Deck 4: The History of the Race Concept

Question 1

Human variation includes

A) enzymes.
B) blood types.
C) disease susceptibility.
D) any or all of these

Answer 1

any or all of these

Question 2

The ancient Greeks

A) lacked ethnocentrism.
B) divided the world into Greeks and Non-Greeks based on culture and language.
C) based slavery on race like the ancient Romans.
D) believed only Greeks could learn to speak to Greek.

Answer 2

divided the world into Greeks and Non-Greeks based on culture and language.

Question 3

According to Audrey Smedley (2007) the American racial worldview

A) includes the notion that all men are created equal.
B) is that human differences are the result of adaptation and are not fixed.
C) is that there are no differences in morality between different human subpopulation.
D) holds the belief that human population are discrete units that are inherently unequal in endowment.

Answer 3

holds the belief that human population are discrete units that are inherently unequal in endowment.

Question 4

The notion of biological race started

A) with the Romans.
B) with the Greeks.
C) with the Age of Exploration.
D) in Genesis.

Question 5

Comte de Buffon (1707-1788)

A) popularized the term race.
B) accepted monogenesis.
C) thought biological variation was related to the environment.
D) any or all of these

Question 6

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840)

A) recognized the continuous nature of human biological variation.
B) argued that biological races did not exist.
C) proposed three races instead of Linneaus' four.
D) rejected Plato's notion of the search for archetypes.

Question 7

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) Scientists quickly took Comte de Buffon search for the environmental variables responsible for human biological diversity.
B) By the end of the 18^th century, the folk belief of races became legitimate scientific facts.
C) By the end of the 18^th century, the search for archetypes was rejected.
D) By the end of the 18^th century, scientists rejected the folk beliefs of racial differences.

Question 8

Europeans saw Native Americans as inferior to themselves because

A) they were ethnocentric.
B) they believed that Native Americans were not agriculturists.
C) Native Americans preferred their own culture over that of the Europeans.
D) Any or all of these

Question 9

Polgyenism is the belief that

A) God created man and woman once and they dispersed and became the different races.
B) there the are many versions of Genesis.
C) God created separate and different peoples that are in fact different species.
D) accepts the notion of Pre-Adamites.

Question 10

Franz Boas, early 20^th Century anthropologist,

A) felt that there were no inferior or superior races.
B) worked with South American Natives and found their art wanting.
C) supported the forced sterilization of inferior people.
D) supported separate but equal schools.

Question 11

The Greeks saw foreigners as barbarians but believed that barbarians could become Greek.

Question 12

During the Roman Empire, slavery was based on the idea of biological inferiority of people made part of the empire by conquest.

Question 13

Forensic anthropologists go about the job identifying race for law enforcement officials assumes that racial traits are static.

Question 14

There is now solid evidence of a genetic link between race and intelligence.

Question 15

Plato's approach to human variation was to find archetypes as opposed to the evolutionary approach of finding the adaptive nature of human diversity.

Question 16

______________ defined the American "racial worldview" that includes the idea that behaviors are inherited and unchanging.

Question 17

______________ laid the basis for the modern taxonomic system.

Question 18

______________ a biological anthropology hypothesized that the different human races evolved separately from Homo erectus.

Question 19

In 1962 ______________ argued that most human biological diversity occurred in clines.

Question 20

In 1942 ______________ argued that the notion of biological race was a dangerous myth.