked, or snorted
D) Most frequently used illicit drug

Question 55

Match each term with its description.

-Meth

A) A licit drug that is considered a serious social problem
B) Club drug that can be ingested, smoked, or snorted
C) Highly addictive stimulant that can be injected, smoked, or snorted
D) Most frequently used illicit drug

Question 56

Match each term with its description.

-Marijuana

A) A licit drug that is considered a serious social problem
B) Club drug that can be ingested, smoked, or snorted
C) Highly addictive stimulant that can be injected, smoked, or snorted
D) Most frequently used illicit drug

Question 57

Match each term with its description.

-Goldstein

A) Claims the exact number of crossover juveniles is unknown
B) Claims ½ of crossover youths experience extreme poverty in adulthood
C) Claims there are 3 established definitions concerning crossover juveniles
D) Claims foster care youths are likely to be effected by homelessness

Question 58

Match each term with its description.

-Oberst

A) Claims the exact number of crossover juveniles is unknown
B) Claims ½ of crossover youths experience extreme poverty in adulthood
C) Claims there are 3 established definitions concerning crossover juveniles
D) Claims foster care youths are likely to be effected by homelessness

Question 59

Match each term with its description.

-Welman

A) Claims the exact number of crossover juveniles is unknown
B) Claims ½ of crossover youths experience extreme poverty in adulthood
C) Claims there are 3 established definitions concerning crossover juveniles
D) Claims foster care youths are likely to be effected by homelessness

Question 60

Match each term with its description.

-Perin

A) Claims the exact number of crossover juveniles is unknown
B) Claims ½ of crossover youths experience extreme poverty in adulthood
C) Claims there are 3 established definitions concerning crossover juveniles
D) Claims foster care youths are likely to be effected by homelessness

Question 61

What are the findings that explain the onset and continuing use of illicit drugs.

Question 62

Describe the four types of violent offenders.

Question 63

Explain the arguments for and against therapeutic centers.

Question 64

Based on research of the last three decades, what would likely occur if there were to be more limited gun availability for juveniles in the future? Would crime rates by juveniles remain the same, or would they decrease?

Question 65

You are a new member of the Governor's Committee of Youth and Family and your committee is tasked with justifying the state spending that is dedicated to improving youth and family issues. You find that there are three times more public service dollars spent on crossover youth than what is spent on youth in the foster care system alone. One of your committee members suggests dedicating even more funding on crossover youths and explains her reasoning. What would be a justification for spending more funding on crossover youths?