Deck 9: Lifespan Development

Question 1

The human lifespan is generally divided into __________ major stages.

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) nine

Answer 1

nine

Question 2

Which of the following is an advantage of the longitudinal study?

A) They truly capture age-related changes over time.
B) They are quick and easy.
C) Few people drop out of longitudinal studies.
D) Longitudinal studies tend to be cheaper than other designs.

Answer 2

They truly capture age-related changes over time.

Question 3

Dr. Gibbons believes that children develop gradually, adding new abilities and skills regularly. Dr. Gibbons believes in the philosophy of __________.

A) continuous change
B) staged change
C) gross change
D) graduated stages

Answer 3

continuous change

Question 4

When considering the key issue of continuous versus staged development, what is the current conclusion about the contribution of each philosophy in understanding development?

A) Neither philosophy really informs us accurately about development.
B) Staged development seems to be more accurate for describing development than continuous philosophies.
C) Continuous philosophies seem to be more accurate for describing development than staged development.
D) Both philosophies are processes that work hand in hand in development.

Question 5

When considering the key issue of nature or nurture and their role in development, which of the following best summarizes current beliefs?

A) Nature is more important than nurture.
B) Nurture is more important than nature.
C) Neither nature nor nurture is important.
D) Both nature and nurture play important roles in development.

Question 6

When baby Lauren was born, her mother looked at her and said, "You have your father's eyes!" Lauren's mother was responding to her __________.

A) phenotype
B) genotype
C) genetic code
D) dominant genes

Question 7

Clarice received a gene for brown eyes from her mother and a gene for blue eyes from her father. What is the most likely outcome?

A) Clarice will most likely have brown eyes, because it is the dominant gene.
B) Clarice will most likely have blue eyes, because it is the dominant gene.
C) Clarice will have one eye that is blue and one eye that is brown.
D) Clarice will have green eyes.

Question 8

When a mother consumes alcohol while she is pregnant, the alcohol is considered a __________.

A) teratogen
B) critical period
C) carcinogen
D) biohazard

Question 9

Javier was born three days ago. When his parents gently stroke his cheek, he turns his head in that direction. This is known as the __________ reflex.

A) Moro startle
B) rooting
C) walking
D) grasping

Question 10

Andrea has just had a normal, healthy baby. She smiles every time she places her finger in the baby's hand and he grabs it. This is known as the __________ reflex.

A) rooting
B) grasping
C) Moro startle
D) sucking

Question 11

Taboni is a newborn. What she can see most clearly is something placed __________.

A) 2 to 3 inches away
B) 6 to 12 inches away
C) 18 to 24 inches away
D) several feet away

Question 12

Chester is not very active and shows relatively low emotional responsiveness. When exposed to a new situation, Chester is initially fussy but eventually calms down. Chester is a(n) __________ child.

A) active
B) slow-to-warm-up
C) difficult
D) easy

Question 13

Max adapts well to new situations and is most often smiling and giggling. He sleeps well and has a hardy appetite. Max has a(n) __________ temperament.

A) easy
B) slow-to-warm-up
C) difficult
D) energetic

Question 14

Which of the following is true with regards to temperament?

A) Easy babies are preferred.
B) Difficult babies are preferred.
C) Having a baby's temperament fit its environment is preferred.
D) Setting a strict schedule for a difficult child will help the child adjust.

Question 15

The idea that humans have an innate caretaking and nurturing mechanism triggered by the features of a baby's face is called __________.

A) motherese
B) bonding
C) baby schema
D) reflexive parenting

Question 16

Gabby was handed her friend's baby. Immediately, she began talking to the baby in a different way. Which of the following most likely describes the change in her speech?

A) Gabby is speaking softly, in a low pitch, in long sentences.
B) Gabby is speaking loudly, in a monotone voice.
C) Gabby is speaking in a higher voice, using short or simple words.
D) Gabby is speaking in a higher voice, using long sentences.

Question 17

Carrie has just begun to crawl. About what age is Carrie?

A) Two months old
B) Six months old
C) Nine months old
D) Twelve months old

Question 18

Pinching something between your thumb and forefinger would be considered a __________ motor skill.

A) gross
B) delicate
C) mass
D) fine

Question 19

Kicking a ball would be considered a __________ motor skill.

A) fine
B) gross
C) mass
D) focused

Question 20

__________ refers to the growth in humans' ability to think in increasingly complex ways.

A) Intelligence
B) Language development
C) Cognitive development
D) Brain development

Question 21

Gigi just began saying her first real words. She now says "shoe" and "puppy" regularly. Gigi is about __________ months old.

A) three
B) nine
C) twelve
D) twenty-four

Question 22

Based on what you have learned, what would you recommend to parents who want to encourage the healthy development of language in their children?

A) They should encourage TV time for their children.
B) They should play language-development CDs for their children.
C) They should have their children listen to a lot of music, so they are hearing words a lot.
D) They should engage their children in back-and-forth conversations.

Question 23

When Bart says "dog," some people think of a golden retriever, some of a Dalmatian, and others of a Chihuahua. We picture different things in our mind because we have different __________.

A) memories
B) ideas
C) categories
D) schemas

Question 24

When new information does not fit well into any existing schema, children may feel an unpleasant condition called __________.

A) disequilibrium
B) awkwardness
C) confusion
D) accommodation

Question 25

Konrad Lorenz discovered that a newborn baby goose will bond with the first moving object it sees. This is known as __________.

A) attachment
B) bonding
C) imprinting
D) adaptation

Question 26

Harry Harlow studied attachment in monkeys. He found that when baby monkeys were separated from their mothers and offered a substitute, they preferred a __________.

A) wire mother that offered food
B) terrycloth mother that offered warmth and softness
C) wire mother that made sounds like a monkey
D) wire mother that offered water

Question 27

What did Harry Harlow conclude about what human babies seek out in their environment?

A) They seek out food.
B) They seek out water.
C) They seek out contact comfort.
D) They seek out soothing sounds.

Question 28

A secure attachment in a child is associated with __________ in the future.

A) more satisfying romantic relationships
B) greater job satisfaction
C) higher income
D) ambivalent relationships

Question 29

Recall the challenges that Erik Erikson suggested occur during childhood. Which of the following is matched with the correct ages?

A) Trust versus mistrust-ages zero to one
B) Industry versus inferiority-ages one to three
C) Autonomy versus shame and doubt-ages three to six
D) Initiative versus guilt-ages six to twelve

Question 30

Considering social development in adolescence, which of the following statements is true?

A) Family relationships become more important in adolescence.
B) Peer relationships become more important in adolescence.
C) Both family and peer relationships are important in adolescence, as the adolescent defines their identity.
D) Adolescence marks a time when young people turn inward and become isolated from parents and peers.

Question 31

Ian is an emerging adult who has been living on his own for three years. However, his boss has been unable to give him a raise this year, and his rent is going up $150. He has chosen to move back into his parents' home until he can save more money. Ian would be considered a(n) _________.

A) independent adult
B) dependent adult
C) boomerang child
D) resistant adult

Question 32

During emerging adulthood, the brain is __________.

A) fully mature
B) still maturing
C) beginning to decline in function
D) more susceptible to environmental influences

Question 33

Lillian looks in the mirror and notices wrinkles and a number of gray hairs. She is experiencing signs of __________.

A) old age
B) primary aging
C) secondary aging
D) tertiary aging

Question 34

Shanika has just been diagnosed with diabetes.According to your text, Shanika is showing signs of __________.

A) the Hayflick limit
B) primary aging
C) secondary aging
D) universal aging

Question 35

The idea that our bodies have a biological timeline set up in our genes is known as the __________.

A) cellular limit
B) cellular clock theory
C) activity theory
D) programmed theory of aging

Question 36

Jorge has just experienced the death of his mother. As a result, he begins to feel apprehensive about his own death. This is known as __________.

A) fear of passing
B) death awareness
C) death anxiety
D) denial

Question 37

Which of the following is the first of Kübler-Ross's stages?

A) Denial
B) Anger
C) Bargaining
D) Depression

Question 38

In the study done by Langer and Rodin (1976), they believed that giving nursing home residents a sense of control would improve their __________.

A) pain scores
B) health and happiness
C) stages of grief
D) willingness to comply with medical procedures

Question 39

Langer and Rodin's study investigated whether people were happier and healthier when given more choices for their activities. What were their findings?

A) While choices improved happiness, they did not impact health.
B) Increasing choices led to improved health, but it did not impact happiness.
C) Increasing choices led to both improved health and happiness.
D) Increasing choices did not improve health or happiness.

Question 40

According to the study presented at the end of the chapter, what was the independent variable presented to the residents of the nursing facility?

A) The passage of time
B) A sense of control
C) A sense of belonging
D) A sense of ageism

Question 41

Examine two of the broad debates in developmental psychology mentioned in your text. Illustrate each issue with a discussion of research in at least one area of physical, cognitive, or social/emotional development.

Question 42

Lynne and Rob are expecting a baby. Describe the development of their baby in each of the three stages of prenatal development. To what extent might teratogens affect the baby's development during each of the stages?

Question 43

Evaluate the contribution of "nature" to perceptual and motor development by reviewing an infant's typical perceptual capabilities and reflexes.

Question 44

Distinguish between the stages of moral development in Kohlberg's theory. Provide illustrative examples of each stage.

Question 45

Describe Baumrind's four parenting styles, and provide a discussion of the behaviors commonly observed in children raised in each of these styles.

Question 46

Compare and contrast primary aging and secondary aging. Make sure to give several examples of what might happen during each of these processes.

Question 47

Name and describe the five phases of grief outlined by Elizabeth Kübler-Ross. Provide illustrative examples of each phase. Discuss the limitations of this phase theory of grief.