Deck 14: Physical Development in Adolescence

Question 1

The most significant event in physical growth during adolescence is __________.

A) the emergence of wisdom teeth
B) a less chubby and roundish shape
C) rapid height and weight gain
D) puberty

Answer 1

puberty

Question 2

At the sixth-grade dance, Angelina was taller than the other girls and literally towered over the boys. Although she was anxious that she would always be the tallest, her mother told her not to worry because __________.

A) taller girls have an easier adolescence
B) boys' growth spurt begins about 2 years after the girls' growth spurt begins
C) her mother is not the tallest, so she can't be the tallest
D) society promotes the idea of girls being taller than boys

Answer 2

boys' growth spurt begins about 2 years after the girls' growth spurt begins

Question 3

Menstruation begins earlier in many different parts of the world. Which of the following have been linked to earlier menstruation?

A) poverty
B) higher proportion of fat to muscle
C) poor nutrition
D) air pollution

Answer 3

poor nutrition

Question 4

Grandma couldn't believe how much Andy had changed since she had last seen him. He now had facial hair and his voice had deepened. Grandma is noticing Andy's __________.

A) primary sex characteristics
B) secondary sex characteristics
C) adolescent growth spurt
D) secular trend

Question 5

Tessa has developed an eating disorder in which she constantly binges and purges. Tessa suffers from __________.

A) binge eating disorder
B) anorexia nervosa
C) bulimia
D) obesity

Question 6

Long-term exposure to stress produces negative physical effects and may also lead to __________ disorders.

A) impulse
B) psychosomatic
C) psychosocial
D) anxiety

Question 7

Willard has been feeling pressure from his participation on the varsity wrestling team. He deals with the stress from his participation by focusing on the positive benefits of the experience. By regulating his feelings, Willard is using __________ to cope with his stress.

A) emotion-focused coping
B) problem-focused coping
C) social support
D) defensive coping

Question 8

In a survey of college students, almost half of the men and close to 40 percent of the women reported that they had engaged in drinking four or five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting in the previous two weeks. This type of alcohol use is known as __________.

A) social drinking
B) dripping
C) binge drinking
D) vaping

Question 9

One of the newest trends in smoking is the use of __________.

A) nicotine-free cigarettes
B) smoke-free cigarettes
C) e-cigarettes
D) tobacco-free cigarettes

Question 10

One in four adolescents contracts an STI before graduating from high school. The most common STI is __________.

A) syphilis
B) HPV
C) chlamydia
D) gonorrhea

Question 11

The developmental stage that begins and ends imprecisely and lies between childhood and adulthood is known as __________.

A) middle childhood
B) late childhood
C) adolescence
D) early adulthood

Question 12

Eleven-year-old Maria had always been about the same size as her 9-year-old brother Domingo, until recently. Maria is now almost 2 inches taller than her brother and she has also noticed she has gained some weight. Maria is most likely going through __________.

A) menarche
B) an adolescent growth spurt
C) a secular trend
D) spermarche

Question 13

On average, boys grow __________ a year and girls grow __________ a year during the adolescent growth spurt.

A) 3.5 inches; 4.1 inches
B) 3.5 inches; 3.5 inches
C) 4.1 inches; 3.5 inches
D) 4.1 inches; 4.1 inches

Question 14

Puberty begins when the pituitary gland in the brain signals other glands in children's bodies to begin producing the sex hormones-__________ in males and __________ in females-at adult levels.

A) androgens; estrogens
B) estrogens; androgens
C) testosterone; androgens
D) estrogens; testosterone

Question 15

While 13 years old, Brian was on vacation with his parents and noticed that he had some hair under his arms. Brian is experiencing a change in his body due to __________.

A) puberty
B) spermarche
C) menarche
D) the adolescent growth spurt

Question 16

Which of the following is included in the HPG axis?

A) thalamus
B) prefrontal cortex
C) hypothalamus
D) corpus callosum

Question 17

The most significant event during adolescence is the onset of puberty, which begins for most girls at around ages __________ and for most boys at around ages ___________.

A) 8 or 9; 10 or 11
B) 11 or 12; 13 or 14
C) 13 or 14; 11 or 12
D) 14 or 15; 12 or 13

Question 18

Compared to the past, girls in the United States experience __________ at a younger age, most likely because of better nutrition and overall health.

A) adolescence
B) puberty
C) growth spurts
D) menarche

Question 19

North American girls experience menarche at about the age of __________.

A) 8 or 9 years
B) 10 or 11 years
C) 11 or 12 years
D) 14 or 15 years

Question 20

The earlier start of puberty is an example of a significant ___________, a statistical tendency observed over several generations.

A) event
B) growth spurt
C) secular trend
D) milestone

Question 21

Rudy is a 16-year-old that likes to brag about his recent development of underarm hair. He says that he is a man now and that he is an adult. Rudy's development of underarm hair is an example of a(n) __________.

A) adolescent growth spurt
B) primary sex characteristic
C) secondary sex characteristic
D) secular trend

Question 22

The first spontaneous ejaculation is known as __________.

A) menarche
B) spermarche
C) puberty
D) the onset of menstruation

Question 23

On average, boys' pubic hair begins to grow around age __________.

A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 14

Question 24

Fourteen-year-old Lila has been spending at least two hours a day in the bathroom grooming and gazing at herself in the mirror. Lila's behavior is an example of a(n) __________.

A) medical problem known as psychosomatic disorder
B) normal reaction to physical changes in adolescence
C) abnormal reaction to physical changes in adolescence
D) adolescent with a poor self-image

Question 25

Early maturation can lead to __________ in boys.

A) increased popularity
B) lower self-esteem
C) embarrassment
D) weight loss

Question 26

Which of the following are likely to have the most positive self-images in adolescence?

A) early maturing boys and girls
B) late maturing boys and girls
C) early maturing boys and late maturing girls
D) late maturing boys and early maturing girls

Question 27

Stephen and Clint have been friends since they were toddlers because their mothers were friends. Both boys have always had similar interests and had about the same body size. The boys are now 15 and Clint is 5 feet tall, but Stephen has shot up in height to 5 foot 10 inches. Because of his rapid growth in height, Stephen probably has a better __________ than Clint.

A) attitude
B) demeanor
C) self-concept
D) self-esteem

Question 28

Clifton is a sophomore who is a starter for his high school varsity football team and is larger than most of the other boys in his class. Clifton was probably a __________.

A) late maturing adolescent
B) early maturing adolescent
C) normally maturing adolescent
D) natural athlete

Question 29

__________ girls tend to endure more ridicule than their __________ classmates.

A) Early maturing; less mature
B) Late maturing; more mature
C) Normally maturing; less mature
D) Normally maturing; more mature

Question 30

Thirteen-year-old Charles has developed rapidly and is much taller than any of the other boys his age at his school. Charles is more likely to become involved in __________ because his larger size makes it more likely that he will seek out the company of older boys.

A) musically inclined activities
B) athletics
C) delinquency and substance abuse
D) after school activities

Question 31

Fifteen-year-old Blake is small for his age. Because of his smaller size, he is at a disadvantage when it comes to sports activities, and because of the social convention that boys should be taller than their dates, his social life has begun to suffer. The difficulties Blake is experiencing due to his late maturation may lead to a decline in his __________.

A) gender identity
B) self-concept
C) assertiveness
D) insightfulness

Question 32

During adolescence, the average girl requires approximately __________ calories per day, and the average boy requires approximately __________ calories per day.

A) 2,200; 2,800
B) 3,200; 2,000
C) 2,800; 2,200
D) 2,500; 3,500

Question 33

Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychological disorder; some __________ to __________ percent of its victims literally starve themselves to death.

A) 5; 10
B) 10; 15
C) 15; 20
D) 20; 25

Question 34

__________ is characterized by eating a large quantity of food, often very quickly and often to the point of discomfort. There is no purging following the eating, but individuals experience a loss of control and shame.

A) Bulimia
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Binge-eating disorder
D) Obesity

Question 35

Luke, a 17-year-old, has been diagnosed with an eating disorder. He has troubled body image and has refused to eat more than 500 calories per day. Luke likely suffers from __________.

A) bulimia
B) anorexia nervosa
C) binge eating disorder
D) obesity

Question 36

Skyler is a sophomore in high school. Recently, she has been eating large quantities of food and then intentionally vomiting to rid herself of the food. Skyler suffers from __________.

A) bulimia
B) anorexia nervosa
C) binge eating disorder
D) obesity

Question 37

One specific area of the brain that undergoes considerable development throughout adolescence is the ___________, which is not fully developed until the early 20s.

A) cerebellum
B) frontal lobe
C) prefrontal cortex
D) brain stem

Question 38

During adolescence, the __________ is biologically immature and its ability to inhibit impulses is not fully developed, which leads to some of the risky and impulsive behaviors that are characteristic of adolescence.

A) cerebellum
B) prefrontal cortex
C) frontal lobe
D) brain stem

Question 39

Marty discovered that even though he had an early morning class, he just couldn't seem to get to sleep before midnight. Marty's late nights may be due to __________.

A) shift in his internal clock
B) eating later in the day
C) social obligations at night
D) sleep deprivation

Question 40

The response to events that threaten or challenge us is known as __________.

A) coping
B) chronic stressors
C) stress
D) acute stressors

Question 41

Events and circumstances that produce threats to our well-being are known as __________.

A) coping
B) stress
C) diseases
D) stressors

Question 42

__________ stressors are sudden, one-time events, whereas __________ stressors are long-term, continuing events.

A) Chronic; psychosomatic
B) Acute; psychosomatic
C) Chronic; acute
D) Acute; chronic

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of an acute stressor?

A) child care responsibilities
B) job responsibilities
C) death of a loved one
D) rush-hour traffic

Question 44

Long-term, continuous exposure to stressors may result in a reduction of the body's ability to deal with ___________. As a consequence, people become more susceptible to diseases as their ability to fight off germs declines.

A) illness
B) sadness
C) stress
D) depression

Question 45

Noriko's mother began noticing that during the latter part of her senior year in high school Noriko was often complaining of backaches, headaches, indigestion, and insomnia and had already been sick several times throughout the past two months. Noriko's physical responses to her environment were most likely due to high levels of __________.

A) psychosomatic disorders
B) major illness
C) stress
D) coping

Question 46

Jack, a high school student, is having some academic problems. To cope with this, Jack speaks to his teachers and asks that they extend deadlines for assignments. Jack's ability to use __________ demonstrates his attempts to manage a stressful problem or situation by directly changing the situation to make it less stressful.

A) problem-focused coping
B) emotion-focused coping
C) defensive coping
D) social support

Question 47

Sassan and Abdib are brothers who help each other cope through ___________, or the assistance and comfort supplied by others.

A) problem-focused coping
B) emotion-focused coping
C) defensive coping
D) social support

Question 48

Which adolescent is likely to be the most advanced at coping with stress?

A) Joy, who talks to her friends Lachelle and Jessica about what she is dealing with
B) Ryan, who is always laughing and joking despite the death of his father
C) Blake, who gets angry and leaves the room when his parents show concern for him
D) Jennifer, who does not talk about what is happening to her because she does not deal with the reality of the situation

Question 49

Thirteen-year-old Sharon just recently experienced the traumatic death of her grandmother, whom she was very close to. To cope, Sharon has begun to write her cousin letters, and her cousin writes back. They talk about their fond memories of their grandmother and how much they miss her. Sharon's ability to turn to her cousin shows that she is aided by the presence of ___________.

A) problem-focused coping
B) emotion-focused coping
C) social support
D) defensive coping

Question 50

Transcendental meditation, Zen, yoga, progressive muscle relaxation, and even hypnosis are techniques that have been shown to be effective in ___________.

A) weight loss
B) reducing stress
C) increasing athleticism
D) increasing stress

Question 51

Some high school students use __________ to increase focus and the ability to study for many hours.

A) alcohol
B) amphetamines
C) marijuana
D) tobacco

Question 52

Drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in users are known as __________.

A) illegal drugs
B) prescription drugs
C) addictive drugs
D) over-the-counter drugs

Question 53

Reese had been exposed to alcohol in his home since he was small because his father was an alcoholic. When Reese went to college, he joined a fraternity and began to engage in ___________, having five or more drinks in one sitting, on a weekly basis.

A) social drinking
B) binge drinking
C) problem drinking
D) moderate drinking

Question 54

Binge drinking is defined for men as drinking __________ or more drinks in one sitting; for women, who tend to weigh less and whose bodies absorb alcohol less efficiently, binge drinking is defined as __________ drinks in one sitting.

A) 11; 10
B) 9; 8
C) 7; 6
D) 5; 4

Question 55

Because drinking is seen as a way of maintaining a certain image, drinking tends to be higher in adolescent __________ than in the adolescent general population.

A) female non-athletes
B) female athletes
C) male non-athletes
D) male athletes

Question 56

Some adolescents drink because of ___________, in which they assume that everyone is drinking at high levels due to a few conspicuous examples.

A) a consensus effect
B) peer pressure
C) a false consensus effect
D) self-esteem

Question 57

David's parents have noticed that he is wearing clothes that have the marijuana leaf symbol and he has a collection of beer cans in his room. They have overheard David joking with his friends about drugs, but when they try to talk to David about drugs, he becomes angry and leaves the room. David's behavior indicates that he has a problem with drugs or alcohol primarily because of his __________.

A) identification with the drug culture
B) signs of physical deterioration
C) dramatic changes in school performance
D) changes in behavior

Question 58

International studies have shown that in several countries, smoking is more prevalent among __________.

A) girls than boys
B) boys than girls
C) African American children than White children
D) higher socioeconomic status households than lower socioeconomic status households

Question 59

Fourteen-year-old Isham hangs out with a group of friends who are older and are smokers. Isham has only tried cigarettes a few times, but he is at risk for becoming a smoker not only because the exposure from his peers increases his chances of developing the habit of smoking but also because nicotine, the active chemical ingredient of cigarettes, can produce __________.

A) biological but not psychological dependency
B) psychological but not biological dependency
C) physical dependency but not psychological dependency
D) biological and psychological dependency

Question 60

In 2015, approximately __________ percent of adolescents reported using e-cigarettes.

A) 7
B) 16
C) 22
D) 34

Question 61

Vaping e-cigarettes is safer than smoking conventional cigarettes because __________.

A) e-cigarettes do not contain nicotine
B) the vapor that e-cigarettes produce is much less toxic than cigarette smoke
C) people do not become addicted to e-cigarettes
D) the vapor that e-cigarettes produce is toxin-free

Question 62

U.S. tobacco companies have sought to carve out new markets by turning to ___________, both at home and abroad.

A) all groups of people
B) the most advantaged groups of people
C) the least advantaged groups of people
D) women's groups

Question 63

A disease that is spread through sexual contact is known as a sexually __________.

A) transported disease
B) induced disease
C) contracted disease
D) transmitted infection

Question 64

Jordan is a teenager who has had many different sexual partners. He is at risk for contracting __________.

A) a psychosomatic disorder
B) a sexually transmitted infection
C) an eating disorder
D) a psychological disorder

Question 65

A sexually transmitted infection that has disproportionally impacted African Americans and Hispanic Americans is __________.

A) gonorrhea
B) chlamydia
C) syphilis
D) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 66

More than __________ million people have died from AIDS worldwide.

A) 5
B) 15
C) 25
D) 35

Question 67

Overall, around __________ teenagers contract an STI each year.

A) 100,000
B) 500,000
C) 1,000,000
D) 2,500,000

Question 68

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is associated with the development of cervical cancer?

A) syphilis
B) human papilloma virus
C) gonorrhea
D) genital herpes

Question 69

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that a vaccine be administered to 11- to 12-year-old girls to protect against __________.

A) syphilis
B) chlamydia
C) human papilloma virus
D) genital herpes

Question 70

The symptoms of __________ include burning urination and a discharge from the penis or vagina.

A) AIDS
B) chlamydia
C) human papilloma virus
D) gonorrhea

Question 71

A common sexually transmitted infection caused by a virus that produces symptoms not unlike cold sores that sometimes appear around the mouth is known as __________.

A) chlamydia
B) genital herpes
C) trichomoniasis
D) syphilis

Question 72

The sexually transmitted infections that have been recognized for the longest time are __________.

A) chlamydia and gonorrhea
B) genital herpes and AIDS
C) syphilis and chlamydia
D) gonorrhea and syphilis

Question 73

Health psychologists and educators have devised several guidelines to help prevent the spread of STIs. Which of the following helps?

A) Use condoms if you are in a long-term relationship.
B) Avoid the exchange of bodily fluids.
C) Avoid kissing.
D) Make sure female partners are taking the birth control pill.

Question 74

What physical changes do adolescents experience?

Question 75

What factors are associated with early menstruation?

Question 76

Define secular trend, and provide an example of one.

Question 77

Provide an overview of primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics.

Question 78

Identify some of the advantages and disadvantages of early maturation for boys.

Question 79

Identify the common causes of obesity during adolescence.

Question 80

What are the potential consequences of adolescent obesity?