Deck 11: Gender and Human Sexuality

Question 1

Eva Marie has learned that society expects girls to play with dolls rather than trucks. This means that she understands her _____.

A) sexual orientation
B) gender schema
C) gender role
D) gender

Answer 1

gender role

Question 2

The female gonads are the _____; the male gonads are the _____.

A) vagina; penis
B) ovaries; testes
C) uterus; seminal vesicle
D) all of these options

Answer 2

ovaries; testes

Question 3

The belief that children actively create internal rules about appropriate gender behavior is consistent with _____.

A) biopsychosocial theory
B) the androgyny hypothesis
C) social learning theory
D) gender schema theory

Answer 3

gender schema theory

Question 4

Your self-identification as either a man or woman is called your _____.

A) sex perception
B) perceptual gender
C) sex role
D) gender identity

Question 5

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?

A) transvestite: homosexual
B) transsexual: bisexual
C) sexual orientation: gender identity
D) none of the above

Question 6

Your _____ is related to societal expectations for "normal and appropriate" behavior for your biological sex.

A) gender identity
B) gender role
C) sexual identity
D) sexual orientation

Question 7

The hormonal dimension of sex is defined as the predominance of _____ for females and _____ for males.

A) testosterone; estrogens
B) estrogens; androgens
C) progesterone; estrogens
D) testosterone; androgens

Question 8

Pat has an XY chromosome pattern and likes to play with trucks. The XY pattern is characteristic of Pat's _____, and playing with trucks is characteristic of his _____.

A) sex; gender
B) gender; sex
C) masculinity; maleness
D) identity; orientation

Question 9

A person who is erotically attracted to members of the same sex is called _____.

A) unisexual
B) gender confused
C) gay or lesbian
D) transsexual or homosexual

Question 10

_____ refers to the psychological and sociocultural meanings added to the biological state of being male or female.

A) Sex differences
B) Gender
C) Sexual role
D) Gender role

Question 11

Bradford wears female clothing because it is sexually arousing. Billy wears female clothing because he believes he is female and wants others to perceive him this way. Bradford is an example of _____, whereas Billy is an example of _____.

A) transsexualism; cross-dressing
B) a female impersonator; someone "going in drag"
C) transvestitism; transsexualism
D) transvestitism; cross-dressing

Question 12

Sex: gender: _____.

A) biological: psychological/sociocultural
B) psychology: biology
C) sociocultural: biological
D) chromosomal: anatomical/biological

Question 13

An individual who engages in both heterosexual and homosexual relations is referred to as _____.

A) bisexual
B) lesbian
C) transsexual
D) homophobic

Question 14

Your primary erotic attraction toward others is referred to as your _____.

A) gender identity
B) sexual identity
C) sexual orientation
D) any of these options

Question 15

Social learning theory suggests that children learn gender roles _____.

A) by watching and imitating others
B) through rewards for gender-appropriate behaviors
C) through punishment for gender-inappropriate behavior
D) all of these options

Question 16

The prostate gland is an internal organ in the _____; the fallopian tube is an internal organ in the _____.

A) female; female
B) female; male
C) male; male
D) male; female

Question 17

Gender schemas are associated with which theory of gender role development?

A) Cognitive-developmental
B) Social learning theory
C) Observational theory
D) Both a and b

Question 18

Individuals who have the genitals and secondary sex characteristics of one sex, but feel as if they belong to the other sex, are known as _____.

A) transvestites
B) heterosexuals
C) gays or lesbians
D) transsexuals

Question 19

Amanda knows she is a girl, which means she has acquired _____.

A) her primary sexual identity
B) gender constancy
C) a gender identity
D) a gender role

Question 20

_____ refers to one's biological state of being male or female.

A) Gender identity
B) Sex
C) Gender role
D) Gender

Question 21

Which of the following explains why human sexuality was not studied until the 20th century?

A) Scientists did not have the methods for a systematic study of sex
B) Scientists already knew most of the phenomena of sex
C) Historical and cultural forces suppressed the study of sex
D) All of the above

Question 22

Androgyny is related to which of the following pairs?

A) Yin and yang
B) Animus and anima
C) Masculine and feminine
D) All of these options

Question 23

A combination of both "male" and "female" personality traits is called _____.

A) heterosexuality
B) homosexuality
C) transsexualism
D) androgyny

Question 24

Which of the following was an observation in Alfred Kinsey's study of human sexuality?

A) Men and women reach sexual orgasm as frequently
B) Women reach sexual orgasm more frequently than men
C) Men reach orgasm more frequently than women
D) He did not inquire about frequency of sexual orgasm

Question 25

Havelock Ellis used _____ to study human sexuality.

A) prostitutes
B) his family
C) himself
D) all of these options

Question 26

Kinsey and his associates used the _____ method to study human sexuality.

A) case study
B) correlational
C) experimental
D) survey

Question 27

Which of the following is a cross-cultural difference in sexuality?

A) Dutch parents are more likely to permit their adolescent child to spend the night with their partner than U.S. parents
B) Kissing is unpopular in Japan and unknown in some indigenous cultures of Africa and South America
C) In some indigenous cultures of Australia, women will not develop breasts before they experience intercourse
D) All are examples

Question 28

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?

A) Havelock Ellis: first study of prostitutes
B) Freud: founder of the first institute for the study of human sexuality
C) Kinsey: first major survey of human sexual behavior
D) Masters and Johnson: first experimental study of sexual behavior

Question 29

Jimmy was a carpenter, a teacher, and a healer. He was strong and nurturing. He was independent, warm, and caring. This blend of "masculine" and "feminine" traits makes him a prototype for the concept of _____.

A) transgenderism
B) androgyny
C) heterosexuality
D) bisexuality

Question 30

During earlier times, it was believed that _____ led to blindness, impotence, acne, and insanity; while _____ caused brain damage and death.

A) female orgasms; male orgasms
B) masturbation; nocturnal emissions
C) menstruation; menopause
D) oral sex; sodomy

Question 31

Which groups show the largest changes toward androgyny?

A) African-Americans
B) Euro-Americans
C) Asian-Americans
D) All are equal

Question 32

The case of "John/Joan" best demonstrated that _____.

A) circumcision is a dangerous operation
B) sex-reassignment should never be done
C) gender identity has more to do with environment than with biological anatomy
D) biology plays a role in gender identity formation

Question 33

Who were three major contributors to today's knowledge about sexuality?

A) Ellis, Kinsey, and Masters and Johnson
B) Dr. Ruth, Dr. Laura, and Howard Stern
C) Bart Simpson, Beavis, and Butthead
D) Hugh Hefner, Larry Flynt, and Ken Starr

Question 34

Studies suggest that _____ are among the MOST androgynous ethnic groups in the United States.

A) Euro-Americans
B) African-Americans
C) Asian-Americans
D) Mexican-Americans

Question 35

Which of the following groups of people generally have higher self-esteem, are more socially competent and motivated to achieve, and exhibit better overall mental health? Those who score _____.

A) high on androgyny
B) high on both masculinity and femininity
C) low on both masculinity and femininity
D) high on femininity

Question 36

With regard to the case report of "John/Joan," which of the following is TRUE regarding "her" final sex and gender dimensions?

A) chromosomes = XX
B) external genitals = intact penis
C) both a and b
D) gender identity = masculine

Question 37

Who conducted the first experimental studies of human sexuality?

A) Alfred Kinsey
B) Havelock Ellis
C) Sigmund Freud
D) William Masters and Virginia Johnson

Question 38

What is the tendency to judge one's own cultural practice as preferable to other practices?

A) Zenophobia
B) Egocentrism
C) Ethnocentrism
D) None of the above

Question 39

Masters and Johnson researched the _____ aspects of human sexuality.

A) physiological
B) cultural
C) genetic
D) psychological

Question 40

Which of the following were developed to discourage masturbation and nocturnal emission?

A) Graham crackers
B) Kellogg's Corn Flakes
C) Spiked penis rings
D) All of these options

Question 41

The discharge of semen and seminal fluid from the penis during orgasm is called _____.

A) the human race
B) a nocturnal emission
C) the male climactic
D) an ejaculation

Question 42

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding research on hormones and sexual orientation?

A) Gay men have more estrogen than straight men.
B) Lesbian women have more testosterone than straight women.
C) Male hormones administered prenatally to female sheep and rats increases male-mounting behavior as they mature
D) All of these options

Question 43

According to the table in your text regarding sexual behaviors across cultures, which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

A) Mangaia: adult males are encouraged to assist their female partners in achieving three orgasms for each one of their own
B) Yolngu: parents soothe their infants by stroking their genitals, but adult women are apathetic about sex and seldom achieve orgasm
C) Inis Beag: female orgasm is more prevalent than male orgasm because males are discouraged from wasting their semen
D) None of these options are incorrectly matched

Question 44

An irrational fear of homosexuality, in others or in oneself, is known as _____.

A) xenophobia
B) homoerotica
C) heterosexism
D) homophobia

Question 45

Which of the following theories regarding the origins of homosexuality has NOT been supported by research?

A) The "domineering mother and weak father" theory
B) The "I'm too unattractive to find a date" and "I've been hurt by the opposite sex" theories
C) The "I was seduced by an older homosexual" theory
D) None of these theories have been supported by research

Question 46

This is characteristic of the excitement phase of sexual arousal.

A) Initiated by physical touch, sights, sounds, or smells, but not by psychological fantasies
B) Initiated by psychological fantasies, but not by physical touch or sensations
C) Increased engorgement in the genitals; penile and clitoral erection
D) "Ballooning" of the vagina and raising of the testes

Question 47

The body returns to its unaroused state in the _____ phase of sexual arousal.

A) Orgasm
B) Resolution
C) Refraction
D) Recovery

Question 48

This is NOT in Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle.

A) Desire phase
B) Excitement phase
C) Orgasm phase
D) Resolution phase

Question 49

The period following orgasm, during which it is considered physiologically impossible for most men to be further excited to orgasm, is called the _____ period.

A) Post-orgasmic
B) Refractory
C) Recovery
D) Retraction

Question 50

According to Masters and Johnson, a woman experiencing a leveling off of high arousal, a tightening of the vaginal opening, an expansion of the upper third of the vagina, and increasing sexual tension is in the _____ phase of sexual arousal.

A) Excitement
B) Orgasmic
C) Plateau
D) Refractory

Question 51

developed a personality measure of male, female, and androgynous traits.

A) Bem
B) Freud
C) Masters
D) Kinsey

Question 52

A homosexual orientation appears to be the result of _____.

A) seduction during childhood or adolescence by an older homosexual
B) a family background that includes a dominant mother and a passive, detached father
C) a hormonal imbalance
D) genetics and biology playing a dominant role

Question 53

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of events in Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle?

A) Excitement → orgasm → plateau → resolution
B) Plateau → excitement → orgasm → climax
C) Arousal → excitement → plateau → orgasm
D) Excitement → plateau → orgasm → resolution

Question 54

The size difference in the corpus callosum between men and women may mean

A) men are more intelligent than women
B) women are more intelligent than men
C) women can integrate information more easily from two halves of their brain
D) men can integrate information more easily from two halves of their brain

Question 55

are at greater risk for many STIs.

A) Males
B) Females
C) Older adults
D) Both b and c

Question 56

Sexual scripts, gender roles, and the double standard

A) are essential for healthy development
B) are more rigid today
C) are less rigid today
D) pose no difficulty for individuals

Question 57

Viewing one's own ethnic group (or culture) as central and "correct," and judging the rest of the world according to this standard, is known as _____.

A) standardization
B) stereotyping
C) discrimination
D) ethnocentrism

Question 58

The genetic influence on sexual orientation has been supported by research reporting that _____.

A) among identical twins, if one brother is gay, the other brother has a 48-65 percent chance of also being gay
B) gay men have fewer chromosomal pairs than straight men, while lesbians have larger areas of the hypothalamus than straight women
C) among adoptive pairs of brothers, if one brother is gay, the other brother has an increased chance of also being gay
D) parenting style influences adult sexual orientation for males, but not for females

Question 59

During the _____ phase, pleasurable sensations peak and the body discharges its accumulated sexual tension in a burst of muscular contractions.

A) Male climacteric
B) Female climacteric
C) Orgasm
D) All of these options

Question 60

Most StIs:

A) are readily cured in the late stages
B) are readily cured in the early stages
C) result in visible symptoms for both males and females
D) are resistant to all forms of treatment

Question 61

Which of the following sexual dysfunctions is MOST likely to have an organic cause?

A) Erectile disorders
B) Premature ejaculation
C) Sexual aversion
D) Vaginismus

Question 62

Sexual learning that includes "what to do, when, where, how, and with whom" is known as sexual _____.

A) standards
B) norms
C) scripts
D) gender roles

Question 63

Ever since Fabian failed to get an erection with his wife three weeks ago, he has been worried about not being able to satisfy her sexual needs. As a result of this _____, he has been going to bed late to avoid facing his fears.

A) orgasmic dysfunction
B) spectatoring
C) sensate focusing
D) performance anxiety

Question 64

Sexual scripts _____.

A) are socially dictated descriptions of acceptable sexual behavior
B) occur only amongst repressed cultures
C) are genetically encoded in the primitive areas of the brain, such as the limbic system
D) are rarely followed

Question 65

Which of the following sexual dysfunctions are PRIMARILY due to psychological factors?

A) Premature ejaculation
B) Sexual aversion
C) Vaginismus
D) All of these options

Question 66

_____ is the term for negative attitudes toward someone based on his or her sexual orientation (regardless of their sexual orientation).

A) Homophobia
B) Sexual prejudice
C) Heterosexism
D) Sexual phobia

Question 67

The parasympathetic branch of the nervous system must be in control during sex. Both men and women who experience _____ regarding sex have this difficulty due to sympathetic nervous system domination.

A) premature ejaculation
B) anorgasmia
C) performance anxiety
D) the refractory period

Question 68

The part of the nervous system that responds reflexively to stroking or touching of the genitals is the _____.

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebral cortex
C) peripheral nervous system
D) spinal cord

Question 69

_____ refers to the inability to get or maintain an erection firm enough for intercourse.

A) Performance anxiety
B) Erectile disorder
C) Orgasmic disorder
D) Spectatoring

Question 70

Telling derogatory jokes about homosexuality and/or avoiding any behavior that might be interpreted as "homosexual" may be examples of _____.

A) heterosexism
B) erotophobia
C) sexual prejudice
D) homoerotica

Question 71

The _____ branch of the nervous system is dominant during sexual arousal, whereas the _____ branch is dominant during orgasm and ejaculation.

A) parasympathetic; sympathetic
B) autonomic; somatic
C) central; peripheral
D) cerebral; spinal

Question 72

For women, the inability to respond to sexual stimulation to the point of orgasm is defined in the text as _____.

A) vaginitis
B) female orgasmic disorder
C) spectatoring
D) frigidity

Question 73

The fear of being judged in connection with sexual behavior is called _____.

A) self-induced sexual pressure
B) performance anxiety
C) sexual phobia
D) expectation neurosis

Question 74

With regard to sexuality, _____ is the set of beliefs, values, and norms that subtly encourage male sexuality and discourage female sexuality.

A) the double standard
B) androsexism
C) paternalism
D) the book called The Rules

Question 75

Your textbook defines a sexual dysfunction as _____.

A) any defect in one's enjoyment of sex
B) A problem that interferes with initiation of, consummation of, or satisfaction with sexual activities
C) an inability to have sex with another person
D) none of these options

Question 76

The current position of the American Psychiatric Association and the American Psychological Association is that homosexuality _____.

A) is not a mental illness
B) can be reversed with aversion therapy
C) can be reversed with psychoanalytic therapy
D) all of these options

Question 77

Dyspareunia is defined in your textbook as _____.

A) a lack of interest in sex
B) painful intercourse
C) a lack of orgasmic capability
D) an unusually excessive interest in sex

Question 78

Strong emotions trigger the _____ nervous system, which can interfere with your ability to achieve sexual _____.

A) parasympathetic; resolution
B) parasympathetic; orgasm
C) sympathetic; arousal
D) sympathetic; orgasm

Question 79

The belief that Rebecca is responsible for stopping Jeremy's advances and that she is expected to refrain from sexual activity before marriage is an example of _____.

A) androgyny
B) androcentrism
C) the double standard
D) performance anxiety

Question 80

Premature ejaculation occurs when a male _____.

A) ejaculates within one minute of penetration
B) ejaculates before penetration
C) has no control over a rapid ejaculation at least 50% of the time
D) all of these options